Logeion (literally, a place for words; in
particular,
a speaker's platform, or an archive) was developed after the example of dvlf.uchicago.edu, to provide simultaneous
lookup
of entries in the many reference works that make up the Perseus Classical collection - and in the meantime, many others. As always, we are grateful
for the Perseus Project's generosity in sharing their data. None of this would be possible without their
commitment to open access. To enhance this site as both a research and a pedagogical tool, we add information
based on corpus data in the right side bar, as well as references to chapters in standard textbooks.
Update August 2025: It has been a while since this page has been updated, but contributors far and wide have not been sitting still. Especially check out the many links now in the Sidebar to the Lexeis project at Cornell (with thanks to Jeff Rusten and Ethan Della Rocca) and to the Kew Plants of the World Online database (with thanks to Francesca Michelone).
One set of links, however, you will now find front and center: Pleiades is now to be found among the main dictionary tabs in Logeion. Pleiades has established itself as the go-to website for geographic information about the ancient world and while reading a text, the location of a place will probably more important information to you as a reader than its declension! Many thanks to Pleiades and all its contributors, and to Yuk Sum Chan (BA 2025) for churning through the various spreadsheets and databases. Yuk Sum has also contributed crossreferences for DMLBS (shown as DMLBSx), so that, for instance, unthinkingly looking up a verb in the first person singular may still get you to an entry in DMLBS.
Update May 2024: Congratulations to Ineke Sluiter and the rest of the team: The dictionary Grieks-Nederlands is complete! We are delighted to present it here. The print edition comes out this month as well.
Thanks to our users and dedicated contributors, updates to our existing resources happen frequently. Just two items of note: LSJ users will see that citations of Plutarch's Moralia now feature essay titles, thanks to Jack Noutch. The relevant abbreviations can be found in the bibliography for Brill-Montanari. Also, the Logeion Sidebar now features external links to entries in Brill-Montanari and to the lexica of the Lexeis project at Cornell. We welcome suggestions for more such external links.
Update December 2023: It has been a while since the last update, and there is quite a bit of news: First off, many users have found Retro, Logeion's third dimension after the main screen and Μορφώ. Search for Greek and Latin from English with the help of Woodhouse for Greek and Riddle-Arnold for Latin. We have added some Logeion special sauce by allowing you to search within our short definitions as well as the English of LSJ and Lewis and Short. Many thanks to Fergus Walsh for contributing the Riddle-Arnold data, and most of all to Nathan Li (BA 2022) for building Retro.
Secondly, it is exciting to announce two new resources this month. A New Testament lexicon had long been missing from our collection. Of course, there are many sites that offer NT resources, but we are glad to have filled the gap in Logeion with Abbott-Smith, a lexicon in the public domain, painstakingly prepared by a team of volunteers. Probably the most remarkable addition, however, thanks to Christopher Francese's initiative at Dickinson College, is Gonçalves' Lexicon Magnum Latino-Sinicum, our first Chinese resource. See the bibliography below for (links to) further details. As with Retro, Nathan Li did the initial work on Abbott-Smith and Gonçalves. Walt Shandruk optimized the parsers and churned through our textual corpus to freshen up frequency data.
Update November 2022: At Logeion, we aim to provide access to Greek and Latin resources for everyone everywhere. Most of the reference works in our collection are older and in the public domain. We are grateful for the exceptions: DGE, LMPG, DMLBS, LaNe, GrNe… Nobody enjoys paywalls, or separate walled gardens, yet at the same time we do hold ourselves, our colleagues, and our students accountable for consulting up-to-date scholarship.
We are, therefore, delighted to have reached an agreement with the Brill publishing house that allows us to present some of their content here: we can now include on our site the contents for the letter Λ of The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek, the 2015 English translation of Prof. Franco Montanari’s Vocabolario della Lingua Greca.
In addition, you can buy a print copy of the Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek with a special Logeion discount code.
If enough people do so, gradually more letters of the dictionary will be released for all users. So we are hoping for a show of generosity from many users, some of whom already have access paid for by their institutions, but who appreciate our efforts to make the dictionary more widely available, or, just selfishly, appreciate the ease of working with dictionaries in Logeion.
Details: The letter labda is now available! Buy a copy, and enter discount code 71518 at check-out. It would be lovely to see proud new owners with ‘receipts’ tagging @LogeionGkLat and @Brill_Classics!
There's more: These entries in the letter Λ are not the only good news. Welcome to Nathan Li, BA/MA 2022, who has squashed quite a few bugs and written the scripts to ingest more than just Greek (watch this space, as they say.. ut dicunt apud nostrates, ὥς φασιν οἱ βάρβαροι - as you type in an English word!).
Update August 2021: This release adds Cunliffe's Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect, including the
supplement of proper names. Gregory Crane of the Perseus Project made this lexicon available; Ethan Della Rocca
wrote the script to include it in Logeion. Bailly has seen substantive updates.
Update May 2021: You should notice some changes in our color scheme and in layout of dictionary
entries. Slater's Lexicon to Pindar now looks better thanks to Jeremy March's help (Jeremy is the person behind
philolog.us). Further, with many thanks to the
team that brought us Gaffiot 2016, we are adding Bailly 2020 (Greek-French). Meanwhile, we were alerted to the digitized Pape
(Greek-German) by Philipp Roelli, with corrections by André Charbonnet, adding a new language to our repertoire.
Special thanks again to Mark de Wilde for keeping us informed about
these developments and helping us troubleshoot, and to Philippe Verkerk, the maker of Eulexis. Locally, Walt Shandruk worked on
integrating these new dictionaries; Josh Day remains the one who keeps Logeion running for us all.
Update September 2018: Welcome to the beta release of Logeion 2, built by Philip Posner, Ethan Della
Rocca
and Josh Day. Enjoy! Do go for a ride on the inverse word wheel.
Update March 2017: We are delighted to announce the advent of two new resources. First of all, a team
of
scholar volunteers led by Gérard Gréco has worked to make Gaffiot's famous 1934 Dictionnaire Latin Français available in digital and
updated form (including frequency data and updated standard citations for texts, among many other things), and
we
are delighted to incorporate this work, Gaffiot 2016, in Logeion. Many thanks to Gérard Gréco and also to
Mark de Wilde for helping us to work out our formatting problems.
In addition, from Spain, we are delighted to add LMPG en línea,
the
digitized version of the lexicon for magic and religion in the Greek magical papyri originally published in
2001.
Do visit the project's homepage to see the fuller array of functions
available there. Many thanks, as always, to Prof. Somolinos and his team.
Update January 2016: We are delighted to announce the advent of the Dictionary
of Medieval Latin from British Sources in Logeion. Many thanks to the British
Academy (specifically, its Projects committee and its DMLBS committee), and in particular to the editor of
DMLBS,
Richard Ashdowne, for making this happen. We are thrilled to add another newly-released resource on the
Latin side. Academic users: please do urge your libraries to purchase print copies of DMLBS (and DGE!), if they
have not yet done so.
Many thanks to Matt Shanahan, Josh Day, and XSLT wizard Alex Lee for their help in bringing DMLBS to Logeion.
The Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources is the work of a century-long British Academy
project, based first in London and then at the University of Oxford, that ran from 1913 to the completion of the
printed dictionary in 2013. The DMLBS has been based wholly on original research and it documents the
vocabulary of Latin in medieval Britain from the sixth to the sixteenth centuries. The DMLBS is a
copyright
work and the text appears on the Logeion site under licence from the British Academy, to whom we express our
thanks.
Users will find the following resources at the DMLBS project website helpful: A user's guide to the dictionary, the bibliography and notes to the bibliography, and
guidelines for citing DMLBS (bottom of page).
Hellenists also have reason to rejoice: The Woordenboek
Grieks/Nederlands, a Dutch project in progress, has made its finished letter ranges available to us. We
thank
the editors-in-chief, Ineke Sluiter, Albert Rijksbaron, and Ton Kessels, and their project
coordinator, Lucien van Beek.A full roster of
the team of writers and editors, and further information about the project, can be found on its website. At
Logeion we believe that all users stand to benefit from up-to-date Greek dictionaries such as DGE and
Grieks/Nederlands, regardless of their mother tongue. This is the first dictionary that Walt Shandruk has
handled for Logeion; and while it takes skill to adapt third-party data, Walt has dealt with that but also
confronted third-party code - with aplomb. Many thanks.
In other news, BWL, which is derived from a useful Dutch resource for intermediate Latin students, and
illustrates important constructions and idiomatic usages of the most frequent Latin words, now features
translations for its example sentences. This was a long-time desideratum, and we thank Rebekah Spearman
for
doing the last push that this project needed. She, however, cannot be held responsible for all the thousands of
translated sentences! Please send your comments our way if you encounter problems. The other existing
dictionaries, too, have seen the usual additional cleanup of infelicities in the original data entry process.
Many
thanks to all users who pointed out errors. If you find more, please report them: we are grateful for your
assistance in incrementally improving this resource.
Update January 2015: We are grateful to Philip Peek of Bowling Green State University for making
available his file with vocabulary for Chase & Phillips.
Update August 2014: In addition to the usual editing of existing dictionaries and morphology (keep
reporting typos to us, please!), we are delighted to add a first author-specific lexicon on the Latin side,
thanks
to efforts at Dickinson College. Users will now encounter Frieze-Dennison's lexicon to Vergil's
Aeneid for relevant entries. Many thanks to Christopher Francese and the DCC 'crew'! On another
note,
Logeion and the Logeion app got a mention in the New
York Times, which we are thrilled about. We are, as always, grateful to Josh, Matt & Josh for developing
this site and the app, and to the College of the University of Chicago for its support and its 'ambidextrous'
undergrads, who know their way around Python and XML as well as around Greek and Latin.
Update December 2013: We are delighted to announce that we are adding the premier dictionary for
Ancient
Greek, the Diccionario Griego-Español (DGE), to Logeion. Both for entries
from DGE and from DuCange, we will include a link to these dictionaries' home sites for every entry we display.
As
we work on displaying these entries better, we recommend (also) visiting the home sites, which look positively
elegant. This update also brings the Latin-Dutch dictionary, LaNe, up to date with the printed 6th edition,
which
will be coming out soon.
Update October 2013: Logeion is now available as an app for iOS, so
that you can consult it even without a working internet connection. Find the Logeion app in Apple's app store.
Update January 2012: We have now added a Latin-Dutch dictionary to the collection: The Woordenboek
Latijn/Nederlands. One notable feature of this dictionary, for those who do not speak Dutch, is that a lot
of
attention has been paid to ensure accuracy of vowel length for the lexical entries. For further information see
below.
Using ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ
Learning to use Logeion to look up words
should
be straightforward. Start typing in (the first few letters of) the headword (or lemma) for the entry
(transliteration is an option for Greek words) and the word wheel will spin to what we hope will be the right
destination. Enter a minimum of three characters, and the system will attempt to suggest entries in the
neighborhood.
Details, details: When you are typing in a word, Logeion will consult its database and suggest Greek or Latin
lookalikes. If you are typing in transliterated Greek, pick the suggested Greek word when it appears in the drop
down menu. If you simply hit enter (or click on the 'Go' button) after typing 'logos', the system will take your
input literally, and direct you to the entry for 'logos' in the Latin dictionaries. Note that the system is a
rather poor student of the Greek alphabet - words in the suggestion list will not quite show up in the order you
expect.
If you are trying to determine the right dictionary entry for an inflected word, you have two options. Simply
start typing the first few characters, and Logeion might already direct you correctly. But when things get more
complicated, you can type in the complete word (for Greek, this requires full diacritics).
If the word occurs as an inflected word in our database, Logeion will suggest a lemma or lemmas for it. You
can
hover over the lemma to see its choice of parses. Double-clicking on words within the dictionary entries and
example sentences will allow you to go to the entry for that word - provided that the database has the right
parse, of course, or that by happenstance, it lands you in the right position in the alphabet.
Linking to Logeion quickly in the Chrome browser: By control-clicking the Address Bar, you will see the
possibility to "Edit search engines". Add your own Logeion search engine, by entering into the three boxes,
Logeion, l, http://logeion.uchicago.edu/%s respectively. Next time you want to look up a word from anywhere on a
web page or other document, copy it, and in your browser, hit command-L, l and a space. The Address bar will now
say "Search Logeion". Paste in your word and hit Enter, and you will get Logeion's attempt at a (parse and a)
dictionary entry, without having to have typed out our URL. Those who type in Greek a lot may also want to add
Logeion, λ, .. for an identical shortcut so that the same quick trick works without having to change your
keyboard.
Beyond the dictionaries
For the most frequent words, we give you a sense of their frequency ranking in the corpus, as a way for
students
and teachers of the languages to prioritize their activity, or in general, to judge whether a given word in a
text
one is reading is in fact a frequent expression or a rare bird. To further assist in these activities, we list
collocations and aim, depending of course on the texts words are attested in, to provide examples of the word's
use in standard prose, e.g., Lysias for Greek and Caesar and Cicero for Latin. These examples can be found
following the major dictionaries, but before the reference works. Clicking on the author and work will lead you
to
a search in Perseus under PhiloLogic for the lemma. Clicking on the collocations will lead you to a search for
the
particular collocation; clicking on a frequent author will bring you to a search for the lemma in that author's
corpus.
The frequency and collocation data included in this app were collated at The University of Chicago. When the
citation forms for dictionary entries are identical (e.g., χράω 'attack' and χράω 'pronounce an oracle'), these
uses are distinguished in Logeion and in our morphological database with index numbers (e.g., χράω and χράω2).
In
principle, these numbers should agree with the ordering in the major dictionaries, but the short definitions
given
at the opening of each entry should make the distinctions clear. This is important to know in the case of
frequency data, since we aim to display the frequencies and collocations for the more frequent word. However, we
will not always be successful in pulling this off, and our use of automated tagging means that certain
lookalikes
gain spurious ranking cred. Therefore, do proceed with caution when using these data. Logeion on the web allows
you to follow up with your own corpus searches to double-check our data. Do report egregious errors; we try to
address these.
For full-text searches of the dictionaries (where in LSJ do we find reference to Xenophon's Anabasis, where is
λόγος used in any entry, not just in the entry for λόγος), use the links in the list of sources below. Full-text
search is only possible for the reference works that are fully in the public domain. Below, the home page will
be
specified for projects that have a presence online, which may include many further options for searching.
Development of the Project; Getting in Touch
This site was first developed by Josh Goldenberg (BA 2012) and Matt Shanahan (BA 2014) in the summer of 2011.
In
addition, many thanks to ARTFL, as always, and in particular to Richard Whaling and to the DVLF crew for initial
consultation. We hope you will find Logeion useful! Comments and suggestions: please use the link to Report
A Problem. We are always interested in adding more dictionaries; please contact Helma Dik (Classics
Department, University of Chicago) directly if you have dictionaries that we can use or other assistance or
enhancements, as opposed to bugs and errors. You can follow @LogeionGkLat on Twitter; our versions of LSJ and
Lewis & Short can be found at github.com/helmadik.
Greek Dictionaries
This collection has seen extensive editing,
to
correct data entry errors and to ensure integration with our morphological analysis tools. Reach the full-text
search form by clicking on the titles below. Do note that Logeion is more frequently refreshed than the
separate dictionaries.
Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon
(1940)
Henry George Liddell & Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir
Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940.
The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
Slater's Lexicon to Pindar (1969)
William J. Slater, Lexicon to Pindar. Berlin, De Gruyter, 1969.
The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
Latin Dictionaries
The Latin dictionaries have seen some light
editing as well. Headwords in Lewis & Short have been regularized to spellings with -i- rather than -j-, as was
already the case in the Elementary Dictionary. -v- has been maintained throughout. Clusters such as adf-/aff-,
adl-/all- are now aligned between the two dictionaries. Please report further infelicities!
Lewis and Short's Latin-English Lexicon
(1879)
A Latin Dictionary, Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary revised, enlarged, and in
great part rewritten by Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and Charles Short, LL.D. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1879.
The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
This electronic version was lightly edited in order to correct data entry errors and to eliminate the
letter -j- from dictionary headwords and many cross references; the letter -v- has been retained. Headwords
have been more closely aligned with the Elementary Dictionary.
Further resources, without full-text search on this site
Perseus collection
Liddell and Scott's Intermediate Greek
Lexicon (1889)
Henry George Liddell & Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon. Founded upon the seventh
edition of Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1889.
The Annenberg-CPB project provided funding for entering this text.
Autenrieth's Homeric Dictionary (1891)
Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1891.
The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
Lewis's Elementary Latin Dictionary (1890)
Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary. New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago: American Book
Company, 1890.
The National Science Foundation provided support for entering this text.
Proof-read by a team of volunteers, who added information about the number of occurrences in the New Testament as well as the so-called Strong numbers; Helma Dik has added some normalization to adjust entries to their classical environment and corrected some original misprints.
Bailly 2020 is more than the result of data entry of the famous Bailly dictionary; a team of editors and
proof readers has also updated and corrected citations and etymologies in many places.
The full text, and a report on how the team produced it, is available at the website above. Many thanks
for allowing us to integrate it in Logeion, and a special thanks to Mark de Wilde and Philippe Verkerk for
their help. Updated in 2023.
Initial data entry by the Perseus Project and markup by Gregory Crane; additional cleanup by Helma Dik.
Remaining issues to be aware of: confusion of lower case θ and φ, lower case φ with upper case Φ. Missing
upper case in lexical entries. Cunliffe used letters for book citations, so Il. 21 could be Od. 21 (φΦ) and
possibly Od. 8 (θ). Citations are always listed with Iliad first and colon (:) separating Iliad and Odyssey
listings. Surely there are errors remaining - please report them!
The Greek-Spanish Dictionary (DGE) is produced at the Instituto de Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y
Oriente
Próximo (ILC) of the Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS) of the CSIC (Madrid) under the direction
of
Francisco R. Adrados and Juan Rodríguez Somolinos.
We are excited about adding DGE, and hope that having it as part of Logeion will make this great
dictionary
more visible to non-Spanish speaking classicists.
DMLBS
The Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources ed. R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K.
Ashdowne
(London: British Academy, 1975-2013)
The Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources
is the
work of a century-long British Academy project, based first in London
and then at the University of Oxford, that ran from 1913 to the completion of the printed dictionary in
2013.
The DMLBS has been based wholly on original research and it documents the vocabulary of Latin in
medieval Britain from the sixth to the sixteenth centuries. The DMLBS is a copyright work and the
text
appears on the Logeion site under licence from the British Academy, to whom we express our thanks. Please
consider purchasing a copy of the printed
dictionary or encouraging your library to do so.
We believe that this may be a highly beneficial supplement to Lewis & Short for those working on later
texts.
Gaffiot 2016 - Dictionnaire Latin Français
From the website: Inutile de présenter le célèbre dictionnaire Latin-Français de Félix Gaffiot
(1934). Il nous a servi à beaucoup sur les bancs de l’école. En voici une édition corrigée et augmentée dite
Gaffiot 2016, issue directement du texte de 1934. Entre autres choses, les références ont été corrigées et
unifiées. La longueur des voyelles a été revue d’après les dernières recherches en ce domaine. Un indice
permet pour chaque entrée du dictionnaire d’en apprécier la fréquence d’apparition dans un corpus classique.
[Corrected and expanded version of 1934 edition, with updated canonical citations and verified vowel
quantities and frequency data]. For more information, and more options (pdf, apps,..) see the project's webpage
Georges 1913 - Karl Ernst Georges (1806-1895) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch
From the zeno.org website: Aus den Quellen zusammengetragen und mit besonderer Bezugnahme auf Synonymik und Antiquitäten unter Berücksichtigung der besten Hilfsmittel ausgearbeitet. Unveränderter Nachdruck der achten verbesserten und vermehrten Auflage, von Heinrich Georges, 2 Bände, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1998 (Reprint der Ausgabe Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1913/1918).
Das »Ausführliche lateinisch-deutsche Handwörterbuch« des Gothaer Gymnasialprofessors und angesehenen Lexikographen Karl Ernst Georges (1806–1895) erschließt den großen Reichtum des klassischen Lateins. Mit mehr als 62.000 Hauptstichwörtern, 200.000 Bedeutungsvarianten und rund 300.000 Belegstellen ist es seit Generationen ein unverzichtbares Arbeitsinstrument für alle, die ein berufliches oder privates Interesse an der Kulturgeschichte des römischen Altertums haben – für Schüler und Studenten ebenso wie für Historiker, Literaturwissenschaftler und Archäologen.
Das Wörterbuch bietet neben den Übersetzungen umfangreiche Angaben zur Etymologie, zum Bedeutungswandel und zur Phraseologie. Sein besonderer Vorzug liegt im detaillierten und übersichtlichen Nachweis der Bedeutungsschattierungen einzelner Stichwörter und grammatischer Konstruktionen. Zahlreiche Zitate aus den Schriften der klassischen Autoren dienen als Belege und unterstützen zugleich das Verständnis der Bedeutungsvarianten.
Grieks/Nederlands Woordenboek - Ineke Sluiter, Lucien van Beek, Ton Kessels, Albert Rijksbaron (editors)
(Translated extract from the Dutch blurb) The dictionary is based on the latest insights from modern linguistics and has more than 40,000 lemmas. It offers support in deciphering complex forms and is richly illustrated with examples of word use and sentence constructions, always translated into contemporary Dutch.
The citations come from authors studied for the central final exam in Greek in the Netherlands. In addition, the dictionary is a valuable tool for doctors, philosophers and theologians who want to study the Greek of Hippocrates, Aristotle, or the New Testament.
The new Dictionary Greek/Dutch was created by a large team, with input from classicists in academia as well as in secondary education.
LaNe is a Latin-Dutch translation dictionary, originally based on Pons Globalwörterbuch
Lateinisch-Deutsch (Klett) but with full coverage of all entries also contained in the Oxford Latin
Dictionary. LaNe is published by Amsterdam University Press, which also offers a stand-alone web interface with fuller functionality than the
simple
entry lookup here. We are grateful to Amsterdam University Press, and to the editor, for their generous
cooperation in Logeion.
Joaquim Affonso Gonçalves, Lexicon Magnum Latino-Sinicum, 3rd edition (Peking: Typis Congregationis Missionis, 1936 [1st ed. Macau, 1841]). This Latin-Chinese dictionary with over 36,000 entries was digitized at Dickinson College, by a team assembled by Christopher Francese. Note that many entries consist of cross-references, which can be confusing. You can click on the cross-referenced entry to access it, and view an image of the original text. If you notice discrepancies between the page images and the transcription, please use the link at the bottom of each entry to report it to Chris Francese and his team.
You can find the home page of the Lexicon in a web app, where you can also find fuller documentation. Our thanks to Chris Francese for thinking of us!
LMPG - Dictionary on the Greek magical papyri
LMPG en línea es la edición digital del libro Léxico de magia y religión en los papiros mágicos
griegos, obra de Luis Muñoz Delgado publicada en 2001 como Anejo V del Diccionario Griego-Español. [LMPG
online is the digital edition of the book Lexicon of Magic and Religion in the Greek magical papyri,
by
Luis Muñoz Delgado (2001)]. Homepage: dge.cchs.csic.es/lmpg/
Pape - Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache (1880 ed. rev. by Sengebusch)
Wilhelm Pape's (wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Pape)
Greek dictionary saw many editions. Digitized by Philipp Roelli, we are grateful to André Charbonnet for making Pape available to us in an html
version and for his corrections and revisions.
Riddle-Arnold
English-Latin Lexicon.
J. Riddle and T. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English-Latin Lexicon (London, 1847; revised C. Anthon, New York, 1849). Digitized by Fergus Walsh. Data and a stand-alone application available on github at https://github.com/FergusJPWalsh/riddle-arnold. When searching, do bear in mind that the English terms were devised in the 1800s!
Woodhouse
S.C. Woodhouse, English-Greek Dictionary. A Vocabulary of the Attic Language (London, 1910).
Page images available in the original digitization at the initiative of Catherine Mardikes of the University of Chicago Library. Note that besides author abbreviations, most commonly the abbreviations P and V are used to indicate use in Prose or Verse. Please report data entry errors. Text derived from Ryan Bauman's stand-alone implementation.
Pedagogical short glossaries
BWL
Basiswoordenlijst Latijn [Basic word list for Latin], by J.K.L. Babeliowsky, D. den Hengst, W. Holtland,
W.
van
Lakwijk, J.Th.K. Marcelis, H. Pinkster, J.J.L. Smolenaars, Staatsuitgeverij, The Hague (Netherlands), 1975.
[out of print]
BWL covers 85% of the vocabulary in Caesar, Cicero (oratory and philosophical works), Sallust, Livy,
Seneca
(letters), Tacitus, Catullus, Vergil, Horace (Odes), and Ovid, except where such words only rise to high
frequency in a single one of these authors.
Prepared with the help of LASLA in Liège to cater to Dutch secondary schools in the 1970s, this text is
now
out of print. Example sentences, selected to illustrate the syntactic properties of the words, are mostly
made
up of words also present in BWL and were accompanied by a Dutch translation in the original. We have now
(Jan.
2016) included English translations of the sentences.
Frieze Dennison Vergil
From Henry S. Frieze, Vergil’s Aeneid Books I-XII, with an Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary, revised by
Walter Dennison (New York: American Book Co. 1902).
The lexicon at the end of this book was revised and digitized in 2014 at Dickinson College by Christopher
Francese, Derek Frymark, and Tyler Denton.
Citations in the definitions (“2.425”) refer to passages in the Aeneid by Book and line number. The
scanned
book is available at Google
Books. At Logeion, added to Latin short definitions and BWL sentences, ahead of Lewis and Short, for
its
convenient short entries.
Reference
the Perseus Encyclopedia
The Perseus Project, Tufts University. The Annenberg CPB/Project provided support for entering this text.
Harper's Dictionary of Classical
Antiquities
Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. Harper and Brothers, New York,
1898.
The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical
Sites
The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites. Richard Stillwell, editor. Princeton, Princeton University
Press, 1976.
The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. William Smith, LLD, William Wayte, G. E. Marindin (editors).
London, John Murray, 1890.
The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.
Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Geography
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD
(editor). London, Walter and Maberly; John Murray, 1854.
Textbooks
We gratefully acknowledge here that authors of the textbooks below have given permission for chapter/unit
references to be displayed in Logeion. Needless to say, the authors bear no responsibility for any errors in
these
references, which were sometimes culled from unrelated web sites; please let us know if you find problems. In
the
case of JACT, we wish to thank Matt Neuburg for providing us with the data; Philip Peek provided us with his
file
of Chase & Phillips vocabulary. For the latest additions to this list, we owe thanks to DCC Commentaries and
Ivy Livingston, who provided further data for Latin textbooks.
The short titles given in the chapter references refer, in full, to:
Cambridge Latin
Cambridge Latin Course. By the University of Cambridge School Classics Project. ISBN 9781107070936 (book
1).
Web: education.cambridge.org
Vocabulary via Bret Mulligan of The Bridge: bridge.haverford.edu
Campbell
Classical Greek Prose: A Basic Vocabulary, by Malcolm Campbell,
Bloomsbury Press.
ISBN 978-1853995590
Chase & Phillips
A New Introduction to Greek: Third Edition Revised and Enlarged, by Alston Hurd Chase, Henry Phillips
Jr.,
Harvard University Press.
ISBN 978-0674616004
Ecce Romani
Ecce Romani. Pearson publishing. 978-0133610895 (book 1).
Vocabulary via Bret Mulligan of The Bridge: bridge.haverford.edu
Hansen & Quinn
Greek: An Intensive Course, by Hardy Hansen and Gerald M. Quinn, Fordham University Press.
ISBN 978-0823216635
JACT
Reading Greek: Grammar and Exercises, by Joint Association of Classical Teachers, Cambridge University
Press
ISBN 978-0521698528
LTRG
Learn to Read Greek, by Andrew Keller and Stephanie Russell, Yale University Press.
ISBN 978-0300167719
LTRL
Learn to Read Latin, by Andrew Keller and Stephanie Russell, Yale University Press.
ISBN 978-0300102154
Mastronarde
Introduction to Attic Greek (2nd edition), by Donald Mastronarde, University of California Press.