Calidius

• I M. Calidius, an orator, contemporary with Cicero, Cic. Brut. 79, 274 sqq.; id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7; 3, 2, 1; id. Fam. 8, 4, 1.—
• II Cn. Calidius, a Roman knight, the father of a senator, plundered by Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42.—
• III Q. Calidius, the father of I., Cic. Verr. 1, 13, 38; 2, 3, 25, § 63.

or Calli'dius.

1. Cn. Calidius, a Roman knight in Sicily, of high rank and great influence, whose son was a Roman judex and senator, was robbed of some of his plate by Verres. (Cic. Ver. 4.20.)

2. Q. Calidius, tribune of the plebs in B. C. 99, carried a law in this year for the recall of Q. Metellus Numidicus from banishment. In gratitude for this service, his son Q. Metellus Pius, who was then consul, supported Calidius in his canvas for the praetorship in B. C. 80. Calidius was accordingly praetor in B. C. 79, and obtained one of the Spanish provinces; but, on his return to Rome, he was accused of extortion in his province by Q. Lollius (not Gallius, as the Pseudo-Asconius states), and condemned by his judges, who had been bribed for the purpose. As, however, the bribes had not been large, Calidius made the remark, that a man of praetorian rank ought not to be condemned for a less sum than three million sesterces. (V. Max. 5.2.7; Cic. pro Planc. 28, 29; Cic. Verr. Act. 1.13 ; Pseudo-Ascon. ad loc. ; Cic. Ver. 3.25.) This Calidius may have been the one who was sent from Rome, about B. C. 82, to command Murena to desist from the devastation of the territories of Mithridates. (Appian, App. Mith. 65.)

3. M. Calidius, son of No. 2 (Pseudo-Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. Act. 1.13), a celebrated orator, studied under Apollodorus of Pergamus, who was also the teacher of the emperor Augustus. (Euseb. Chron. Ol. 179. 2.)

Cicero passes (Brut. 79, 80) a high panegyric upon Calidius' oratory, which he characterizes at considerable length, and particularly praises the clearness and elegance of his style. But while Calidius explained a thing most lucidly, and was listened to with the greatest pleasure, he was pot so successful in carrying with him the feelings of his hearers and producing conviction. Vellcius Paterculus (2.36) classes him with Cicero, Hortensius, and the other chief orators of his time, and Quintilian (12.10.10) also speaks of the " subtilitas" of Calidius. Works Orations

The first oration of Calidius of which we have mention was delivered in B. C. 64, when he accused Q. Gallius, a candidate for the praetorship, of bribery. Gallius was defended by Cicero, of whose oration a few fragments are extant. (Ascon. in Orat. in Tog. cand. p. 88, ed. Orelli; Cic. Brut. 80 ; Festus, s. v. Sufes.) In B. C. 57 Calidius was praetor, and in that year spoke in favour of restoring the house of Cicero, having previously supported his recall from banishment. (Quintil. x. 1.23 ; Cic. post. Red. in Sen. 9.) In B. C. 54, he defended, in conjunction with Cicero and others, M. Aemilius Scaurus, who was accused of extortion. (Ascon. in Scaur. p. 20.) He also spoke in the same year on behalf of the freedom of the inhabitants of Tenedos, and in support of Gabinius. (Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2.11, 3.2.) In B. C. 52, Calidius was one of the supporters of Milo, after the death of Clodius (Ascon. in Milon. p. 35); and in the following year (51) he was a candidate for the consulship, but lost his election, and was accused of bribery by the two Gallii, one of whom he had himself accused in B. C. 64. (Cael. ap. Cic. ad Fam. 8.4, 9.)

In the debate in the senate at the beginning of January, B. C. 49, Calidius gave it as his opinion that Pompey ought to depart to his provinces to prevent any occasion for war; and on the breaking out of the civil war immediately afterwards, he joined Caesar, by whom he was appointed to the government of the province of Gallia Togata. He died at Placentia, in his province, in B. C. 48. (Caes. Civ. 1.2; Euseb. Chron. Ol. 180. 4.) Editions

The fragments of the orations of Calidius are given in Meyer's Oratorum Roman. Fragm. p. 434, &100.2nd ed. Further Information

Comp. Ellendt's Prolegomena to his edition of Cicero's Brutus, p. cvii. and Westermann's Gesch. der Röm. Beredtsamkeit, § 69, not. 6-11. Coinage

The coin annexed refers to this M. Calidius. It bears on the obverse the head of Rome, and on the reverse Victory in a two-horse chariot, with the inscription M. Calid. Q. Me. CN. Fl., that is, M. Calidius, Q. Metellus, and Cn. Fulvius, being triumvirs of the mint.