propter

propter, adv. and prep. [contr. for propiter, from prope; cf.: inter, subter].

• Adv., near, hard by, at hand (syn.: prope, juxta; rare but class.). serito in loco, ubi aqua propter siet, Cato R. R. 151, 2: ibi angiportum propter est, Ter. Ad. 576: propter dormire, id. Eun. 368: araque Panchaeos exhalat propter odores, Lucr. 2, 417: propter est spelunca, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107 (al. prope): vident unum virum esse ... et eum propter esse, id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13: cum duo reges propter assint, id. ib. 6, 16: (caules) si propter sati sunt, id. N. D. 2, 47, 120: duo filii propter cubantes, id. Rosc. Am. 23, 64; id. Inv. 2, 4, 14: adulescentia voluptates propter intuens, id. Sen. 14, 48; id. ap. Non. 367, 25: cornix propter volans, Phaedr. 2, 6, 7: praeter propter, v praeter. —
• II Prep. with acc., near, hard by, close to (syn.: prope, juxta, ad).
• • A Lit., of place (rare but class.); stat propter virum fortem, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9 (9); id. Curc. 4, 1, 14 (475); id. Rud. prol. 33: partem cohortium propter mare collocat, Sisenn ap. Non. 367, 32: hic propter hunc assiste, Ter. Ad. 169: propter eam porticum situm erat dolium, Varr ap. Non. 367, 31: propter Platonis statuam consedimus, Cic. Brut. 6, 25: propter aliquem assidere, id. Rep. 1, 11, 17 (cited ap. Non. 367, 28): insulae propter Siciliam, id. N. D. 3, 22, 55: propter aquae rivum, Lucr. 2, 30; Verg. E. 8, 87.—Following its case: viam propter, Tac. A. 15, 47: hostem propter, id. ib. 4, 48.—
  • B Trop., in stating a cause.
  • • 1 On account of, by reason of, from, for, because of (syn. ob; the predom. signif. of the word): parere legibus propter metum, Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34; cf.: propter metum poenae, id. Sest. 46, 99: propter eam ipsam causam, id. de Or. 1, 16, 72: propter frigora frumenta in agris matura non erant, Caes. B. G. 1, 16: propter humanitatem, Cic. Att. 7, 5, 2: is propter morbum exire non potuit, Auct. Her. 1, 11, 19: excusato languore faucium propter quem non adesset, Suet. Ner. 41; id. Aug. 8; Sall. J. 23, 1: bidentes propter viam facere, to sacrifice on account of a journey, Laber, ap. Non. 53, 26; cf.: propter viam fit sacrificium quod est proficiscendi gratiā, Herculi aut Sanco, Fest. p. 229 Müll.; Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 62 (150): propter injuriam, to avoid injury, Pall. 12, 13: propter hoc, propter quod, on that account, for which reason, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 14; Col. 1, 6, 18: propter me, te, etc., on my, thy account, etc., as far as I (you, etc.) are concerned, = mea causā, or per me: egon propter me illam decipi miseram sinam? Ter. And. 271; id. Eun. 744: non est aequom me propter vos decipi, id. Phorm. 927: di numquam propter me de caelo descendent, Liv. 6, 18, 9.—
    • 2 Through, by means of (rare).
    • • a Referring to persons in whom lies the cause of a thing: te propter tuam Matrem non posse habere hanc uxorem domi, Ter. Hec. 677: propter quos vivit, through whom he lives, to whom he owes life, Cic. Mil. 22, 58: lugere eum, propter quem ceteri laetarentur, id. ib. 30, 81; 34, 93.—
      • b To things by means of which any thing takes place: quid enim refert, utrum propter oves, an propter aves fructus capias? Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 11.— Placed after its case: quod propter studium cum rem neglegere familiarem videretur, Cic. Sen. 7, 22; id. Pis. 7, 15; id. Att. 10, 4, 1 al.: suctum propter lactis, Plin. 10, 40, 56, § 115: quam propter tantos potui perferre labores, Verg. A. 12, 177.

propter (v. prope st. propiter), I) Adv., daneben, nahe dabei, in der Nähe, propter est spelunca, Cic.: filii propter cubantes, Cic.: voluptates propter intueri, Cic.: cum duo reges cum maximis copiis propter adsint, Cic. – II) Praep. mit Acc.: A) eig., im Raume, neben, neben daran, nahe bei, hart an, insulae propter Siciliam, Cic.: propter urbem, Cic.: propter castra praetergredi, Auct. b. Afr.: propter aquam, am Wasser, Liv. – B) auf andere Verhältnisse übtr.: 1) zur Angabe des Grundes, wegen, aus, durch, propter metum, Cic.: propter eam ipsam causam, Cic.: propter frigora, Caes.: so namentlich propter viam facere bidenti, der Reise wegen opfern, Laber. com. fr.; u. weil bei diesem Opfer alles übrige verbrannt wurde, scherzhaft = um das Seine kommen, Cato fr.: so auch propter viam illi sunt vocati ad prandium, sind um das Ihrige gekommen, Plaut. – bei Pers., propter quos vivit, durch die er lebt, Cic. – 2) um eine Beziehung, Rücksicht auszudrücken, in Rücksicht auf, wegen, propter serpentes, Pallad.: propter hoc, Varro u. Plin. ep., od. propter id, Plin. ep., od. propter quod, Colum., od. propter quae, Quint., deswegen. – bei Pers., in metu esse propter te unum, Cic.: propter quem (dem zu Gefallen) voluptatis loco habuit m. folg. Infin., Val. Max. – ➳ propter m. Genet., Fulgent. ed. Helm p. 8, 14; 18, 4; 20, 15; 132, 2. – propter wird auch seinem Casus nachgesetzt, quem propter, Cic.: hostem propter, Tac.; vgl. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 1, 3, 100. Hildebr. Apul. met. 8, 13 extr. p. 689 (b).

propter [CL] 1 (as adv.) close at hand, nearby. Licitfeld est villa exigua . ‥ nemorosa circa regio, rivulus aque ~er fluit W. Malm. GP IV 172. 2 (as prep.) near, close to, in the neighbourhood of. b (w. sense of motion) near to, towards. gemitus atque suspiria sanctorum ~er te corporaliter versantium Gildas EB 32; has ij terras tenuit W. comes, et geldab’ ~er Tedekesberie. ‥ hanc terram dedit regina Rogerio de B., et geldab’ pro iiij hid’ in Tedechesberie DB I 163va; Dani, relicta statione quam hiemandi gratia ~er Lundoniam ceperant, cum innumera classe ‥ portum Sandwicum subeunt Osb. V. Elph. 133.  b ~er veritatem et mansuetudinem et justiciam deduxit eum mirabiliter dextera Dei Lit. Cant. II 116. 3 because of, in view of, on account of, as a result or consequence of: a (in explanation of a state of affairs); b (in phr. ~er quid); c (in giving motive for an action); d (w. abl.); e (in giving grounds for an opinion or attitude); f (~er hoc foll. by quod) because. a eorum quis praeest si qui ~er ejus imperitiam vel desidiam seu adulationem perierint Gildas EB 110; dicuntur pentascemi ~er praedicta quina scemata Aldh. Met. 10 p. 88; si sint verbalia ‥ naturaliter producta, ~er mutam et liquidam breviari non possunt Abbo QG 2 (6); cum ‥ captivos in vinculis tenuissent, ~er quos ‥ pecuniam infinitam suscepisse potuerant Gir. EH I 13; s1330 captus fuit et decollatus, ~er quod ‥ barones ‥ in punctu magne dissensionis fuerant Avesb. f. 78b; qui credebant eum fuisse filium aurige, †proper [MS: propter] dictum unius fatui tempore suo (J. Bridl.) Pol. Poems I 133; si dispensacio fuerit illegitima ~er ordinem juris omissum J. Burgh PO VII 9 f. 119.  b non cognoscuntur ista propria cognicione ~er quid Duns Ord. I 23; hec demonstracio probans mundum esse unicum, est ~er quid. habet ‥ causam pro medio termino, et ideo dat nobis scienciam hujus rei cum sua causa, et ipse est perfectissimus modorum Bradw. CD 11A; c1430 aliquid dicere ‥ quod ‥ penes dialeticum ‥ amplius sophistice quam ~er quid potissime demonstraret Reg. Whet. II 439.  c ~er metum Archelai filii Herodis habitavit in Nazareth Theod. Laterc. 7; ~er divinarum legum caeremonias ritusque paternae traditionis, spurcas ethnicorum culturas ‥ repudiarunt Aldh. Met. 2 p. 64; Deus ‥ ~er merita sanctorum ‥ nostrae fragilitati parcit Bede Gen. 110; abbas ‥ ten’ unam hidam, quam praefectus villae hujus ~er inimicitiam quandam ab isto manerio abstulit DB I 32rb; Romani ~er thesaurum S. Petri et invidiam simul tulerunt Leoni pape oculos et linguam olim (Jud. Dei XII 1) GAS 420; judici ‥ querenti quare [illum occiderunt], secundus Anglicum suum expendidit, dicens “~er denarium in bursa” Latin Stories 128; s1345 remansit ‥ ~er festa et ~er procuracionem quindecim florenorum Ad. Mur. Chr. 192.  d 751 attamen in eo quod a te ~er zelo fidei actum est, a Domino Deo nostro indulgentiam postulemus (Lit. Papae) Ep. Bonif. 87 p. 199.  e merito beatissimum dicebam Petrum ob Christi integram confessionem, at Judam infelicissimum ~er cupiditatis amorem Gildas EB 1 p. 26; infaustus ille annus ‥ tam ~er apostasiam regum Anglorum ‥ quam ~er vaesanam Brettonici regis tyrannidem Bede HE III 1; maxime cum gentium philosophi ~er supradictam causam septenarium Minerve adtribuerint Abbo QG 22 (49); 1331 vellemus ‥ quod hujusmodi littere ‥ dupplicarentur ~er eventus inopinatos Lit. Cant. I 390.  f de alia domo quae jacet in Brunlei ~er hoc tantum quod praepositus de ipsa villa fuit amicus hominis illius qui hanc domum habebat DB I 30ra; Templarii et Hospitalarii ‥ multum perturbant conversionem infidelium ‥ ~er hoc quod [vo]lunt omnino dominari Bacon Maj. III 121. 4 through the instrumentality or to the accompaniment of, by means of, with. ~er crebra compunctionis suspiria imis praecordiorum ilibus prolata graviter ingemescant Aldh. VirgP 14; ~er venenata horrentis chelidri flabra calamitosum vulgus ingenti strage catervatim trucidabatur Ib. 52 p. 309; alius ‥ insinuando quod [cibum et potum] emere vellet, debuit venditoribus dicere “~er denarium in bursa” Latin Stories 128. 5 (w. something considered as an end or object) because of, for the sake of, for the purpose of, for. b (w. gd. or gdv.); c (w. inf.). d (expressing the direct purpose of a vb.). Naboth innocens ~er paternam vineam oppressus est Gildas EB 40; s655 ferventissimum ‥ amorem quem habet ~er beatam vitam (Lit. Papae) Bede HE III 29 p. 196; relicto imperio ~er Dominum regnumque perpetuum venit Romam Ib. V 7 p. 292; †903 (12c) ne perdamus vitam perpetuam ~er vanam hujus mundi gloriam CS 894; de duobus scolaribus sepulcrum Ovidii adeuntes [sic] ~er eruditionem Latin Stories 43 tit.; 1361 [archiepiscopus pie desiderans] incrementum salubre cleri regni nostri, ~er multiplicacionem doctrine salutaris Lit. Cant. II 409.  b huc ~er manendum ingrediens, equum ‥ alligavit ad parietem Bede CuthbP 5; coepit ‥ oppida, rura, ‥ vicos ‥ ~er evangelizandum ‥ peragrare Id. HE III 28 p. 195; dimid’ hidam, quam rex E. dedit ejus antecessori ‥ solutam ob omni consuetudine ~er forestam custodiendam DB I 61va; ~er Pelagianam heresim eradicandam Gir. GE I 23 p. 62; obtestor vos per misericordiam Dei, ~er quam adipiscendam ‥ hucusque venistis Found. Waltham 19; non solum ~er mala repellenda, sed ad promotionem quorumcunque utilium Bacon Maj. I 402; a1350 ~er ‥ vexaciones frequentes ‥ evitandas StatOx 18.  c perdere vellet eum [sc. decorem orbis] propter vitare periculum D. Bec. 1794; p1170 ~er me herbergare Ch. Westm. 383; interest ‥ curati ~er agnoscere vultum pecoris sui Conway Def. Mend. 1340; 1444 est necesse transmittere ‥ partes ‥ litterarum vestrarum ‥ ~er super hoc informare magis plane ‥ regem Lit. Cant. III 190.  d ~er hanc [sc. vetulam] se velle mittere asseruit, si rex adquiesceret G. Herw. f. 333b; videntes ‥ tanta ‥ pericula, ‥ ~er Anglorum regem Henricum ‥ patriarcham suum ‥ transmiserunt Gir. PI II 24; ibit ~er pulvillos ad opus abbatis, et reportabit in thesaurum Cust. Cant. Abbr. 257. 6 out of consideration for the interests of, for the sake of. pro sua simul et eorum ~er quos et ad quos venerant salute aeterna Bede HE I 25 p. 46; qualiter divina pietas locum istum ‥ respexit, illumque suis habitatoribus ‥ elegerit, quia non gentem ~er locum set locum ~er gentem elegit Chr. Dale 1; si curati non intersit ~er subditum Conway Def. Mend. 1340. 7 in regard to, in respect of, so far as concerns. si de hac re culpabilis es ‥ aut ~er actam culpam ‥ sciens factores juvisti (Jud. Dei XII 4. 2) GAS 420. 8 despite, notwithstanding. 1275 B. filius S. invenit [plegios] ‥ quod ~er moram suam London’ decennam suam semper sequeretur ‥ et quocienscunque dominus voluerit ad ipsum veniet (Tooting, Surr) SelPlMan 26.

proptĕr (6) (*propiter, prope),

I adv., à côté, auprès, à proximité : propter est spelunca Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 107, à côté se trouve une caverne, cf. Cic. Pomp. 13 ; Nat. 2, 120, etc.

II prép. acc., ¶ 1 à côté de, près de : propter Platonis statuam Cic. Br. 23, à côté, auprès de la statue de Platon, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 96 ; Tusc. 1, 104 ; Nat. 3, 55, etc. ¶ 2 à cause de : propter metum Cic. Par. 34, par crainte ; propter eam ipsam causam Cic. de Or. 1, 92, pour cette raison précisément ; propter multitudinem illorum hominum et quod... Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 93, à cause du grand nombre de ces habitants et parce que...; propter me Cic. Mil. 93, à cause de moi, cf. Cic. Mil. 58 ; 81 ; Amer. 63 || propter hoc Varro R. 3, 16, 14 ; propter quod Col. Rust. 1, 6, 18 ; quæ propter Varro L. 7, 37, à cause de cela || propter postposé : quem propter Cic. Pis. 15, à cause de qui, cf. Cic. CM 22 ; Att. 10, 4, 1 ; Virg. En. 12, 177.

propter . praep. acc. adv.
因爲。爲。近。— se 爲己。— quos vivit 所賴諸人以活。— metum 因惶故也。— ejus statuam 挨其石像。— aquae rivum 近水溪。Erat propter 時彼近。

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propter (1) adv.

• prope, near, hard by, at hand: ibi angiportum propter est, T.: cum duo reges propter adsint: duo filii propter cubantes: cornix volans, Ph.

propter (2) praep.with acc.

• 1 propter, near, hard by, next to, close to: hic propter hunc adsiste, T.: qui propter te sedit: insulae propter Siciliam. —Fig., on account of, by reason of, for the sake of, through, in view of, from, for, because of: is non tam propter Verrem laborat, quam quod, etc.: propter socios: di numquam propter me de caelo descendent, L.: parere legibus propter metum: propter frigora frumenta matura non erant, Cs.: propter loci naturam, S.: cubilia propter Pugnabant, H.—Through, by means of, on account of: propter tuam Matrem habere hanc uxorem, T.: propter quos vivit, to whom he owes life: quem propter urbs incensa non est: Quam propter perferre labores, V.