Palaemon
Frieze-Dennison Vergil
- A sea-god, formerly called Melicerta, the son of Athamas and Ino: O Palaemon, sancte Neptuni comes, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 70 (158); Cic. N. D. 3, 15, 39; Verg. A. 5, 823; Ov. M. 4, 542; id. H. 17, 159.—Hence,
- B Pălae-mŏnĭus, a, um, of or belonging to the seagod Palaemon, poet. for Corinthian, Stat. Th. 2, 380: Palaemoniae coronae, won at the Isthmian games, which were celebrated in honor of Palaemon, Claud. Cons. Mall. Th. 289.—
- II Remmius Palaemon, a Roman grammarian in the time of Tiberius and Claudius, Quint. 1, 4, 20; 1, 5, 60; Suet. Gram. 23; Juv. 6, 451; 7, 215; Pers. 2, 86.—
- III A shepherd, Verg. E. 3, 50.
- 1. de in een zeegod veranderde Melicertes, zoon v. Leucothea (Ino), later gelijkgesteld met de Rom. Portunus;
- 2. Remmius ~, vrijgelatene uit Vicetia in N.-Italië; grammaticus ttv. Tiberius en Claudius, leraar v. Persius en Quintilianus.
(Παλαίμων), signifies the wrestler, as in the surname of Heracles in Lycophron (663); but it also occurs as a proper name of several mythical personages.
1. A son of Athamas and Ino, was originally called Melicertes. When his mother, who was driven mad by Hera, had thrown herself with her boy, who was either still alive or already killed, from the Molurian rock into the sea, both became marine divinities, viz. Ino became Leucothea, and Melicertes became Palaemon. (Apollod. 3.4. ' 3; Hyg. Fab. 2; Ov. Met. 4.520, 13.919.) According to some, Melicertes after his apotheosis was; called Glaucus (Athen. 7.296), whereas, according to another version, Glaucus is said to have leaped into the sea from his love of Melicertes. (Athen. 7.297.) The apotheosis was effected by the Nereides, who saved Melicertes, and also ordered the institution of the Nemean games. The body of Melicertes, according to the common tradition, was washed by the waves, or carried by dolphins into port Schoenus on the Corinthian isthmus, or to that spot on the coast wheresubsequently the altar of Palaemon stood. (Paus. 1.44.11, 2.1.3; Plut. Sympos. 5.3.) There the body was found by his uncle Sisyphus, who ordered it to be carried by Donacinus and Amnphiniachus to Corinth, and on the command of the Nereides instituted the Isthmian games and sacrifices of black bulls in honour of the deified Palaemon. (Tzetz. ad Lyc. 107, 229; Philostr. Her. 19, Icon. 2.16; Paus. 2.1.3; Schol. ad Eurip. Med. 1274; Eur. IT 251.) On the isthmus of Corinth there was a temple of Palaemon with statues of Palaemon, Leucothea, and Poseidon; and near the same place was a subterraneous sanctuary, which was believed to contain the remains of Palaemon. (Paus. 2.2.1.) In the island of Tenedos, it is said that children were sacrificed to him, and the whole worship seems to have had something gloomy and orgiastic about it. (Philostr. l.c.; Hom. Od. 3.6.) In works of art Palaemon is represented as a boy carried by marine deities or dolphins. (Philostr. Icon. 2.16.) The Romans identified Palaemon with their own god Portunus, or Portumnus. [Portunus.]
2. A son of Hephaestus, or Aetolus, or Lenus, was one of the Argonauts. (Apollod. 1.9.16; Apollon. R! od. 1.202; Orph. Argon. 208.)
3. A son of Heracles by Autonoe, the daughter of Peireus, or by Iphinoe, the daughter of Antaeus. (Apollod. 2.7.8; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 662.)
4. One of the sons of Priam. (Hyg. Fab. 90.) [L.S]
a celebrated grammarian in the reigns of Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius, is placed by Jerome (ad Euseb.) in the eighth year of the reign of Claudius, A. D. 48. He was a native of Vicentia (Vicenza), in the north of Italy, and was originally a slave; but having been manumitted, he opened a school at Rome, where he became the most celebrated grammarian of his time, and obtained great numbers of pupils, though his moral character was so infamous that Tiberius and Claudius used to say that there was no one to whom the training of youths ought so little to be entrusted. Suetonius gives rather a long account of him (de Illustr. Gramm. 23), and he is also mentioned by Juvenal on two occasions (6.451, 7.251-219). From the scholiast on Juvenal (6.451) we learn that Palaemon was the master of Quintilian.
(Παλαίμων). A Greek sea-god. See Melicertes.
(Παλαίμων), Quintus Remmius. A Latin grammarian of Vicetia (Vicenza), the son of a female slave. He acquired a learned education while accompanying his master's son to school, and, after he had been set free, taught at Rome in the first half of the first century after Christ, under Tiberius and Claudius, with extraordinary success in spite of his thoroughly disreputable character. The earlier scholars, and especially Varro, had made the older literature the centre of their linguistic studies. Palaemon, as head of a new school, devoted himself especially to Vergil, just as Greek literary criticism had concentrated itself on Homer. He seems to have treated grammar in the practical spirit of a clever schoolmaster, and to have done his best to deride the scientific labours of Varro. His grammar (ars, Juv.vii. 251) was doubtless much consulted by later grammarians. It is now lost. The grammar that bears his name is wrongly attributed to him. (See Prof. Nettleship in the [English] Journal of Philology, xv. 192). Palaemon is to be remembered for having first introduced Vergil as a text-book into the Roman schools.
- in the Argo: Apollod. 1.9.17
- Apollod. 2.7.8
- Apollod. 3.4.3
- sufferings of: Paus. 8.48.2
- images of: Paus. 2.1.8, Paus. 2.2.1, Paus. 2.3.4
- temple and shrine: Paus. 2.2.1
- Melicertes