Pelops

Pelopēus, a, um: adj. (Pelops), of Pelops; Pelopeian, Argive, Greek, 2.193.

Pĕlops, ŏpis, m., = Πέλοψ.

• Son of Tantalus, king of Phrygia, father of Atreus and Thyestes, grandfather of Agamemnon and Menelaus; in his childhood he was served up to the gods by his father for food (truncatus Pelops, Stat. Th. 4, 590), but was recalled to life by Jupiter, who gave him an ivory shoulder in place of the one eaten by Ceres (umeroque Pelops insignis eburno, Verg. G. 3, 7). Being afterwards driven out of Phrygia, he went to Elis, and by artifice obtained the hand of Hippodamia, daughter of king Oenomaus, to whose throne he succeeded. By means of the wealth which he brought with him, he acquired so great an influence that the entire peninsula was called, after him, the island of Pelops (Peloponnesus), Hyg. Fab. 83, 84; Serv. Verg. G. 3, 7; Cic. N. D. 3, 21, 53; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107; 2, 27, 67: Pelope natus, i. e. Thyestes, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 397 Vahl.): ex Tantalo Pelops, ex Pelope autem satus Atreus, Trag. Rel. Inc. Fab. v. 102 Rib.: Pelopis genitor, i. e. Tantalus, Hor. C. 1, 28, 7.
• • • 1 Pĕlŏpēïas, ădis, f. adj., Pelopian, Peloponnesian: Pelopeïadesque Mycenae, Ov. M. 6, 414.—
    • 2 Pĕlŏpēïs, ĭdis, f. adj., Pelopian, Peloponnesian: Pelopeides undae, the sea that surrounds the Peloponnesus, Ov. F. 4, 285.
• —Hence, Pĕlŏpēĭdes, um, f., the Argive women, Stat. Th. 10, 50; 12, 540.—
• • • 3 Pĕlŏpēïus, a, um, adj., = Πελοπήιος.
    • • a Pelopian: Pelopeius Atreus, Ov. H. 8, 27: virgo, i. e. Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon, id. Tr. 4, 4, 67: arva, i. e. Phrygia, the native country of Pelops, id. M. 8, 622.—Subst.: Pĕlŏpēia, ae, f., a female descendant of Pelops, Ov. H. 8, 81.—
      • b Peloponnesian: Pelopeia sedes, i. e. the seat of Creon, king of Corinth, Sen. Med. 891: oppida, Claud. in Rufin. 2, 188: regna, the Peloponnesus, Stat. Th. 1, 117. —
    • 4 Pĕlŏpēus, a, um, adj.
    • • a Pelopian: Agamemnon, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 33: domus, the race of the Pelopides, id. 3, 17, 20 (4, 18, 20): P. Orestes, Luc. 7, 778.—Subst.: Pĕ-lŏpēa, ae, f., the daughter of Pelops, Ov. Ib. 361; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 291; the name of a tragedy, Juv. 7, 92.—
      • b Peloponnesian: Pelopea phalanx, the Argive army, Stat. Th. 7, 422.—Poet., in a more extended sense, for Grecian: Pelopea ad moenia, i. e. to Greece, Verg. A. 2, 193.—
    • 5 Pĕlŏ-pĭdae, ārum, m., the descendants of Pelops (notorious for their crimes), the Pelopides, Hyg. Fab. 86; an old poet in Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 2; 7, 30, 1; id. Att. 14, 12, 2; 15, 11, 3 (applied by Cicero to the adherents of Caesar).—
    • 6 Pĕlŏpĭus, a, um, adj., Pelopian: Pelopia domus, Sen. Agam. 7.—
• II A slave's name, Cic. Att. 14, 8, 1.

Pelops, opis, m. (Πέλοψ), Sohn des Tantalus, Gemahl der Hippodamia, Schwiegersohn des Önomaus, Vater des Atreus, Thyestes u.a., der Liebling des Poseidon (Neptun); nach Pelops soll der Peloponnes benannt sein. Tantalus bewirtete einst die Götter, deren Liebling er war, schlachtete bei dieser Gelegenheit seinen Sohn Pelops, zerstückelte ihn (dah. truncatus Pelops, griech. πρισθείς, Stat. Theb. 4, 590) und setzte ihn seinen Gästen vor. Die Unsterblichen ließen sich durch das gräßliche Gericht nicht täuschen und berührten es nicht. Nur Demeter (Ceres), vertieft in den Schmerz um ihre verlorene Tochter, verzehrte die Schulter. Darauf ließen die Götter durch Hermes (Merkur) die zerstückelten Glieder des Knaben in einen Kessel tun u. ihm durch Kochen Gestalt und Leben wiedergeben. Klotho zog ihn aus dem Kessel heraus, und da die verzehrte Schulter fehlte, ersetzte Demeter (Ceres) diese durch eine elfenbeinerne (dah. umero Pelops insignis eburno, Verg. georg. 3, 7), Hyg. fab. 83 sq. Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 53; Tusc. 2, 67: Pelope natus, Thyestes, Enn. fr. scen. 357: ex Tantalo Pelops, ex Pelope autem satus Atreus, Trag. inc. fab. 102: Pelopis genitor, Tantalus, Hor. carm. 1, 28, 7: Pelopis sedes, der Peloponnes, Sil. 15, 306. – Dav.: A) Pelopēias, adis, f. (Πελοπηϊάς), pelopëisch, pelo ponnesisch, Mycenae, Ov. – B) Pelopēius, a, um (Πελοπήϊος), zu Pelops gehörig, pelopëisch, a) eig.: Atreus, Sohn des Pelops, Ov.: virgo, Iphigenia, Tochter des Agamemnon, eines Enkels des Pelops, Ov.: Pelopeia credar, für eine aus der Familie des Pelops, Ov.: arva, phrygisch, weil Pelops da geboren ist, Ov. – b) poet. übtr., peloponnesisch, oppida, Stat.: regna, der Peloponnes, Stat.: sedes, Sitz des korinthischen Herrschers Kreon, Sen. poët. – C) Pelopēus, a, um (Πελόπειος), pelopëisch, Agamemnon, des Pelops Enkel, Prop.: Orestes, des Pelops Urenkel, Lucan.: domus, des Pelops Familie, Prop.: moenia, Stadt Argos, Verg.: regna, der Peloponnes, Sil. – subst., Pelopēa, ae, f., die Enkelin des Pelops, Tochter des Thyestes, Ov. u. Claud. – D) Pelopidae, ārum, m. (Πελοπίδαι), die Pelopiden = die Nachkommen u. Verwandten des Pelops, wegen Gottlosigkeit u. Grausamkeit berüchtigt, Acc. tr., Cic. u.a. (Genet. Plur. Pelopidum, Acc. tr. 42). – E) Pelopius, a, um (Πελόπιος), pelopisch, Sen. poët. – subst., Pelopia, ae, f., die Enkelin des Pelops, Tochter des Thyestes, Serv. u. Hygin. – F) Peloponnēsus, s. bes.

Pĕlops, (11) ŏpis, m. (Πέλοψ), ¶ 1 fils de Tantale [dont les membres furent servis par son père dans un festin quʼil offrait aux dieux ; Jupiter lui rendit la vie] : Cic. Nat. 3, 53 ; Virg. G. 3, 7 ¶ 2 nom dʼun roi de Lacédémone : Liv. 34, 32 || nom dʼun Byzantin : Cic. Att. 14, 8, 1.

Pelops

(Πέλοψ, “Black-face”). A grandson of Zeus and son of Tantalus and Dioné, the daughter of Atlas. Some writers call his mother Euryanassa or Clytia. He was married to Hippodamia, by whom he became the father of Atreus, Thyestes, Dias, Cynosurus, Corinthius, Hippalmus (Hippalcmus or Hippalcimus), Hippasus, Cleon, Argius, Alcathoüs, Aelius, Pittheus, Troezen, Nicippé, and Lysidicé, known collectively as the Pelopidae. By Axioché or the nymph Danaïs he is said to have been the father of Chrysippus. Pelops was king of Pisa in Elis, and from him the great southern peninsula of Greece was believed to have derived its name Peloponnesus. According to a tradition which became very general in later times, Pelops was a Phrygian, who was expelled by Ilus from Phrygia (Ovid, Met. viii. 622), and thereupon migrated with his great wealth to Pisa. Others describe him as a Paphlagonian, and call the Paphlagonians themselves Πελοπήϊοι. Others again represent him as a native of Greece; and there can be little doubt that in the earliest traditions Pelops was described as a native of Greece and not as a foreign immigrant; in them, also, he is called the tamer of horses and the favourite of Poseidon. The legends about Pelops consist mainly of (a) the story of his being cut to pieces and boiled; (b) of his contest with Oenomaüs and Hippodamia; and (c) of his relation to his sons, to which may be added the honours paid to his remains.

(a) The first tells how Tantalus, the favourite of the gods, once invited them to a repast, and on that occasion killed his own son, and having boiled him set the flesh before them that they might eat it. But the immortal gods, knowing what it was, did not touch it; Demeter alone, being absorbed by grief for her lost daughter, consumed the shoulder of Pelops. Hereupon the gods ordered Hermes to put the limbs of Pelops into a caldron, and thereby restore him to life. When the process was over, Clotho took him out of the caldron, and as the shoulder consumed by Demeter was wanting, the goddess supplied its place by one made of ivory; his descendants (the Pelopidae), as a mark of their origin, were believed to have one shoulder as white as ivory.

(b) As an oracle had declared to Oenomaüs that he should be killed by his son-in-law, he refused giving his daughter Hippodamia in marriage to any one. But since many suitors appeared, Oenomaüs declared that he would bestow her hand upon the man who should conquer him in the chariot-race, but that he should kill all who were defeated by him. Among other suitors Pelops also presented himself; but when he saw the heads of his conquered predecessors stuck up above the door of Oenomaüs he was seized with fear, and endeavoured to gain the favour of Myrtilus, the charioteer of Oenomaüs, promising him half the kingdom if he would assist him in conquering his master. Myrtilus agreed, and drew out the linchpins of the chariot of Oenomaüs. In the race the chariot of Oenomaüs broke down, and he was thrown out and killed. Thus Hippodamia became the wife of Pelops. But as Pelops had now gained his object, he was unwilling to keep faith with Myrtilus; and accordingly, as they were driving along a cliff, he threw Myrtilus into the sea. As Myrtilus sank he cursed Pelops and his whole race. Pelops returned with Hippodamia to Pisa in Elis, and soon also made himself master of Olympia, where he restored the Olympian Games with greater splendour than they had ever been celebrated before.

(c) Chrysippus was the favourite of his father, and was, in consequence, envied by his brothers. The eldest two among them, Atreus and Thyestes, with the connivance of Hippodamia, accordingly murdered Chrysippus, and threw his body into a well. Pelops, who suspected his sons of the murder, expelled them from the country. Hippodamia, dreading the anger of her husband, fled to Midea in Argolis, whence her remains were afterwards conveyed by Pelops to Olympia.

Pelops, after his death, was honoured at Olympia above all other heroes. His tomb, with an iron sarcophagus, existed on the banks of the Alpheus, not far from the temple of Artemis, near Pisa. The spot on which his sanctuary (Πελόπιον) stood in the Altis was said to have been dedicated by Heracles, who also offered to him the first sacrifices. The magistrates of the Eleans likewise offered to him there an annual sacrifice, consisting of a black ram, with special ceremonies. The name of Pelops was so celebrated that it was constantly used by the poets in connection with his descendants and the cities they inhabited. Hence we find Atreus, the son of Pelops, called Pelopeïus Atreus, and Agamemnon, the grandson or great-grandson of Atreus, called Pelopeïus Agamemnon. In the same way Iphigenia, the daughter of Agamemnon, and Hermioné, the wife of Menelaüs, are each called by Ovid Pelopeïa virgo. Vergil (Aen. ii. 193) uses the phrase Pelopea moenia to signify the cities in Peloponnesus which Pelops and his descendants ruled over; and in like manner Mycenae is called by Ovid Pelopeïades Mycenae.

Pelops Pelops, infant son of Agamemnon and Cassandra

• murdered by Aegiothus: Paus. 2.16.6ff.
• tomb at Mycenae: Paus. 2.16.6

Pelops(2), called by Xerxes a Phrygian settler in Greece

• Hdt. 7.8, Hdt. 7.11
• Pelopides a title of Agamemnon: Hdt. 7.159
• the Lydian: Paus. 5.1.6
• father of Epidaurus: Paus. 2.26.2
• driven from Sipylus by Ilus the Phrygian: Paus. 2.22.3
• crosses from Asia: Paus. 5.1.6
• comes to Olympia: Paus. 2.5.7
• desires to wed Hippodamia: Paus. 5.13.7
• dedicates myrtle-tree as image of Aphrodite: Paus. 5.13.7
• loved by Hippodamia, wins her in the chariot-race: Apollod. E.2.5
• prepares to race Oenomaus: Paus. 5.10.6ff.
• bribes Myrtilus: Paus. 8.14.11
• buries something which frightens horses of Oenomaus: Paus. 6.20.18
• sacrifices to Cydonian Athena before his contest with Oenomaus: Paus. 6.21.6
• with Hippodamia pursued by Oenomaus: Paus. 5.17.7
• succeeds to the kingdom of Oenomaus in Pisa: Apollod. E.2.7
• deposes Oenomaus, prince of Pisa: Paus. 5.1.6
• acquires Olympia: Paus. 5.1.7
• drowns Myrtilus: Paus. 2.18.2, Paus. 8.14.11
• throws Myrtilus into the sea: Apollod. E.2.7
• cleansed by Hephaestus: Apollod. E.2.7
• sacrifices to Myrtilus: Paus. 6.20.17, and to Hermes: Paus. 5.1.7
• the first to found a temple of Hermes in Peloponnese: Paus. 5.1.7
• receives sceptre from Hermes and bequeaths it to Atreus: Paus. 9.40.11
• raises monument to suitors of Hippodamia: Paus. 6.21.9, and sacrifices to them annually: Paus. 6.21.11
• conquers the Peloponnese: Apollod. E.2.7
• holds Olympic games: Paus. 5.8.2
• angry with Hippodamia: Paus. 6.20.7
• his sons Pittheus, Atreus, and Thyestes: Apollod. E.2.7
• father of Atreus and Thyestes: Apollod. 2.4.6
• father of Copreus: Apollod. 2.5.1
• father of Alcathus: Apollod. 3.12.7
• father of Pittheus: Apollod. 3.15.6
• father of Sciron: Apollod. E.1.1
• father of Chrysippus: Apollod. 3.5.5
• father of Astydamia and Lysidice: Apollod. 2.4.5
• father of Nicippe: Apollod. 2.4.5
• sons of Pelops dispersed over Peloponnese: Paus. 5.8.2
• receives the exiled Laius: Apollod. 3.5.5
• treacherously murders Stymphalus, thereby bringing infertility on Greece: Apollod. 3.12.6
• boiled and brought to life again: Apollod. E.2.2
• receives a winged chariot from Poseidon: Apollod. E.2.2
• Ilium not to be taken without the bones of: Apollod. E.5.8, Apollod. E.5.10
• Pelops honoured by Eleans above all heroes of Olympia: Paus. 5.13.1
• altar of, founded by Herakles at Olympia: Apollod. 2.7.2
• black ram annually sacrificed to him: Paus. 5.13.2
• bones of Pelops preserved in bronze coffer: Paus. 6.22.1
• bone of Pelops taken to Troy and afterwards shipwrecked: Paus. 5.13.4-6
• chariot of Pelops: Paus. 2.14.4
• Isles of Pelops: Paus. 2.34.3
• precinct of Pelops at Olympia: Paus. 5.13.1, Paus. 5.14.10, Paus. 5.27.1
• sword of Pelops: Paus. 6.19.6
• throne of Pelops on Mount Sipylus: Paus. 5.13.7
• statues and other representations of Pelops in art: Paus. 5.10.6ff., Paus. 5.17.7, Paus. 5.24.7, Paus. 6.20.19