Tryphon

• A surgeon, Cels. 6, 5; 7 praef.—
• II A king in Syria, Just. 36, 1, 7; 38, 9, 3; 39, 1, 3.—
• III A surname of Ptolemy Philopator, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 208. —
• IV A publisher of Rome, Quint. ad Tryph. 1 sqq.; Mart. 4, 72, 2; 13, 3, 4.

(Τρύφων), literary.

1. Of Alexandria, the son of Ammonius, a grammarian and poet, lived before and during the reign of Augustus (Suid. s. v.). Works

A long list of his works, in almost every department of grammar, is given by Suidas, and an account of several of them, which exist in MS., will be found in Fabricius. Further Information

Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 351, comp. pp. 165, 192, 319, 321, 381, and vol. i. p. 526.

2. The son of Hermes, the author of an epigram in the Greek Anthology. on the sudden death of the harp-player Terpes, who was killed in the Scias of Sparta, by having a fig thrown into his open mouth. There is a passage of Suidas (s. v. Γλυκὺ μέλι καὶ πνιξάτω), which makes it all but certain that the Terpes of the epigram is no other than the celebrated Terpander, and that the epigram refers to a traditional account of his death, in which, as in similar stories of the end of other poets, even the manner of his decrease was made symbolical of the sweetness of his compositions. Respecting Tryphon himself we have no further information. (Brunck. Anal. vol. ii. p. 451 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iii. p. 157, vol. x. p. 296, vol. xiii. p. 963.)

3. See Diodorus Tryphon, Vol. I. p. 1017b.

4. Tryphon the Jew, whose name appears in Justin's well-known dialogue, hardly falls within the limits of this work. All the particulars respecting him which are necessary for understanding Jerome, and they are very few, will be found in the dialogue itself (See also Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 62.) [P.S]

(Τρύφων), artists.

1. An eminent engraver of precious stones, whose beryl, engraved with a figure of the sea-nymph Galene, is mentioned in an epigram by Addaeus (No. 6, Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 242), who appears to have lived in the time of Alexander the Great and his successors. There is a very celebrated gem by him in the collection of the Duke of Marlborough, representing the reconciliation of Eros and Psyche (Bracci, 2.114), of which there are several copies; one of the best of these is in the Museum at Naples (Visconti, Op. Var. vol. ii. p. 192, No. 114). There is also a carnelian, engraved with a figure of Eros riding on a lion, bearing the inscription ΤΡΥΦΩΝ, in the Museum of the Hague (De Jonge, Notice, p. 148, No. 16); and another gem, mentioned by Raspe (Catal. de Tassie, No. 15454), with the inscription ΤΡΥΦΩΝ ΕΠΟΙΕΙ. His name also occurs on another gem, in the Museum of the Hague (De Jonge, p. 151, No. 12; Caylus, Recueil, v. pl. liii. No. 5, p. 148); but in this case the inscription is certainly a modern forgery. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 157. 158.)

2. An architect, of Alexandria, who flourished in the time of Demetrius Poliorcetes, and distinguished himself in the defence of Apollonia, by the invention of an ingenious plan of countermining. (Vitr. 10.22. s. 16.10, Schneider.) [P.S]

(Τρύφων).

1. A surgeon, who lived at Rome shortly before the time of Celsus, that is. probably in the first century B. C. (Cels. De Med. 6.5, 7.1. pp. 117, 137.) As Celsius calls him "Tryphon pater," there would seem to have been another medical man of the same name, who lived somewhat later. This is perhaps also implied by Galen when he speaks of Τρύφων ὁ ἀρχαῖος (De Compos. Medicum. sec. Loc. 7.3. vol. xii. p. 843), who may perhaps be the same person as the " Tryphon pater" of Celsus, and who is certainly the surgeon quoted by Scribonius Largus (De Compos Medicam. 69.201. p. 227. Cf. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. 4.13. vol. xiii. p. 745) and apparently his tutor (ibid. c. 44.175. p. 222), and perhaps also the physician mentioned by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb. Chron. 1.4. p. 323). Tryphon, the native of Gortyna in Create. who is quoted by Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. 9.2. vol. xiii. pp. 246, 253) is also perhaps the same person; but the writer on gymnastics, mentioned by Galen (Ad Thrasyb. de Medicet Gymnast. 100.47. vol. v. p. 898) probably lived earlier.

2. The physician introduced by Plutarch as one of the speakers in his Symposiaca (3.1.2, 3 ; 2.1, 2), if he was a real personage, lived in the first century after Christ. [W.A.G]

(Διόδοτος ὁ Τρύφων), a usurper of the throne of Syria during the reign of Demetrius II. Nicator. After the death of Alexander Balas in B. C. 146, Tryphon first set up Antiochus, the infant son of Balas, as a pretender against Demetrius; but in B. C. 142 by murdered Antiochus and reigned as king himself. Tryphon was defeated and put to death by Antiochus Sidetes, the brother of Demetrius, B. C. 139, after a reign of three years. For details and authorities, see Demetrius II., p. 967.

one of the leaders of the revolted slaves in Sicily, had been accustomed to play on the flute in the orgies of the women, and was supposed to have a knowledge of divination, for which reason he was elected king by the slaves in B. C. 103. He displayed considerable abilities, and in a short time collected an army of 20,000 foot and 2000 horse, with which he laid siege to Morgantina, a strong city in Sicily. The propraetor P. Licinius Nerva obtained possession of the camp of the slaves by surprise, but was afterwards defeated by Salvius. After this victory Salvius assumed all the pomp of royalty. He administered justice in the toga praetexta, surrounded himself with lictors, and took the surname of Tryphon. probably because it had been borne by Diodotus, the usurper of the Syrian throne. He chose the strong fortress of Triocala as the seat of his new kingdom; and his power was still further strengthened by the submission of Athenion. who had been elected leader of the slaves in the western part of the island. The insurrection had now assumed such a formidable aspect, that the senate sent the propraetor L. Licinius Lucullus into Sicily in the following year (B. C. 102) with a force of 17,000 men, the greater part of which were regular Roman or Italian troops. Tryphon, however, did not hesitate to meet this force in the open field. Athenion, whom he had first thrown into prison through jealousy, but had afterwards released, fought under him with the greatest bravery, and was severely wounded in the battle. The slaves were defeated with great slaughter, and Tryphon was obliged to take refuge in Triocala. But Lucullus, whether from incapacity or treachery. failed in taking the place, and returned to Rome without effecting any thing more. Lucullus was succeeded by C. Servilius; and on the death of Tryphon, about the same time, the kingdom of the slaves devolved upon Athenion, who was not subdued till B. C. 101. (Diod. Eclog. ex lib. XXXVI. p. 533, foll. ed. Wess.; Flor. 3.19.)

(Τρύφων). (1) Diodŏtus, a usurper of the throne of Syria during the reign of Demetrius II. Nicator. After the death of Alexander Balas in B.C. 146, Tryphon first set up Antiochus, the infant son of Balas, as a pretender against Demetrius, but in 142 he murdered Antiochus and reigned as king himself. Tryphon was defeated and put to death by Antiochus Sidetes, the brother of Demetrius, in 139, after a reign of three years (see Demetrius II.).

(2) Salvius, one of the leaders of the revolted slaves in Sicily, was supposed to have a knowledge of divination, for which reason he was elected king by the slaves in 103. He displayed considerable abilities, and in a short time collected an army of 20,000 foot and 2000 horse, with which he defeated the propraetor P. Licinius Nerva. After this victory Salvius assumed all the pomp of royalty, and took the surname of Tryphon, probably because it had been borne by Diodotus, the usurper of the Syrian throne. He chose the strong fortress of Triocala as the seat of his new kingdom. Tryphon was defeated by L. Lucullus in 102, and was obliged to take refuge in Triocala. But Lucullus failed to take the place, and returned to Rome without effecting anything more. Lucullus was succeeded by C. Servilius; and on the death of Tryphon, about the same time, the kingdom devolved upon Athenion, who was not subdued till 101 (Flor. iii. 19).