Sulpicius

Sulpĭcĭus, i, m.; Sulpĭcĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens; e. g.

• I Ser. Sulpicius Galba, consul 610 A.U.C., and an able orator, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 39; id. Brut. 22, 86.—
• II C. Sulpicius Gallus, a connoisseur in Greek literature, and a good orator, Cic. Brut. 20, 78; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Lael. 27, 101.—
• III Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, a very celebrated jurist, a contemporary and correspondent of Cicero; v. Cic. Fam. 4, 1 sqq.; Gell. 2, 10, 1; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 42 sq.—
• IV C. Sulpicius Apollinaris, a grammarian, teacher of the emperor Pertinax, Gell. 2, 16, 8; 4, 17, 11.—
• V A tribune of the people, author of the lex Sulpicia, Nep. Att. 2, 1; Vell. 2, 18. —
• VI Sulpicia, a Roman poetess in the time of Domitian, Mart. 10, 35, 1; Sid. Carm. 9, 262.—Hence,
• • A Sulpĭcĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Sulpicius: horrea, Hor. C. 4, 12, 18: lex, proposed by the people’s tribune P.Sulpicius, Flor. 3, 21.—
  • B Sul-pĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Sulpicius: classis, commanded by the praetor P. Sulpicius, Caes. B. C. 3, 101: seditio, raised by P. Sulpicius, Quint. 6, 3, 75.

Sulpicius, a, um, Name einer röm. gens, aus der am bekanntesten Serv. Sulpicius Rufus, ein großer Jurist zur Zeit Ciceros, Konsul mit M. Marcellus, Verfasser mehrerer Briefe an Cicero in Cic. epp. u. (viell.) dessen Sohn, Hor. sat. 1, 10, 86. – außerdem Sulpicia, eine Dichterin unter Kaiser Domitian, berühmt durch die Treue gegen ihren Gatten Kalenus, Mart. 10, 35, 1. Auson. edyll. 13. epil. p. 146, 15 Schenkl. Sidon. carm. 9, 262. – Adi. sulpicisch, horrea, Hor.: lex, vom Volkstribunen P. Sulpicius verfaßt, wodurch der Oberbefehl gegen Mithridates von Sulla auf Marius übertragen werden sollte, Flor. – Dav. Sulpiciānus, a, um, sulpicianisch, classis, vom Prätor P. Sulpicius befehligte, Caes.: seditio, vom Volkstribunen P. Sulpicius erregter, Quint.

Sulpĭcĭus, (9) nom dʼune famille romaine ; not^t  : Ser. Sulpicius Galba, orateur : Cic. Br. 86 || C. Sulpicius Gallus, orateur : Cic. Br. 78 ; Læl. 101 || Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, juriste, correspondant de Cic.  : Cic. Fam. 4, 1 sqq. || un tribun de la plèbe, auteur de la loi Sulpicia : Nep. Att. 2, 1 || -cĭus, a, um, de Sulpicius : Hor. O. 4, 12, 18 || -cĭānus, a, um, Cæs. C. 3, 101, 4 ; Quint. 6, 3, 75.

Sulpicius Galba, P.

1. P. Sulpicius, SER. F. P. N. Galba Maximus. was elected consul for the year B. C. 211, although he had never before held any curule magistracy. He entered upon his office on the ides of March, and both the consuls.of that year had Appulia as their province; but as the senate no longer apprehended much from Hannibal and the Carit was decreed that one of the consuls only should remain in Appulia, and that the other should have Macedonia for his province. When lots where drawn as to which was to leave Appulia, P. Sulpicius Galba obtained Macedonia, in the operations against which he succeeded M. Valerius Laevinus. At the close of his consulship his imperium was prolonged for another year, but owing to the boasting report which Laevinus had made of his own achievements, Sulpicius Galba was ordered to disband his army, and retained the command of only one legion and of the socii navales, i. e. of the fleet, and a sum of money was placed at his disposal to supply the wants of his forces. During this year, B. C. 210, Sulpicius Galba nacould do but little, and all we know is, that he took the island of Aegina, which was plundered and given to the Aetolians, who were allied with the Romans, and that he in vain tried to relieve Echinus, which was besieged by Philip of Macedonia. For the year B. C. 209, his imperium was again prolonged, with Macedonia and Greece as his province. Besides the Aetolians the Romans had contrived to ally themselves also with Attalus against Philip. The Aetolians in the battle of Lamia were assisted by 1000 Romans, whom Galba had sent to them, while he himself was stationed at Naupactus. When Philip appeared at Dyme, on his march against Elis, Galba had landed with fifteen of his ships on the northern coast of Peloponnesus, and his soldiers were ravaging and plundering the country; but Philip's sudden arrival compelled them to return to their station at Naupactus. As Philip, however, was obliged to go back to Macedonia, which was threatened with an invasion by some of the neighbouring barbarians, Galba sailed to Aegina, where he joined the fleet of Attalus, and where both took up their winter-quarters.

In the spring of B. C. 208, Galba and Attalus, with their united fleets, amounting to sixty ships, sailed to Lemnos, and, while Philip exerted all his resources to prepare himself for any emergency, Attalus made an attack upon Peparethus, and then crossed with Galba over to Nicaea. From thence they proceeded to Euboea, to attack the town of Oreus, which was occupied by a Macedonian garrison, but was treacherously delivered up to Galba. Elated by this easy conquest he made also an attempt upon Chalcis; but he soon found that would have to contend with insurmountable difficulties, and sailed to Cynus, a port-town of Locris. In the meantime Attalus was driven by Philip out of Phocis, and, on the report that Prusias had invaded his kingdom, he went to Asia. Galba then returned to Aegina, and remained in Greece for several years, without doing any thing worth noticing. The Romans afforded no efficient assistance to the Aetolians, not even after the fall of Hasdrubal, which considerably lessened their care about the safety of Italy. The Aetolians had to act for themselves as well as they could.

In B. C. 204 Galba was recalled from Greece, and succeeded by the proconsul, P. Sempronius. In the year following he was appointed dictator for the purpose of holding the comitia, and summoning Cn. Servilius from Sicily. In B. C. 200, the year in which war again broke out, Galba was made consul a second time, and obtained Macedonia as his province. The people at Rome were highly dissatisfied with a fresh war being undertaken, before they had been able to recover from the sufferings of the Carthaginian one; but the senate and Galba carried their plan, and the war against Philip was decreed. Galba was permitted to select from the army which Scipio had brought back from Africa all those that were willing to serve again, but none of those veterans were to be compelled. After having selected his men and his ships, he sailed from Brundusium to the opposite coast. On his arrival he met Athenian ambassadors, who implored his protection against the Macedonians, and he at once sent C. Claudius Centho with 20 ships and 1000 men to their assistance. But as the autumn was approaching when Galba arrived in his province, he took up his winter-quarters in the neighbourhood of Apollonia. In the spring of B. C. 199, he advanced with his army through the country of the Dassaretii, and all the towns and villages on his road surrendered to him, some few only being taken by force. The Romans, as well as Philip, were ignorant of the movements which each was making, until the outposts of the two armies met by accident, and a skirmish took place between them. The hostile annies then encamped at some distance from each other, and several minor engagements took place, in one of which the Romans sustained considerable loss. Hereupon a regular battle of the cavalry followed, in which the Romans were again beaten, but the Macedonians, who were hasty in their pursuit of the enemy, suddenly found themselves attacked on their flanks, and were put to flight, during which Philip nearly lost his life. These engagements occurred near the passes of Eordea. Immediately after this defeat Philip sent a messenger to Galba to sue for a truce; the Roman deferred his decision till the next day, but in the night following Philip and his army secretly left the camp, without the Romans knowing in what direction the king had gone. After having stayed for a few days longer, Galba marched towards Pluvina, and then encamped on the banks of the river Osphagus, not far from the place where the king had taken up his post. Here again the Romans spent their time in petty conquests, and nothing decisive was done, and in the autumn Galba went back with his army to Apollonia.

For the year following T. Villius Tappulus was elected consul, with Macedonia as his province, and Galba returned to Rome. In B. C. 197, he and Villius Tappulus were appointed legates to T. Quintius Flamininus in Macedonia, and in the next year, when it was decreed at Rome that tell commissioners should be sent to arrange with Flamininus the affairs between Rome and Macedonia, Galba and Tappulus were ordered to act as two of those commissioners. In B. C. 193, Galba and Tappulus were sent as ambassadors to Antiochus; they first went to Eumenes at Pergamus, as they had been ordered, who urged the Romans to begin the war against Antiochus at once. For a short time Galba was detained at Pergamus by illness, but he was soon restored and went to Ephesus, where, instead of Antiochus, they found Minion, whom the king had deputed with full power. The result of the transactions was the war with Antiochus. This is the last event recorded of Galba, in whose praise we have very little to say, and whose conduct in Greece, in connection with the Aetolians, greatly contributed to the demoralisation of the Greeks. (Liv. 25.41, xxvi.l, 28, 27.7, 10, 22, 31-33, 28.5-7, 29.12, 30.24, 31.4-8, 14, 22, 27, 33-40, 32.28, 33.24, 34.59, 35.13, 14, 16; Plb. 8.3, 9.6, &c., 42, 10.41, 16.24, 18.6, 23.3; Appian, Maced. 2, &c.; Eutrop. 3.14; Oros. 4.17.)

Sulpi'cius Apollina'ris

a contemporary of A. Gellius, was a learned grammarian, whom Gellius frequently cites with the greatest respect. He calls him, on one occasion " vir praestanti literarum scientia," and on another, " homo memoriae nostrae doctissimus." (Gel. 2.16, 4.17, 13.17, 15.5.) There are two poems in the Latin Anthology, purporting to be written by Sulpicius of Carthage, whom some writers identify with the above-named Sulpicius Apollinaris. One of these poems consists of seventy-two lies, giving the argument of the twelve books of Virgil's Aeneid, six lines being devoted to each book (Anthol. Lat. Nos. 222, 223, ed. Meyer ; Donatus, Vita Virgilii). The contemporary of Gellius is probably the same person as the Sulpicius Apollinaris who taught the emperor Pertinax in his youth. (Capitol. Pertin. 1.)

Sulpi'cius Asper

[Asper.]

Sulpi'cius Flavus

[Flavus.]

Sulpi'cius Lupercus Servastus

a Latin poet. Works Poems

Two poems are extant; an elegy, De Cupiditate, in forty-two lines, and a sapphic ode, De Vetustate, in twelve lines. Editions

Both poems are printed in Wernsdorf's Poetae Latini Minors, vol. iii. pp. 235, &100.408. Nothing is known of the author.

Sulpi'cius Rufus

1. Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, was consular tribune three times. namely in B. C. 388, 384, and 383. (Liv. 6.4, 18, 21.)

Sulpi'cius Rufus

2. P. Sulpicius Rufus, tribune of the plebs, B. C. 88. He was born in B. C. 124, as he was ten years older than Hortensius. (Cic. Brut. 88.) He was one of the most distinguished orators of his time. Cicero, who had heard him, frequently speaks of him in terms of the highest admiration. He says that Sulpicius and Cotta were. beyond comparison, the greatest orators of their age. " Sulpicius," he states, " was, of all the orators I ever heard, the most dignified, and, so to speak, the most tragic. His voice was powerful, and at the same time sweet and clear; the gestures and movements of his body were graceful; but he appeared, nevertheless, to have been trained for the forum and not for the stage; his language was rapid and flowing, and yet not redundant or diffuse." (Brut. 55.) He commenced public life as a supporter of the aristocratical party, and soon acquired great influence in the state by his splendid talents, while he was still young. He was an intimate friend of M. Livius Drusus, the celebrated tribune of the plebs, and the aristocracy placed great hopes in him. (Cic. de Orat. 1.7.) In B. C. 94, he accused of majestas C. Norbanus, the turbulent tribune of the plebs, who was defended by M. Antonius and was acquitted. [Norbanus, No. 1.] In B. C. 93 he was quaestor, and in B. C. 89 he served as legate of the consul Cn. Pompeius Strabo in the Marsic war. In the following year, B. C. 88, he was elected to the tribunate through the influence of the aristocratical party. The consuls of the year were L. Cornelius Sulla and Q. Pompeius Rufus, the latter of whom was a personal friend of Sulpicius. (Cic. Lael. 1.) At first Sulpicius did not disappoint the expectations of his party. In conjunction with his colleague, P. Antistius, he resisted the attempt of C. Julius Caesar to become a candidate for the consulship before he had filled the office of praetor, and he also opposed the return from exile of those who had been banished. (Cic. Brut. 63, de Harusp. Resp. 20 ; Ascon. in Scaur. p. 20, ed. Orelli; Cic. ad Herenn. 2.28.) But Sulpicius shortly afterwards joined Marius, and placed himself at the head of the popular party. The causes of this sudden change are not expressly stated by the ancient writers; but we are told that he was overwhelmed with debt; and there can be little doubt that he was bought by Marius, and that the latter promised him great wealth as soon as he obtained the command of the war against Mithridates. The history of the rogations which Sulpicius brought forward in favour of Marius and his party, and against Sulla, is fully related in the lives of those persons. [Marius, p. 957; Sulla, p. 936.] It is only necessary to state here, that when the law was passed which conferred upon Marius the command of the Mithridatic war, Sulla, who was then at Nola, marched upon Rome at the head of his army. Marius and Sulpicius had no means of resisting him, and were obliged to fly from the city. They were both declared public enemies by the senate, at the command of Sulla, along with ten others of their party.

Marius succeeded in making his escape to Africa, but Sulpicius was discovered in a villa, and put to death. The slave who betrayed him was rewarded with his freedom, and then hurled down from the Tarpeian rock. (Appian, App. BC 1.58, 60) ; Plut. Sull. 10 ; Cic. de Orat. 3.3, Brut. 63 ; Liv. Epit. 77 ; Vell. 2.18.)

Although Sulpicius was such a distinguished orator, he left no orations behind him. Cicero says that he had often heard Sulpicius declare that he was not accustomed, and was unable, to write. It is true there were some speeches extant under his name, but they were written after his death by P. Canutius. (Cic. Brut. 56.) [Canutius.] Sulpicius is one of the speakers in Cicero's dialogue, De Oratore. (Ahrens, Die Drei Volkstribunen, Tib. Gracchus, M. Drusus, und P. Sulpicius, Leipzig, 1836; Meyer, Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta, pp. 343-347, 2d ed.; Drumann, Geschichte Roms, vol. ii. pp. 435, 436.)

Sulpi'cius Rufus

3. P. Sulpicius Rufus, probably a son or grandson of No. 2, was one of Caesar's legates in Gaul. He also served under Caesar as one of his legates in the campaign in Spain against Afranius and Petreius, in B. C. 49; and in the following year, B. C. 48, he was rewarded for his services by the praetorship. In the latter year he commanded Caesar's fleet at Vibo, when it was attacked by C. Cassius. Cicero addresses him in B. C. 45 as imperator. It appears that he was at that time in Illyricum, along with Vatinius. (Caes. Gal. 4.22, B. C. 1.74, 3.101; Cic. Fam. 13.77.)

Sulpi'cius Rufus

4. Ser. Sulpicius Lemonia Rufus, the celebrated jurist. See below.

Sulpi'cius Rufus

5. Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, the son of No. 4. was one of the subscriptores of his father's accusation against Murena in B. C. 63. (Cic. pro Mur. 26, 27.) On the breaking out of the civil war, in B. C. 49, he joined his father in espousing Caesar's side, and is frequently mentioned at that time in Cicero's correspondence. He survived his father, who died in B. C. 43. (Cic. Att. 9.18, 19, 10.14, ad Fam. 4.2, Philipp. 9.5.)

Sulpi'cius Rufus

6. Sulpicius Rufus, who was ludi procurator, that is, the person who had the charge of the public games, was slain by the emperor Claudius because he was privy to the marriage of Silius and Messalina. (Tac. Ann. 11.35.)

Sulpi'cius Seve'rus

[Severus.]

Sulpi'cius Tertullus

[Tertullus.]

Sulpi'cius Victor

[Victor.]

Sulpicius Sulpicius, Roman general

• sacks Dyme: Paus. 7.17.5