Phasis

Phāsis, ĭdis or ĭdos (acc. also Phasin, Prop. 3, 22, 11; Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 3:

• Phasim, Verg. G. 4, 367 al.; voc. Phasĭ, Ov. P. 4, 10, 52), m., = Φᾶσις.
• • A A river in Colchis, which empties into the Euxine Sea, now Rion, Mel. 1, 19, 12; Plin. 6, 4, 4, § 12: limosi Phasidos undae, Ov. M. 7, 6: sua jura cruentum Phasin habent, Stat. Th. 5, 457: Phasidis ales, a pheasant (v. in the foll. Phasiacus), id. S. 4, 6, 8; cf.: ultra Phasin capi volunt, quod ambitiosam popinam instruat, Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 3.—
  • B Transf., a town and its harbor lying at the mouth of the Phasis, a colony of the Milesians, now Poti, Mel. 1, 19, 12; Plin. 6, 4, 4, § 13.—Hence,
  • A Phāsis, ĭdis, adj. f., Phasian; poet. Colchian: volucres, i.e. pheasants, Mart. 13, 45, 1.—Subst.: Phāsis, ĭdis, f., the Colchian, a term applied to Medea; acc. Phasida, Ov. F. 2, 42.—
  • B Phā-sĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Φασιακός, of or belonging to the Phasis, Phasian; also poet. Colchian: angulus, Mel. 2, 2, 5: unda, Ov. Tr. 2, 439: terra, id. R. Am. 261: corona, which Medea presented to Creusa, id. Ib. 605: ales Phasiacis petita Colchis, i.e. the pheasant, Petr. 93, 2.—
  • C Phāsĭānus, a, um, adj., = Φασιανός, of or belonging to the Phasis, Phasian: Phasianae aves, pheasants, Plin. 10, 48, 67, § 132.—As subst.: phāsĭāna, ae, f., a pheasant, Plin. 11, 33, 39, § 114.— More freq., phāsĭānus (fāsĭān-), i, m., Suet. Vit. 13; Pall. 1, 29; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 41 fin.; Edict. Diocl. p. 14.—According to the myth, it is the metamorphosed Itys, daughter of Tereus; v. Itys.—
  • D Phā-sĭas, ădis, adj. f., = Φασιάς, of or belonging to the Phasis, Phasian; poet. Colchian: Phasias Aeetine, Ov. H. 6, 103: puella, i.e. Medea, id. P. 3, 3, 80.—Subst.: Phāsĭas. ădis, f., Medea, Ov. A. A. 2, 382.

Phāsis, ĭdis, adj., v. 1. Phasis, A.

Phasis — Phasis (Georgia), Pleiades 857276

Phāsis, idis und idos, Akk. im und in (Φασις), I) m., Grenzfluß zwischen Kleinasien u. Kolchis, der in das Schwarze Meer mündet, j. Rion oder Rioni, Mela 1, 19, 12 (1. § 108): Genet. Phasidos, Prop. 1, 20, 18. Ov. her. 6, 108; met. 7, 6: Akk. Phasim, Verg. georg. 4, 367. Colum. 8, 8, 10; Phasin, Prop. 3, 22, 11. Stat. Theb. 5, 458: Vok. Phasi, Ov. ex Pont. 4, 10, 52. – II) f., Stadt und Hafen an der Mündung des Flusses Phasis, Kolonie der Milesier, Mela 1, 19, 12 (1. § 108). Plin. 6, 13. – Dav.: A) Phāsis, idis, Akk. ida, Adi. fem., phasisch, poet. = kolchisch, mater, Ov.: volucres, Fasane, Mart.: subst., Phasis (sc. femina), die Kolchierin = Medea, Ov. – B) Phāsiacus, a, um (Φασιακός), phasisch, poet. = kolchisch, Ov.: coniunx, Medea, Sen. poët. – C) Phāsiānus (fāsiānus), a, um (Φασιανός), phasianisch, avis, Plin., u. subst. bl. phasiana, Plin., od. phasianus, Suet., der Fasan (Phasianus colchicus, L).: fasianus pastus, Edict. Diocl.: fasiana pasta, non pasta, ibid. – D) Phāsias, adis, f. (Φασιάς), phasisch, poet. = kolchisch, subst., die Kolchierin, puella, u. bl. Phasias, Medea, Ov.

1 Phāsis, is ou ĭdis, m. (Φᾶσις), le Phase [rivière] : Prop. 3, 22, 11 ; Sen. Helv. 10, 3 ; Virg. G. 4, 367 ; Ov. P. 4, 10, 52 ; Plin. 6, 12 || -sis, ĭdis, adj. f. , du Phase : Phasides volucres Mart. 13, 45, 1, faisans || -sĭānus, a, um, du Phase : Phasianæ aves Plin. 10, 132, faisans || subst. m. et f. , faisan : Suet. Vitell. 13 ; Plin. 11, 114 || -sĭăcus, a, um, du Phase ; de la Colchide ; de Médée : Mela 2, 22 ; Ov. Tr. 2, 1, 439 ; Rem. 261.

2 Phāsis, is, m. , nom dʼh. : Mart. 5, 8, 4.

3 Phāsis, ĭdis, f. , femme du Phase = Médée : Ov. F. 2, 42, v. Phasias.

Phasis

(Φᾶσις), a painter, who is only known by an epigram of Cornelius Longinus, in which he is praised for having painted the great Athenian general Cynegeirus, not, as he was usually represented, with one hand cut off (see Hdt. 6.114), but with both his hands still unmutilated; it being but fair, according to the conceit of the epigrammatist, that the hero should not be deprived of those hands which had won him immortal fame! (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 200, Anth. Plan. 4.117.) We have no indication of the painter's age; he was perhaps contemporary with the poet. [P.S]

PHASIS

PHASIS(φάσις) was often used in a general sense to denote any kind of information (Pollux, 8.47, κοινῶς δὲ φ. ἐκαλοῦντο πᾶσαι αἱ μηνύσεις τῶν λανθανόντων ἀδικημάτων), but technically it was one of the various methods by which public offenders at Athens might be prosecuted (Andoc. do Myst. § 88, ἢ γραφαὶ ἢ φάσεις ἢ ἐνδείξεις ἢ ἀπαγωγαί: cf. [Dem.] c. Aristog. 1. p. 793.78, etc.). The charge, as in the γραφή, was made in writing (also called φάσις), with the names of the prosecutor and defendant, the proposed penalty (τίμημα), and the names of the, κλητῆρες affixed (Pollux, l. c.; [Dem.] c. Theocr. p. 1323.5 ff.). The peculiarity by which the (φάσις was distinguished from other methods of prosecution seems to have been that, if the prosecution was one of a purely public nature, i. e. where the offence immediately affected the state, the prosecutor received half the penalty (τὰ ἡμίση τῶν φανθέντων, [Dem.] c. Theocr. p. 1325.13;--C. L. A. ii. No. 203 b; cf. No. 17, 1. 41 ff.; No. 546, 11. 18, 28;--Plat. Legg. 5. p. 745 A). According to Pollux (l. c.), it might be brought against five classes of offenders: viz. 1st, against those who committed offences against the mining laws,--e. g. those who encroached in their mining operations on the district reserved by the state as its own (ὀντὸς τῶν μέτρων, Hyper. pro Eux. 100.44 f.; Att. Process, ed. Lipsius, p. 1020 f.), those working unregistered mines (ἀναπόγραφα μέταλλα, Hyper. l. c. 100.43; Heffter, Athen. Gerichtsverf. p. 188); cf. Photius, s. v.; Lex. Rhet. Cantabr. p. 676, 23, emended by Meier, etc.;--2nd, against those who committed offences against the laws and customs,--e. g. those who conveyed corn anywhere but to Athens, or lent money for any other mart but Athens ([Dem.] c. Lacr. p. 940.50 f.; Dem. c. Phorm. p. 918, 37; Lyc. c. Leocr. § 27; Dem. c. Dionysod. p. 1284.6, cf. Platner, Proc.u. Klag. 2. p. 358 ff.), or who contravened the regulations of import and export (C. I. A. i. i. No. 31, i. A; ii. No. 546) by importing goods from hostile countries (Aristoph. Acharn. 819 f., 908 f.; Isocr. Trap. § 42), or exporting arms and shipbuilding material to the enemy (Dem. F. L. p. 433.286; Aristoph. Eq. 278, Ran. 362) or by defrauding the customs (Aristoph. Eq. 300);--3rd, against those who appropriated state property sine justo titulo (Isocr. c. Callim. § 6; Lex. Rhet. Cantabr. p. 676, 23. Harpocration's definition is too narrow, ὅταν τις ἀποφαίνῃ τῶν δημοσίων ἔχοντα μὴ πριάμενον: see also Bekk. Anecd. 315, 16, κατὰ τῶν ἀδικούντων χωρίον ἢ οἰκίαν ἤ τι τῶν δημοσίων);--4th, against συκοφάνται --i. e. those who brought false accusations against others, not in general, but for the offences enumerated above (Schömann, de Com. p. 178, n. 19):--5th, against guardians who wronged their wards (Dem. c. Naus. et Xen. p. 991.23; Harpocr. s. v.). Pollux (l. c.) goes on to say, ἐφαίνοντο δὲ πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα: here as in the following paragraphs ἄρχων is used in a more general sense, denoting any magistrate to whom a jurisdiction belonged. Before the archon only a φάσις against guardians might be preferred; but the σύνδικοι were the presiding magistrates in all cases of appropriation of public property sine justo titulo [SYNDIKOI, 2], and the ἐπιμεληταὶ τοῦ ἐμπορίου in all cases of offences against the import and export laws, whilst offences relating to the mines and customs and cases of false accusations came before the thesmothetae. All (φάσεις were τιμητοὶ ἀγῶνες. In prosecutions against fraudulent guardians the τίμημα went to the wards (Pollux, l. c. τὸ τιμηθὲν ἐγίγνετο τῶν ἀδικουμένων εἰ καί τις ἄλλος ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν φήνειεν: Schömann, Antiq. Jur. Publ. p. 271, n. 4, the prosecutor probably receiving a share of it); in other cases it was shared by the state and the prosecutor; sometimes a severer punishment than a fine was inflicted (Dem. c. Phorm. p. 918.37, τὰ ἔσχατα ἐπιτίμια: cf. Lyc. c. Leocr. § 27), and the cargoes and ships of those contravening the export and import laws were confiscated (Boeckh, Seeurk. p. 230; cf. Dem. c. Mid. p. 558.133). The prosecutor was probably liable to the payment of πρυτανεῖα, inasmuch as he might reap advantage from the result; if he failed to obtain a fifth part of the votes, he was subject to the fine of a thousand drachmas and partial disfranchisement (Dem. c. Theocr. p. 1326.6; Lex. Rhet. Cantabr. p. 677, 10). Pollux (l. c.), it is true, says that in that case he was liable to the ἐπωβελία, but he very probably confounds the two fines. We have no speech left us by the Orators on the subject of a (φάσις, but only mention of a lost speech of Lysias, πρὸς τὴν φάσιν τοῦ ὀρφανικοῦ οἴκου (Harpocr. s. v. = fragm. 203).

The proceedings taken against those who cut down more olive-trees than the law permitted resembled much those of the φάσις: the offender had to pay for each tree a fine of a hundred drachmas to the state, and a like sum τῷ ἰδιώτῃ τῷ ἐπεξιόντι, and the prosecutor had to pay πρυτανεῖα τοῦ αὑτοῦ μέρους ([Dem.] c. Macart. p. 1074.71, lex). (Att. Process, ed. Lipsius, pp. 294-302, 812).

[C.R.K] [H.H]

PHASIS

PHASIS (Φᾶσις), a navigable river in Colchis, on the east of the Euxine, which was regarded in ancient times as forming the boundary between Europe and Asia, and as the remotest point in the east to which a sailer on the Euxine could proceed. (Strab. 11. p. 497; Eustath. ad Dionys. Per. 687; Arrian, Peripl. Pont. Eux. p. 19; Hdt. 4.40; Plat. Phaed. p. 109; Anonym. Peripl. Pont. p. 1; Procop. Bell. Goth. 4.2, 6.) Subsequently it came to be looked upon as forming the boundary line between Asia Minor and Colchis. Its sources are in the southernmost part of the Montes Moschici (Plin. Nat. 6.4; Solin. 20); and as these mountains were sometimes regarded as a part of Mount Caucasus, Aristotle and others place its sources in the Caucasus. (Strab. 11. p. 492, 12. p. 548; Aristot. Met. 1.13; Procop. l. c.; Geogr. Rav. 4.20.) Strabo (11. p. 497; comp. Dionys. Per. 694; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. 2.401) makes the Phasis in a general way flow from the mountains of Armenia, and Apollonius specifies its sources as existing in the country of the Amaranti, in Colchis. For the first part of its course westward it bore the name Boas (Procop. Bell. Pers. 2.29), and after receiving the waters of its tributaries Rhion, Glaucus, and Hippus, it discharges itself as a navigable river into the Euxine, near the town of Phasis. (Strab. xi. pp. 498, 500; Plin. l. c.) Some of the most ancient writers believed, that the Phasis was connected with the Northern Ocean. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. 4.259; Pind. P. 4.376, Isthm. 2.61.) The length of its course was also erroneously estimated by some at 800 Roman miles (Jul. Honor. p. 697, ed. Gronov.), but Aethicus (Cosmogr. p. 719) states it more correctly to be only 305 miles. The fact is that its course is by no means very long, but rapid, and of such a nature as to form almost a semicircle; whence Agathemerus (2.10) states that its mouth was not far from its sources. (Comp. Strab. 11. p. 500; Apollon. 2.401; Ov. Met. 7.6; Ammian. 22.8; Prise. 673.) The water of the Phasis is described as very cold, and as so light that it swam like oil on the Euxine. (Arrian, Peripl. Pont. Eux. p. 7, &c.; Procop. Bell. Pers. ii. 30; comp. Hesiod. Theog. 340; Hecat. Fragm. 187; Hdt. 4.37, 45, 86; Scylax, p. 25; Plb. 4.56, 5.55; Ptol. 5.10. § § 1, 2.) The different statements of the ancients respecting the sources and the course of this river probably arose from the fact that different rivers were understood by the name Phasis; but the one which in later times was commonly designated by it, is undoubtedly the modern Rioni or Rion, which is sometimes also mentioned under the name Fachs, a corruption of Phasis. It has been conjectured with great probability that the river called Phasis by Aeschylus (ap. Arrian, l. c. ) is the Hypanis; and that the Phasis of Xenophon (Xen. Anab. 4.6.4) is no other than the Araxes, which is actually mentioned by Constantine Porphyr. (de Admin. Imp. 45) under the two names Erax and Phasis.

[L.S]

PHASIS

PHASIS (Φᾶσις), the easternmost town on the coast of the Euxine, on the southern bank, and near the mouth of the river Phasis, which is said to have received this name from the town having previously been called Arcturus. (Plot. de Fluv. s. v.; Eustath. ad Dion. Per. 689.) It was situated in a plain between the river, the sea, and a lake, and had been founded by the Milesians as a commercial establishment. (Strab. 11. p. 498; Steph. B. s. v.) The country around it was very fertile, and rich in timber, and carried on a considerable export commerce. In the time of Ammianus Marcellinus (Ammian. 22.8), the place still existed as a fort, with a garrison of 400 picked men. It contained a temple of Cybele, the great goddess of the Phasiani. (Comp. Arrian, Peripl. Pont. Eux. p. 9; Scylax, p. 32; Strab. xi. pp. 497, 500; Ptol. 5.10.2, 8.19.4; Pomp. Mela, 1.19; Plin. Nat. 6.4; Zosim. 2.33.) Some geographers regard Phasis and Sebastopolis as two names belonging to the same place [SEBASTOPOLIS]. The name of the town and river Phasis still survives in the languages of Europe in the wood pheasants (phasianae aves), these birds being said to have been introduced into Europe from those regions as early as the time of the Argonauts. (Aristoph. Acharn. 726; Plin. Nat. 2.39, 44, 10.67; Martial (Mart. 3.57, 16; Suet. Vit. 13; Petron. 93.)

[L.S]

PHASIS

PHASIS (Φᾶσις), a river of Taprobane or Ceylon. It is clear from the statement of Ptolemy that it was on the N. side of the island; but like other rivers and places in that island, it is hardly possible now to identify it with any modern stream. Forbiger has conjectured that it is the same as the Aweríe. Lassen has supposed it to be the Ambá, in that portion of the island which was called Nagadwîpa. If this be so, it flowed into the sea a little to the N. of the narrow ledge of rocks which connects Ceylon with the mainland of Hindostán. Forbiger further supposes that this is the same river which Pliny calls Cydara in his account of the island of Taprobane (6.22. s. 24).

[V]

Phasis

(Φᾶσις). (1) A celebrated river of Colchis, flowing into the eastern end of the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea). It was famous in connection with the story of the Argonautic expedition. Hence Medea is called Phasias, and the adjective Phasiacus is used in the sense of Colchicus. (See Argonautae.) It has given name to the pheasant (phasianus), which is said to have been first brought to Greece from its banks.

(2) Near the mouth of the river, on its southern side, was a town of the same name, founded by the Milesians.

Phasis Phasis, a river in Colchis at the E. end of the Euxine

• Apollod. 1.9.22, Hdt. 4.37
• the Argonauts there: Apollod. 1.9.22, Hdt. 1.2
• distance from the Palus Maeotis: Hdt. 1.104
• Sesostris' army there: Hdt. 2.103
• boundary of Europe and Asia: Hdt. 4.45
• its deadly creatures: Paus. 4.34.2