Claudia

• A Roman female name; v. Claudius.—
• II A town of Noricum, Plin. 3, 24, 27, § 146.

1. Five of this name were daughters of App. Claudius Caecus, censor B. C. 312. [Claudius, Stemma, No. 10.) It is related of one of them, that, being thronged by the people as she was returning home from the games, she expressed a wish that her brother Publius had been alive, that he might again lose a fleet, and lessen the number of the populace. For this she was fined by the plebeian aediles, B. C. 246. (Liv. xix.; Valer. Max. viii., 1.4; Sueton. Tib. 2; Gel. 10.6.)

2. Claudia Quinta [Claudius, Stemma, No. 18], probably the sister of App. Claudius Pulcher [Claudius, No. 17], and grand-daughter of App. Claudius Caecus. Her fame is connected with the story of the transportation of the image of Cybele from Pessinus to Rome. The vessel conveying the image had stuck fast in a shallow at the mouth of the Tiber. The soothsayers announced that only a chaste woman could move it. Claudia, who had been accused of incontinency, stepped forward from among the matrons who had accompanied Scipio to Ostia to receive the image, and after calling upon the goddess to vindicate her innocence, took hold of the rope, and the vessel forthwith followed her. A statue was erected to her in the vestibule of the temple of the goddess. (Liv. 29.14; Ov.Fasti, 4.305, &c.; Cic. de Harusp. Resp. 13; V. Max. 1.8.11; Plin. Nat. 7.35.)

3. Claudia [Claudius, Stemma, No. 19], daughter of Appius Claudius Pulcher [No. 17]. She was married to Pacuvius Calavius of Capua. (Liv. 23.2.)

4. Claudia [Stemma, No. 30], daughter of App. Claudius Pulcher [No. 25], was one of the vestal virgins. (Cic. pro Caelio, 14; V. Max. 5.4.6.)

5. Claudia [Stemma, No. 31], sister of No. 4, was married to Tib. Gracchus. (Plut. TG 4.)

6. Claudia [Stemma, No. 37], daughter of C. Claudius Pulcher [No. 29], married Q. Marcius Philippus. (Cic. pro Dom. 32.)

7. Clodia [Stemma, No. 41], eldest sister of P. Clodius Pulcher, the enemy of Cicero (Cic. Fam. 1.9), married Q. Marcius Rex. (Plut. Cic. 29; D. C. 35.17.) She is said to have been debauched by her brother Publius. (Plut. Cic. 29; Cic. Fam. 1.9.) For a discussion respecting the number of sisters Clodius had, see Drumann, vol. ii. p. 374, &c.

8. Clodia [Stemma, No. 42], the second of the three sisters of P. Clodius, and older than her brother. (Cic. pro Cael. 15.) She was married to Q. Metellus Celer, but became infamous for her debaucheries (Cic. l.c. 14), which so destroyed all domestic peace, that, as Cicero says (ad Att. 2.1), she was at open war with her husband, and, on his sudden death, she was suspected of having poisoned him. During her husband's lifetime she had wished to form a connexion with Cicero, and, being slighted by him, revenged herself by exciting her brother Publius against him, and during his exile annoyed his family. (Pro Cael. 20, ad Att. 2.12; Plut. Cic. 29.) Among her paramours was M. Caelius, who after a time left her. To revenge herself, she instigated Atratinus to charge him with having borrowed money of her to hire assassins to murder Dio, the head of the embassy sent by Ptolemaeus Auletes, and with having attempted to poison Clodia herself. Crassus and Cicero spoke in defence of Caelius, who was acquitted. Cicero in his speech represents Clodia as a woman of most abandoned character, and charges her with having carried on an incestuous intrigue with her brother Publius. (Pro Cael. 14-20, 32.) The nickname Quadrantaria was often applied to her. (Pro Cael. 26; Quint. Inst. 8.6.53.) Cicero in his letters frequently calls her Βοῶπις. (Ad Att. 2.9, 12, 14.) Either this Clodia, or her youngest sister, was alive in B. C. 44. (Ad Att. 14.8.)

9. Clodia [Stemma, No. 43], the youngest sister of P. Clodius, was married to L. Licinius Lucullus, before his election to the consulship in B. C. 74. (Plut. Luc. 21, 34, 38; Varr. R. R. 3.16.1.) After his return from the Mithridatic war, Lucullus separated from her, on account of her infidelity, and in B. C. 61 brought her to trial for an incestuous amour with her brother P. Clodius. (Plut. Luc. 34, 38; Cic. pro Mil. 27, ad Fam. 1.9.)

10. Claudia [Stemma, No. 44], daughter of App. Claudius Pulcher [No. 38], was married to Cn. Pompeius, the elder son of the triumvir. (Cic. Fam. 2.13, 3.4, 11; D. C. 39.60.)

11. Claudia [Stemma, No. 45), sister of the preceding, was married to M. Brutus, who separated from her in B. C. 45. (Cic. Fam. 3.4, ad Att. 13.9, 10, Brut. 77, 94.)

12. Clodia [Stemma, No. 49], daughter of P. Clodius, was betrothed in B. C. 43 to Octavianus (Augustus), who, however, never regarded her as his wife, and at the outbreak of the Perusinian war sent her back to her mother Fulvia. (Suet. Aug. 62; D. C. 48.5.)

13. Claudia Pulchra, lived in the reign of Tiberius. In A. D. 26, to prepare the way for the accusation of Agrippina, she was brought to trial by Domitius Aper, and convicted of adultery, poisoning, and conspiracy against the emperor. (Tac. Ann. 4.52; D. C. 59.19.) She is the last member of this family whose name occurs in history.

14. Claudia, called by Suetonius (Calig. 12) Junia Claudilla, was the daughter of M. Junius Silanus, and was married to Caligula, according to Dio Cassius (58.25) in A. D. 35. (Tac. Ann. 6.20, 45.)

15. Claudia, daughter of the emperor Clandius I. by his wife Plautia Urgulanilla. (Suet. Cl. 27.)

16. Claudia, an illegitimate daughter of Plautia Urgulanilla, the wife of the emperor Claudius I. and his freedman Boter (Suet. Cl. 27), was exposed by the command of Claudius.

17. Claudia Augusta, daughter of the emperor Nero by his wife Poppaea Sabina. She died young. (Suet. Nero 35.) [C.P.M]

daughter of Crispus the brother of Claudius Gothicus, wife of Eutropius, mother of Constantius, and grandmother of Constantine the Great. (Trebell. Poll. Claud. 13.) [W.R]

patrician and plebeian. The patrician Claudii were of Sabine origin, and came to Rome in B. C. 504, when they were received among the patricians. [Claudius, No. 1.] The patrician Claudii bear various surnames, as Caecus, Caudex, Centho, Crassus, Pulcher, Regillensis, and Sabinus, the two latter of which, though applicable to all of the gens, were seldom used, when there was also a more definite cognomen. But as these surnames did not mark distinct families, an account of all the patrician Claudii is given under Claudius, with the exception of those with the cognomen Nero, since they are better known under the latter name.

The surnames of the plebeian Claudii are Asellus, Canina, Centumalus, Cicero, Flamen, and Marcellus, of which the last is by far the most celebrated.

The patrician Claudii were noted for their pride and arrogance, and intense hatred of the commonalty. " That house during the course of centuries produced several very eminent, few great men; hardly a single noble-minded one. In all ages it distinguished itself alike by a spirit of haughty defiance, by disdain for the laws, and iron hardness of heart." (Niebuhr, vol. i. p. 599.) The praenomen Lucius was avoided after two of that name had dishonoured it, the one by robbery, the other by murder. (Sueton. Tib. 1.) The honours and public offices borne by members of this gens are enumerated by Suetonius. (l.c.) During the republic no patrician Claudius adopted one of another gens: the emperor Claudius was the first who broke through this custom by adopting L. Domitius Ahenobarbus, afterwards the emperor Nero. (Suet. Cl. 39; Tac. Ann. 12.25.) [C.P.M]

CLAU´DIA a town in the northern part of Noricum (Plin. Nat. 3.27), and perhaps the same as Claudivium (Κλαυδιούιον or Κλαυδόνιον) mentioned by Ptolemy (Ptol. 2.14.3).

See Clodia.