genius

gĕnĭus, i (voc. geni, Tib. 4, 5, 9 M. dub.), m. [root GEN, gigno; prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spiritual part, spirit; hence], the tutelar deity or genius of a person, place, etc. (cf.: lares, penates).

• I In gen.: genium dicebant antiqui naturalem deum uniuscujusque loci vel rei aut hominis, Serv. Verg. G. 1, 302; cf. Voss ad loc.; Verg. A. 5, 95; Juv. 6, 22; Liv. 21, 62, 9; Mart. 7, 12, 10: eundem esse genium et larem, multi veteres memoriae prodiderunt, in queis etiam Granius Flaccus, Censor. de Die Nat. 3, 2; Prud. adv. Symm. 2, 369; 444: scit Genius, natale comes qui temperat astrum, Naturae deus humanae, mortalis in unum Quodque caput, vultu mutabilis, albus et ater, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 187: genius tuus malus, Flor. 4, 7, 8. —In urgent petitions and in oaths appeals were made to the Genius of the person addressed, or to that of some eminent person: te per Genium ... Obsecro et obtestor, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 94; cf. Sen. Ep. 12, 12; Tib. 4, 5, 8; Suet. Calig. 27; Dig. 12, 2, 13, § 6.— On festal occasions the Genius was propitiated: cras Genium mero Curabis et porco bimestri, Hor. C. 3, 17, 14; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; id. A. P. 210; Pers. 2, 3; Ov. Am. 1, 8, 94 et saep.; cf. Tib. 1, 7, 49: magne Geni, cape dona libens votisque faveto, id. 4, 5, 9: acceptus Geniis December (because the Saturnalian festivals occurred in it), Ov. F. 3, 58: genium loci ... precatur, Verg. A. 7, 136: GENIO LOCI, Inscr. Orell. 343 sq.; 1697; 1701: COLONIAE, ib. 367; 1693 sq.: MVNICIPII, ib. 689; 1690 sq.: CVRIAE, ib. 1120: FORI VINARII, ib. 4087: THEATRI, ib. 1713: Lateranus deus est focorum et Genius, Arn. 4, 6 et saep.: Priapi, Petr. 21, 7: Famae, Mart. 7, 12, 10: JOVIS, Inscr. Orell. 1730; 2488: DEORVM, ib. 1730.—
• II In partic.
• • A With respect to the enjoyment of life.
  • • 1 The spirit of social enjoyment, fondness for good living, taste, appetite, inclination: isti qui cum geniis suis belligerant, parcipromi, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 81 (175); cf.: egomet me defraudavi Animumque meum geniumque meum, id. Aul. 4, 9, 15 (727); and: suum defrudans genium, sacrificing his inclinations, Ter. Phorm. 44 Ruhnk.: sapis multum ad genium, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 28 (108): hic quidem meliorem Genium tuum non facies, id. Stich. 4, 2, 42 (620): nunc et amico meo prosperabo et genio meo multa bona faciam, id. Pers. 2, 3, 11 (261): indulge genio: carpamus dulcia, Pers. 5, 151.—Hence,
    • 2 A term used by parasites for entertainer, patron: ecquis est, qui mihi commonstret Phaedromum genium meum? Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 22 (301); 5, 2, 29 (627); id. Capt. 4, 2, 99 (879); id. Men. 1, 2, 29 (138). —
  • B Of the intellect, wit, talents, genius (very rare): nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebit, Juv. 6, 562: victurus genium debet habere liber, Mart. 6, 60, 10. —Hence, in a pun with the preced. signif., Mart. 7, 78, 7.

genius, iī, m. (geno = gigno), I) der Genius (eig. der »Leben-Erzeugende«) = der über die menschliche Natur waltende Gott, der bei der Erzeugung u. Geburt des Menschen wirkt, als sein Schutzgeist ihn durchs Leben begleitet u. sein Schicksal bestimmt u. selbst nach dem Verscheiden des Menschen in dem Lar fortlebt u. schützend fortwirken kann, s. Censor. 3. Amm. 21, 14, 3. Apul. de deo Socr. 16. Hor. ep. 2, 2, 187 sqq. (u. dazu Orelli): tuus malus genius, Flor. 4, 7, 8. – Wie der Mensch, so hatte auch jeder Ort (Gegend, Wald, Stadt, Haus, Tor), hatte jeder Staat, jede Herde, hatten einzelne Zustände, Eigenschaften u. Verrichtungen ihren Genius, der mit der Existenz des Ortes usw. innig verbunden war, Verg. Aen. 5, 95. Prud. adv. Symm. 2, 369 u. 444 sqq. Auson. Technop. (XXVII) 7. de dis v. 9 (gen. domuum). Iuven. 6, 22 (sacri fulcri). Liv. 21, 62, 9 (v. Genius der Stadt Rom). Mart. 7, 12, 10 (genius Famae): genius publicus (des Staates), Amm. 25, 2, 3: genius praetorii, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 2643. – Man bat od. beschwor jemand u. schwor bei seinem eigenen Genius und bei dem geachteter u. werter Personen (Sklaven bei dem G. ihres Herrn, Untertanen bei dem des Herrschers), Plaut. capt. 977. Ter. Andr. 289. Hor. ep. 1, 7, 94. Tibull. 4, 5, 8. Petron. 75, 2. Sen. ep. 12, 2. Suet Cal. 27, 3: Ulp. dig. 12, 2, 13. § 6. – An den Festtagen versöhnte man den Genius durch Blumen u. Wein, genium piare od. placare, Hor. ep. 2, 1, 143 sq.; de art. poët. 210; bes. am Geburtstage durch einen Kuchen (libum), Ov. am. 1, 8, 94: od. durch ein Festmahl u. Wein, Pers. 2, 3 (u. dazu Hauthal). – Dem froh Genießenden ist der Genius hold (albus), den Kopfhängern und aus Geiz sich das Dasein Verkümmernden abhold (ater, sinister), Hor. ep. 2, 2, 187. Pers. 4, 27. – daher war froher Lebensgenuß dem G. ebenso erwünscht als dem Menschen selbst, woher die Redensarten: genio indulgere, »seinen Genius laben« = das Leben durch Frohsinn erheitern und, eingedenk seiner Flüchtigkeit, durch weisen Genuß es verlängern, Pers. 5, 151; vgl. genium curare mero = sich gütlich tun mit usw., Hor. carm. 3, 17, 14: u. so genio suo multa bona facere, seinem G. (= sich) gütlich tun, Plaut. Pers. 263. – aber genium suum defraudare (defrudare), seinen Genius betrügen = sich das Dasein-, sich den Lebensgenuß verkümmern, sich selbst das Nötigste abzwacken, Plaut. aul. 724 G. Lucil. 619. Ter. Phorm. 44; vgl. isti, qui cum geniis suis belligerant, parcipromi, die mit ihrem G. im Kriege liegen, jene Knauser, Plaut. truc. 183 L. – December geniis acceptus, den Genien willkommen (weil man in den Wintermonaten vom Landbau ruhte u. sich gütlich tat), Ov. fast. 3, 58. – ferner sapis ad genium = du hast Geschmack, scheinst Geschmack an guten Bissen zu finden, Plaut. Pers. 108: und so habes nec cor nec genium, weder Verstand noch Sinn für gute Bissen, Mart. 7, 78, 4. – aber victurus genium debet habere liber, muß einen Genius haben = es muß in ihm Anmut, geistvoller Witz (gleichs als Genius) walten, Mart. 6, 7, 10. – u. vom Genius als dem Bestimmer der menschlichen Schicksale, nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebit, den Genius der Weissagung (der ihm die Zukunft eröffnet) = Erleuchtung u. richtige Kunde der Zukunft, Iuven. 6, 562. – suum genium propitiare, sich selbst, nicht der Gunst anderer (bes. des Fürsten) alles verdanken, Tac. dial. 9. – Vgl. über den genius übh. Müller-Deecke Etrusker 2, 90 ff. Voß Verg. georg. 1, 302. p. 145 sq. Heß u. Pabst Tac. dial. 9. p. 60 sq. Hauthal Pers. 2, 3. p. 90 sqq. bes. Fr. Aug. Ukert Über Dämonen, Heroen u. Genien (in den Abhandlungen der königl. Sächs. Ges. der Wissensch. 1850. 2. Bd. S. 137 ff.). W. F. Otto in Pauly-Wissowa Realenz. 7, 1155 ff. – II) übtr., v. Gebern frohen Lebensgenusses, des Wohllebens, Gönner, wie die der Schmarotzer, Plaut. capt. 879; Curc. 301; Men. 138. – ➳ Vocat. geni b. Tibull. 4, 5, 9. – Nbf. genium, Ven. Fort. carm. 2, 9, 18 u. 5, 15, 3.

genius [CL], ~ium 1 indwelling spirit. ~ius dicitur deus naturalis qui cum homine nascitur GlP 189n; hic, ~ius, ‥ i. deus nature et deus qui preest nuptiis Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 248, 261; ~ium ‥ deum esse naturalem dicit Remigius, qui omnium rerum preest generationibus Alb. Lond. DG 6. 19; ingenium dat ei genius subtile, quod artes / mechanicas subdit Neckam DS V 721 p. 457. 2 inborn or natural instinct. parentes nemini ‥ portentuosum animal exhibuerunt, peccato suo ‥ tenebras quaerentes qui contempto jure matrimonii ~ium colebant W. Cant. Mir. Thom. II 43; hoc ~ium, i. ingenium Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 249, 261; gallus ‥ / instinctu genii nunciat ore diem Neckam DS II 802 p. 391; vir ‥ plus nominis hactenus habens quam ominis, plus ~ii quam ingenii Gir. EH I 12; hostis nature ferus est Machometus et omnis / qui contra genii foedera plura sitit Garl. Tri. Eccl. 11.

gĕnĭus, (10) ĭī, m. (geno), génie [dieu particulier à chaque homme, qui veillait sur lui dès sa naissance, qui partageait toute sa destinée et disparaissait avec lui ; de même chaque lieu, chaque état, chaque chose avait son génie propre] : Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 187 ; Serv. Georg. 1, 302 ; En. 5, 95 ; Liv. 21, 62, 9 ; Mart. 7, 12, 10 || [on invoquait qqn au nom de son génie] : Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 94 ; Sen. Ep. 12, 2 ; Suet. Cal. 27 || [les jours de fête, on sacrifiait au génie] : Hor. O. 3, 17, 14 ; Ep. 2, 1, 143 ; P. 210 || [le génie partage les joies et les tristesses de lʼhomme] : albus et ater Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 187, tantôt blanc, tantôt noir || [dʼoù, génie synonyme de la personne même] : indulgere genio Pers. 5, 151, ou genio suo multa bona facere Pl. Pers. 263, faire bonne chère, se donner du bon temps ; genium suum defraudare Pl. Aul. 724 ; Ter. Phorm. 44, se priver, se frustrer de tout plaisir, cf. Pl. Truc. 183 ; December geniis acceptus Ov. F. 3, 58, décembre bien venu des génies || [gourmandise] : sapis ad genium Pl. Pers. 108, tu as du goût pour ce qui concerne ton ventre ; habes nec cor nec genium Mart. 7, 78, 4, tu nʼes ni intelligent ni homme de bonne chère || [par ext.] victurus genium debet habere liber Mart. 6, 61, 10, pour vivre un livre doit avoir son génie = sa personnalité [exister vraiment] ; nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebit Juv. 6, 562, un astrologue nʼa pas de valeur sʼil nʼa été condamné || génie, bon génie [celui qui fait bonne chère aux parasites] : Pl. Capt. 879 ; Curc. 301 ; Men. 138.

➳ vocat. geni Tib. 4, 5, 9.

genius , ii. m.
主生神。仙。本性。美。趣。 Meliorem genium facere 以禍換福。 Curare genium mero 飲酒爲樂。 Indulgere genio 任性。任意。Defraudare genium 克己。遏欲。Belligerare cum geniis suis 克己。

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genius ī, m

• GEN-, a tutelar deity, genius: loci, V.: genio (populiR.) hostiae caesae, L.: cras genium mero Curabis, H.: acceptus geniis December (because of the Saturnalia), O.: te oro per genium tuom, T.: te per genium obsecro, H.—Taste, inclination: Suom defrudans genium, T.—Prophetic skill: Nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebit, Iu.

GENIUS

GE´NIUSSee Dict. Gr. and Rom. Biogr.

Genius

(“creator, begetter,” from gigno). The Italian peoples regarded the Genius as a higher power which creates and maintains life, assists at the begetting and birth of every individual man, determines his character, tries to influence his destiny for good, accompanies him through life as his tutelary spirit, and lives on in the Lares after his death. (See Lares.) As a creative principle, the Genius is attached, strictly speaking, to the male sex only. In the case of women his place is taken by Iuno, the personification of woman's life. Thus, in a house inhabited by a man and his wife, a Genius and a Iuno are worshipped together. But in common parlance, it was usual to speak of the Genius of a house, and to this Genius the marriage bed (lectus genialis) was sacred. A man's birthday was naturally the holiday of his attendant Genius, to whom he offered incense, wine, garlands, cakes, everything, in short, but bloody sacrifices, and in whose honour he gave himself up to pleasure and enjoyment; for the Genius wishes a man to have pleasure in the life that he has given him. Hence the Romans spoke of enjoying one's self as indulging one's Genius, and of renunciation as spiting him (Hor. Carm. iii. 17, 14; Pers.iv. 27). Men swore by their Genius as by their higher self, and by the Genius of persons whom they loved and honoured. The philosophers originated the idea of a man having two Genii, a good and a bad one; but in the popular belief the notion of the Genius was that of a good and beneficent being. Families, societies, cities, and peoples had their Genius as well as individuals. The Genius of the Roman people (Genius Publicus or Genius Populi Romani) stood in the Forum, represented in the form of a bearded man crowned with a diadem, a cornucopia in his right hand, and a sceptre in his left. An annual sacrifice was offered to him on the 9th of October. Under the Empire the Genius of Augustus, the founder of the Empire, and of the reigning emperor, were publicly worshipped at the same time. Localities also, such as open spaces, streets, baths, and theatres, had their own Genii (Inscr. Orell. 343, 1697). These were usually represented under the form of snakes; and hence the common habit of keeping tame snakes. See anguis.

The Greeks also had a similar belief in Genii, calling them δαίμονες, or daemons, of whom Hesiod mentions the number as 30,000, who are appointed to be the ministers of Zeus and the guardians of men. He regards them as the souls of the righteous. Pindar speaks of a γενέθλιος δαίμων, which seems to be exactly the equivalent of the Roman Genius. See daemon.