Vulcanus

Vulcānus, v. Volcanus.

Vulcānus (Volcānus), ī, m. (griech. Ἥφαιστος), Vulkan, der Gott der Feuerflamme, nach der Sage Sohn Jupiters und der Juno, Gemahl der Venus, der für die Götter und Heroen durch seine Zyklopen Waffen, Donnerkeile usw. schmieden ließ, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 55. Hor. carm. 1, 4, 7 sq. Liv. 22, 10, 9. – Er hatte Tempel in Rom und außerhalb Roms, Liv. 24, 10, 9; 32, 29, 1: u. in Rom einen geweihten Platz (area), Liv. 9, 46, 6; 40, 19, 2. Iul. Obseq. 4 (59) sq., wo seine Statue aufgestellt war, caput Vulcani arsit, Liv. 34, 45, 6. – Man pflegte ihm die Waffen zu weihen, Liv. 8, 10, 13, u. vom Feinde erbeutete Waffen ihm zu Ehren öffentlich zu verbrennen, Liv. 1, 37, 5; 30, 6, 9; vgl. Serv. Verg. Aen. 8, 562. – insula Vulcani (Ἡφαίστου νησος), die Vulkaninsel, die südlichste, der sizilischen Küste zunächst gelegene von den liparischen Inseln, so benannt, weil sie am häufigsten vulkanische Erscheinungen zeigte u. daher als Hauptsitz Vulkans galt, j. Vulcanello, Liv. 21, 49, 2: Plur. insulae Vulcani, die liparischen Inseln, Liv. 21, 51, 3. – appell., die Flamme, das Feuer, Volcanum in cornu conclusum gerere, das Feuer in einer Hornlaterne eingeschlossen tragen, Plaut. Amph. 341: Volcano studeo, v. einem Koche, Plaut. aul. 359: totis Vulcanum spargere tectis, Verg. Aen. 7, 77: Vulcanum naribus efflant, Ov. met. 7, 104. – Dav.: A) Vulcānius (Volcānius), a, um, zu Vulkan gehörig, vulkanisch, vis, Lucil. fr.: acies, Feuermasse, Verg.: amnis, Lavastrom, Claud.: Lemnos, dem Vulkan geweiht, heilig, Ov.: Vulcaniis armis, mit unüberwindlichen Waffen, Cic. – B) Vulcānālis (Volcānālis), e, zu Vulkan gehörig, vulkanisch, flamen, Varro LL. 5, 84. Macr. sat. 1, 12, 18. – subst., a) Vulcānal, ālis, Abl. ālī, n., ein dem Vulkan geweihter Platz (area) über dem Komitium in Rom, Fest. 290 (b), 22. Plin. 16, 236. Aur. Vict. de vir. ill 11, 2. – b) Vulcānālia, iōrum, n., das jährlich am 23. Aug. begangene Fest des Vulkan, die Vulkanalien, Varro LL. 6, 20. Colum. 11, 3, 18 u. 47. Serv. comm. in Pompeii comm. (V) 196, 24. Donat. 434, 32: Genet. Volcanaliorum, Sall. hist. fr. 4, 68 (70 u. 71, wo Pompeii comment. 196, 21 K. Genet. Vulcanalium verlangt); vgl. Charis. 62, 19: Abl. Vulcanalibus, Plin. 17, 260. Plin. ep. 3, 5, 8.

Vulcanus [CL], Roman god of fire, Vulcan. b fire, flames. Jonan [i. e. Juno], filia [sic] ~i Gl. Leid. 28. 13; Venerem uxorem ~i Bern. Comm. Aen. 10.  b orior candenti corpore ‥ / ‥ Vulcani torre rigescens Aldh. Aen. 70 (Tortella) 2; bachantes ‥ / Vulcanum tecto, quo transiit ille, adhibebant Frith. 1372; aliis intenta negotiis, dum panes ~o requirit ‥ ardere conspicit V. Neot. A 12.

Vulcānus (11) (Volc-), ī, m. , Vulcain [dieu du feu, fils de Jupiter et de Junon, époux de Vénus ; avait sa résidence sous lʼEtna où il forgeait les foudres de Jupiter] : Cic. Nat. 1, 83 ; 3, 55 || [fig.] feu, flamme, incendie : Virg. En. 7, 77 ; vulcanum in cornu gerere Pl. Amph. 34, porter de la lumière dans une lanterne [de corne] || -nĭus, a, um, de Vulcain : Cic. Tusc. 2, 33 || du feu, de lʼincendie : Virg. En. 10, 408 || Vulcaniæ insulæ Cic. Nat. 3, 55, les îles Vulcaniennes ou Éoliennes, près de la Sicile || -nālis, e, de Vulcain : Varro L. 5, 84.

vulcanus, i. m.
火神。火。

Suggest a Translation
See an image

Vulca'nus

the Roman god of fire, whose name seems to be connected with fulgere, fulgur, and fulmen. His worship was of considerable political importance at Rome, for a temple is said to have been erected to him close by the comitium as early as the time of Romulus and Tatius, in which the two kings used to meet and settle the affairs of the state, and near which the popular assembly was held. (Dionys. A. R. 2.50, 6.67; Plut. Quaest. Rom. 47.)

Tatius is reported to have established the worship of Vulcan along with that of Vesta, and Romulus to have dedicated to him a quadriga after his victory over the Fidenatans, and to have set up a statue of himself near the temple. (Dionys. A. R. 2.54; Plut. Rom. 24.) According to others the temple was built by Romulus himself, who also planted near it the sacred lotus-tree which still existed in the days of Pliny. (H. N. 16.44; P. Victor, Reg. Urb. iv.) These circumstances, and what is related of the lotus-tree, shows that the temple of Vulcan, like that of Vesta, was regarded as a central point of the whole state, and hence it was perhaps not without a meaning that subsequently the temple of Concord was built within the same district. (Liv. 9.46, 40.19, 36.46.) The most ancient festival in honour of Vulcan seems to have been the Fornacalia or Furnalia, he being the god of furnaces (Isidor. 19.6. 2; Fest. p. 88); but his great festival was called Vulcanalia, and was celebrated on the 23d of August. (Dict. of Ant. s. v.) The Roman poets transfer all the stories which are related of the Greek Hephaestus to their own Vulcan, the two divinities having in the course of time been completely identified. [L.S]

Vulcānus

or Volcānus (which is the earlier form of the word). The Italian god of fire. Vulcanus differed originally from Vesta in being the god rather of destructive fire than of the kindly hearth-fire; and it is probable that the Vulcānal as one of the central sanctuaries in an Italian town (e.g. the altar and Area Vulcani in the Comitium at Rome) was originally a place for propitiatory offerings against destructive fire. In this way Vulcanus was connected with the goddess who stayed conflagrations (Stata Mater). That, however, in some places he was at one time also regarded as a god of the hearth-fire is indicated by the story of his son Caeculus (see Caecus), and perhaps by that of Servius Tullius. But another primitive characteristic was his benign influence also as a god of summer heat, which led to his being paired with Maia, the goddess of spring or summer crops fostered by the sun (Gell. xiii. 23; Macrob. i. 12; Varr. L. L. v. 84); and in this aspect he may have been connected with the Italian Venus even before the Greek influence introduced this association from the analogy of Hephaestus and Aphrodité. As regards the connection of the Italian Vulcan with the smith's works of forging and melting, there is no clear evidence. It is asserted that Mulcĭber, a synonym of Vulcanus (and possibly once the name of another deity amalgamated or identified with him), represents this function of Vulcan, and is derived from mulcere, to soften metals; but this is by no means certain, and it is possible that the connection of Vulcanus (or Mulciber) with metal-work and the smithy is merely part of the transference to him of all the attributes of Hephaestus, with whom he is entirely identified in literature. For the myths thus transferred to Vulcanus, see Hephaestus.