Harmonia

• daughter of Mars and Venus, the wife of Cadmus, and mother of Semele, Ino, Agave, and Polydorus, Hyg. Fab. 6; 148; 159.—Acc.: Harmonien, Ov. A. A. 3, 86.

➳ acc. Harmonien Ov. Ars 3, 86.

(Ἁρμονία), a daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, or, according to others, of Zeus and Electra, the daughter of Atlas, in Samothrace. When Athena assigned to Cadmus the government of Thebes, Zeus gave him Hannonia for his wife, and all the gods of Olympus were present at the marriage. Cadmus on that day made her a present of a peplus and a necklace, which he had received either from Hephaestus or from Europa. (Apollod. 3.4.2.) Other traditions stated that Harmonia received this necklace (ὅρμορ) from some of the gods, either from Aphrodite or Athena. (Diod. 4.48, 5.49; Pind. P. 3.167; Stat. Theb. 2.266; comp. Hes. Th. 934; Hom. Hymn. in Apoll. 195.) Those who described Harmonia as a Samothracian related that Cadmus, on Iris voyage to Samothrace, after being initiated in the mysteries, perceived Harmonia, and carried her off with the assistance of Athena. When Cadmus was obliged to quit Thebes, Harmonia accompanied him. When they came to the Encheleans, they assisted them in their war against the Illyrians, and conquered the enemy. Cadmus then became king of the Illyrians, but afterwards he and Harmonia were metamorphosed into dragons and transferred to Elysium; or, according to others, they were carried thither in a chariot drawn by dragons. (Apollod. 3.5.4; Eur. Ba. 1233; Ov. Met. 4.562, &c.) Harmonia is renowned in ancient story chiefly on account of the fatal necklace she received on her wedding day. Polyneices, who inherited it, gave it to Eriphyle, that she might persuade her husband, amphiaraus, to undertake the expedition against Thebes. (Apollod. 3.6.2 ; Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. 3.167.) Through Alcmaeon, the son of Eriphyle, the necklace came into the hands of Arsinoe, next into those of the sons of Phegeus, Pronous and Agenor, and lastly into those of the sons of Alcomaeon, Amphoterus and Acarnan, who dedicated it in the temple of Athena Pronoea at Delphi. (Apollod. 3.7. §§ 5-7.) The necklace had wrought mischief to all who had been in possession of it, and it continued to do so even after it was dedicated at Delphi. Phayllus, the tyrant, stole it from the temple to gratify his mistress, the wife of Ariston. She wore it for a time, but at last her youngest son was seized with madness, and set fire to the house, in which she perished with all her treasures. (Athen. 6.232; Parthen. Erot. 25.) [L.S]

daughter of Gelon, the son of Hieron II., king of Syracuse. She was married to a Syracusan named Themistus, who, after the death of Hieronymus (B. C. 215) was elected one of the captains-general of the republic; but these being soon overthrown by a fresh revolution, in which Themistus perished, a decree was passed condemning to death all surviving members of the family of Hieron; and, in pursuance of this barbarous resolution, Harmonia was immediately put to death, together with Demarata and Heraclea, the daughters of Hieron. (Liv. 24.24, 25; V. Max. 3.2. ext. § 9.) [E.H.B]

(Ἁρμονία). The daughter of Ares and Aphrodité, and wife of Cadmus. (See Cadmus.) At her marriage all the gods were present on the Acropolis of Thebes, and offered her their wedding-gifts. Cadmus gave her a costly garment and a necklace, the workmanship of Hephaestus, which he had received from Aphrodité, or (according to another account) from Europa. These gifts, so the story runs, had everywhere the fatal property of stirring up strife and bloodshed. It was with them that Polynices corrupted Eriphylé, who drove her husband Amphiaraüs to his destruction in the Theban War, and was murdered in revenge by her son Alcmaeon. It was for their sake that Alcmaeon and Phegeus and his sons were slain. (See Alcmaeon; Phegeus.) The jewels were at length deposited by the sons of Alcmaeon in the sanctuary of Delphi. According to a later story, Phaÿllus, a leader of the Phocians in the war against Philip of Macedon, carried off, among other treasures, the necklace of Harmonia, and gave it to his mistress, the wife of Ariston of Oeta; but her youngest son set fire to the house in a fit of madness, and the mother, with the necklace, was consumed.

• married to Cadmus: Apollod. 3.4.2
• receives a necklace made by Hephaestus: Apollod. 3.4.2
• goes with Cadmus to the Encheleans and is turned into a serpent: Apollod. 3.5.4
• sent by Zeus to the Elysian Fields: Apollod. 3.5.4
• dedicates three images of Aphrodite: Paus. 9.16.3
• her wedding: Paus. 3.18.12
• bridal chamber: Paus. 9.12.3
• necklace: Paus. 9.41.2