utrum

utrum defenditis an impugnatis plebem?
do you defend or attack the common people? di utrum sint necne quaeritur
it is sought whether the gods are or are not

ū̆trum, adv. [uter].

• Introducing an alternative question (direct or indirect), with an beginning the second clause (v. an); in Engl. represented in direct questions simply by the tone of voice, and in indirect questions by whether.
• • A In a direct interrogation.
  • • 1 With ne,
    • • • α Attached to the emphatic word of the first clause: utrum tu masne an femina es? Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 16 (104): Ba. Simulato me amare. Pi. Utrum ego istoc jocon' assimulem, an serio, id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42 (76): utrum studione id sibi habet an laudi putat Fore? Ter. Ad. 382: utrum igitur tandem perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur? Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67: utrum censes illum tuamne de se orationem libentius auditurum fuisse an meam? id. ib. 2, 19, 60.—
        • β With ne attached to utrum, utrumne ... an (poet. and post-Aug.): utrumne jussi persequemur otium ... An hunc laborem, etc. Hor. Epod. 1, 7: utrumne salvum eum nolet orator, an? etc., Quint. 12, 1, 40: utrumne igitur ego sum, Domiti, exemplo gravis an tu, qui, etc., Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4.—
        • γ With ne repeated in place of an (very rare): sed utrum terraene motus, sonitusne inferum Pervasit auris?Att. ap. Prisc. 6, p. 680 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 479 Rib.).—
    • 2 Without ne, utrum ... an (class.): utrum pro ancillā me habes, an pro filiā? Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 13 (341): utrum hac me feriam, an ab laevā, latus? id. Cist. 3, 13 (643): sed utrum nunc tu coelibem ted esse mavis liberum, an maritum servom, etc., id. Cas. 2, 4, 11 (289): utrum pro dimidiā parte, an pro totā societate? Utrum pro me an pro me et pro te? Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 32: utrum ea vestra an nostra culpa est? id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 29, 95; id. Tusc. 1, 25, 61.—
  • B In an indirect interrogation.
  • • 1 With ne attached,
    • • • α To the emphatic word of the first clause: sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem Nescio, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 18 (212): videndum'st primum utrum eae velintne an non velint, id. Most. 3, 1, 151 (682): cum animo depugnat suo, Utrum itane esse ma. velit ... an ita potius, id. Trin. 2, 2, 26 (301); id. Ps. 2, 4, 19 (712); id. Bacch. 3, 4, 1 (500): de istac rogas Virgine? Py. Ita, utrum praedicemne an taceam? Ter. Eun. 720: ea res nunc in discrimine versatur, utrum possitne se parsimonia defendere, an, etc., Cic. Quint. 30, 92: videamus, utrum ea fortuitane sint an eo statu, quo, etc., id. N. D. 2, 34, 87; id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.: est ... illa distinctio, utrum ... an ... et utrum illudne ... an, etc., id. Tusc. 4, 27, 59.—
        • β With ne attached to utrum; utrumne ... an (poet. and post-Aug.): nec quidquam differre utrumne in pulvere ... ludas opus, an meretricis amore Sollicitus plores, Hor. S. 2, 3, 251: utrumne Divitiis homines an sint virtute beati, id. ib. 2, 6, 73: in eo plures dissenserunt, utrumne hae partes essent rhetorices, an ejusdem opera, an elementa, Quint. 3, 3, 13: Dareus dubitaverat utrumne circa Mesopotamiam subsisteret, an interiora regna sui peteret, Curt. 4, 9, 1; Col. 11, 1, 50; Suet. Caes. 80; Tac. Or. 37.—
        • γ With ne attached to an; utrum ... anne: me jussit percontarier utrum aurum reddat anne eat secum simul, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 4 (576): est quaerendumque utrum una species sit earum anne plures, Cic. Or. 61, 206: id autem utrum illi sentiant anne simulent, tu intelleges, id. Att. 12, 51, 2; cf. uter, I. B. 4, fin.—
    • 2 Without ne: quid tu, malum, curas, Utrum crudum an coctum edim, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 (430): facite indicium, utrum hac an illac iter institerit, id. Cist. 4, 2, 11 (681): utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, incertus sum, Ter. Phorm. 659: id utrum Romano more locutus sit, an, quomodo Stoici dicunt, postea videro, Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 3: permultum interest, utrum perturbatione aliquā animi, an consulto fiat injuria, id. Off. 1, 8, 27: quid interest utrum hoc feceris, an, etc., id. Verr. 2, 3, 75, § 174; id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9: multum interest, utrum laus imminuatur, an salus deseratur, id. Fam. 1, 7, 8: quomodo transierit, utrum rate an piscatorio navigio, nemo sciebat, Cael. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 41; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8; Cat. 17, 21.—
    • 3 With necne (rarely ne) in place of the second clause with an; utrum ... necne, whether ... or not: jam dudum ego erro, qui quaeram, utrum emeris necne, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 35: di utrum sint necne sint quaeritur, id. N. D. 3, 7, 17: utrum proelium committi ex usu esset necne, Caes. B. G. 1, 50: deliberent, utrum traiciant legiones necne ... et Brutum arcessant necne, et mihi stipendium dent an decernant, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 26; Liv. 39, 48, 2.—So, utrum ... ne: cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret? matrem inquit, Nep. Iphic. 3, 4.—
• II Introducing a disjunctive question with more than two members, with an beginning each clause after the first.
• • A A direct question: utrum hoc tu parum commeministi, an ego non satis intellexi, an mutasti sententiam? Cic. Att. 9, 2: utrum hoc signum cupiditatis tuae an tropaeum necessitudinis an amoris indicium esse voluisti? id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; 2, 3, 36, § 83: utrum hostem an vos an fortunam utriusque populi ignoratis? Liv. 21, 10, 6; 6, 7, 3: utrum major ... an majores ... an aetas ... an cum Karthaginiensi, etc., id. 28, 43, 12.—
  • B An indirect question: in quo (convivio) nemo potest dicere utrum ille plus biberit an vomuerit an effuderit, Cic. Pis. 10, 22: utrum admonitus an temptatus an sine duce ullo ... nescio, id. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 105.—
• III Introducing a single question without an expressed alternative (cf. the similar use of an).
• • • • a In a direct interrogation: utrum enim in clarissimis est civibus is, quem judicatum hic duxit Hermippus? Cic. Fl. 19, 45: utrum igitur hactenus satis est? id. Top. 4, 25: utrum majores vestri omnium magnarum rerum et principia exorti ab diis sunt et finem eum statuerunt? Liv. 45, 39, 10.—
      • b In an indirect interrogation: neque utrum ex hoc saltu damni salvum scio eliciam foras, Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 30 (995): an hoc dicere audebis, utrum de te aratores, utrum denique Siculi universi bene existiment, ad rem id non pertinere? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 167: Nep. Eum. 6, 1.—With the interrog. particle nam: cum percontatus esset, utrumnam Patris universa classis in portu stare posset, Liv. 37, 17, 10 dub. Weissenb. ad loc. (Hertz and Madv. possetne).

utrum, Adv. (uter), auch verstärkt durch ne u. nam in utrumne, utrumnam, leitet das erste Glied eines disjunktiven Frage- od. Zweifelsatzes ein, mit korresp. an, annon u.a.u. ohne Schlußsatz, deutsch ob, wohl, od. durch den bloßen Frageton ausgedrückt, I) in direkter Frage: a) m. korresp. Schlußsatz: α) m. an: utrum ea vestra an nostra culpa est? Cic.: utrum enim defenditis an impugnatis plebem? Liv. – mit mehr als einem Schlußsatz, utrum... abstulit? an... dedit? an ademit? an... commutavit? Cic. – utrum verstärkt durch ne, u. zwar ne an das nächste, durch die Frage betonte Wort angehängt (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 265. Spengel Ter. adelph. 382), utrum ego istuc iocon(e) assimulem an serio? Plaut.: utrum praedicemne an taceam? Ter. (vgl. no. II, a, α). – od. mit utrum in utrumne verb., utrumne os an culum olfacerem Aemilio, Catull.: de Oceano dubitant, utrumne terras velut vinculum circumfluat an in suum colligatur orbem, Sen. rhet.: utrumne ego igitur sum Domitii exemplo gravis, an ut etc.? Plin.: utrumne salvum eum nolet orator, an etc.? Quint. – β) m. annon: utrum cetera nomina in codicem accepti et expensi digesta habes, annon? Cic. – γ) m. necne: curiosissime attenti, utrum necne philosophus morte turbaretur, Augustin. de civ. dei 9, 4, 2. p. 372, 16 D.²: de ipsius boni veritate, quod sectandum videtur, utrum sit necne dubitandum, ibid. 19, 1, 3. p. 350, 14 D.²: vellem tamen sciscitari utrum necne cum corporibus resurgatur, Min. Fel. 11, 7 (nach Dombarts Verbesserung). – b) in einfacher Frage ohne den Schlußsatz mit an (s. Nipperd. Nep. Eum. 6, 1): utrum hoc bellum non est? Cic.: utrum enim est in clarissimis civibus is, quem iudicatum hic duxit Hermippus? Cic.: utrum maiores vestri... exorti ab diis sunt et finem eum statuerunt? Liv. – II) in indirekter Frage: a) mit korresp. an, anne, annon, necne: α) mit an: multum interest, utrum laus imminuatur an salus deseratur, Cic.: utrum rati an piscatorio navigio (transierit), nemo sciebat, Cael. b. Quint.: desinite dubitare, utrum sit utilius propter multos improbos uni parcere, an etc., Cic. – utrum verstärkt durch ne, u. zwar ne an das nächste, durch die Frage betonte Wort angehängt (vgl. oben no. I, a, α), zB. ea res nunc in discrimine versatur, utrum possitne se defendere, an etc., Cic.: quaesiturum ab eo simul, utrum iisne urbibus decedere se aequum censeat, quas ab se ipso captas iure belli habeat, an iis etiam, quas a maioribus suis accepisset, Liv. – od. m. utrum in utrumne verb., non multum interest, utrumne de furto aut formula et interdicto dicendum habeas, an de ambitu comitiorum, Tac. dial.: in eo plures dissenserunt, utrumne hae partes essent rhetorices, an etc., Quint. – β) m. anne: utrum illi sentiant, anne simulent, tu intelleges, Cic.: quaerendum utrum una... anne plures, Cic.: percunctarier, utrum aurum reddat, anne eat secum simul, Plaut. – γ) m. annon: utrum sit annon voltis, Plaut.: spectasse, utrum saluber locus esset annon? Varro. – δ) m. necne: iam dudum ego erro, qui quaeram, utrum emeris necne, Cic.: utrum proelium committi ex usu esset necne, Caes. – b) ohne den Schlußsatz mit an: an hoc dicere audebis, utrum de te aratores, utrum denique Siculi universi bene existiment, ad rem id non pertinere? Cic. – utrum verstärkt durch nam, zB. cum percontatus esset, utrumnam Pataris universa classis in portu stare posset, Liv. 37, 17, 10 (Hertz possetne Patris): quaerentes, utrumnam stellas animantes an inanimantes esse dicamus, Firm. math. 1, 2, 12: et consuluerunt posthaec dominum, utrumnam venturus esset illuc, Vulg. 1. regg. 10, 22: recenseat in bibliotheca regis, utrumnam a Cyro rege iussum fuerit, ut aedificaretur domus dei in Ierusalem? Vulg. 1. Esdr. 5, 17.

utrum [CL] 1 (introducing dir. disjunctive qu.); b (w. -ne, in quot. without expressed alternative). ~um victoriosius oro an post gravem luctam ‥ tandem hostem superare an statim ‥ triumphare? Gir. GE II 8 p. 206.  b quod si illud insigne regium aliqua (ut fit) violentia concussum corruerit, suo regnatrix solio humi dejecto ~umne exsulabit? Pull. Sent. 691A. 2 (introducing indir. disjunctive qu.) if, whether (‥ or); b (w. -ne); c (without expressed alternative). ut ‥ experiretur Dominus solito more praesentem Israelem, ~um diligat eum an non Gildas EB 26; interrogavit ~um idem insulani Christiani an paganis adhuc erroribus essent inplicati Bede HE II 1; ~um per ignorantiam aut propter aliam ‥ malevolentiam Asser Alf. 106; nesciunt qua ratione eam habebant, ~um vi vel dono patrui sui DB I 375rb; 1279 ponunt se super patriam sub hec forma: scilicet †utinam [l. ~um] ‥ Griffinus levavit ‥ feyrriam ‥ seu antecessores ipsius Griffini ipsam feyrriam ‥ levaverunt Law Merch. III 142; ~um ‥ illud jus sit proprio nomine nominatum vel sit innominatum, non est curandum ad praesens Ockham Pol. I 316.  b age, inquit, quid si virum meliorem habeat quam tu habes, ~umne tuum virum malis an illius? Alcuin Rhet. 30; dubitare ~umne corpus sancti Nicholai secum haberent an ipse ab eis ultra ferri vellet ceperunt Ord. Vit. VII 12 p. 213; virgo secum cepit revolvere ~umne mandatum expleat an desistat V. Chris. Marky. 56.  c c802 dic, doctor prudentissime, ~umne mors sit substantia Alcuin Ep. 307 p. 470; dum dicitur de quolibet: non est sanus, addubitat aliquis ~um insanum velit intelligi Abbo QG 21 (47); ~um vero aliqua contineantur, inquirere supersedeo Anselm (Mon. 15) I 29; quandoque dubitabile fuit ~um venirent in causam redhibitionis P. Blois Ep. 101. 312C. 3 (leg., in name of writ for assize orig. to determine whether matter was for ecclesiastical or lay court, later spec. to determine whether land claimed by rector of church was church land alienated by his predecessor or lay land of its current holder). de assisa de ~um ‥ per assisam ‥ istam recognoscitur utrum tenementum de quo agitur sit laycum feodum tenentis vel libera elemosina pertinens ad ecclesiam querentis Fleta 332; 1309 jurata de ~um, ou le bref fut porté vers plusours par diverses precipes: ou le bref s’abatist vers un, hoc non obstante les autres resp[ondirent] pur ceo q’il avoit diverses precipe (PlRCP) Year Bk. I (Selden Soc. XVII) 52; breve libertatum W. de E., liberandum justiciariis de banco pro placitis de ~um MGL II 112; omnia placita terre ‥ in hustengo placitantur exceptis brevi de dote, jurata de ~um Ib. II 369.

ŭtrum, (7) ¶ 1 n. de uter ; [interrog.] litt^t , laquelle des deux choses ? utrum hoc est confirmare... an debilitare ? Cic. Phil. 5, 4, quel est le résultat ? affermir ou affaiblir ? cogitare utrum esset utilius, suisne servire an Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 73, se demander quelle était la situation la plus avantageuse pour eux, être asservis à leurs compatriotes ou... ¶ 2 adv. dʼinterr. double dir. et indir ; a) [dir.] utrum... an ? est-ce que ou bien ? [ind.] si... ou si, v. an ; b) utrum suivi de ne... an, même sens, v. an ; c) utrum... necne, est-ce que... ou non ? si ou non, v. ne ; d) utrumne... an = utrum... an Cic. Inv. 1, 51 ; Hor. Epo. 1, 7 ; S. 2, 3, 251 ; 2, 6, 73 ; Sen. Marc. 12, 3 ; Vita b. 23, 4 ; Helv. 9, 1 ; Quint. 12, 1, 40, etc. ¶ 3 qqf. interr. simple ; a) [dir.] est-ce que ? Cic. Fl. 45 ; Top. 25 ; Liv. 45, 39, 10 ; b) [ind.] si : Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 167 ; Nep. Eum. 6, 1.

utrum . adv.
豈是。焉。安有。

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utrum adv.

• uter.
• II. Introducing a direct question, and expressed in English only by the mark of interrogation: utrum pro me an pro me et pro te?: utrum hostem an vos an fortunam utriusque populi ignoratis? L.—Strengthened by ne(attached to an emphatic word; or poet. to utrum): Utrum studione in sibi habet an laudi putat Fore? T.: utrum igitur tandem perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur?: Utrumne iussi persequemur otium . . . An hunc laborem, etc., H.—Without an expressed alternative: utrum enim est in clarissimis civibus is, quem iudicatum hic duxit Hermippus?—
• IIII. Introducing an indirect question, whether: Utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, incertus sum, T.: utrum inpudentior hic . . . an crudelior illa, difficile dictu est: est quaerendumque utrum una species sit earum anne plures: iam dudum ego erro, qui quaeram, utrum emeris necne, whether . . . or not: utrum proelium committi ex usu esset necne, Cs.: cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret? matrem inquit, whether . . . or.—Strengthened by ne(attached to an emphatic word; or poet. to utrum): (rogo) utrum praedicemne an taceam? T.: videamus, utrum ea fortuitane sint an eo statu, quo, etc.: utrum admonitus an temptatus an sine duce ullo pervenerit . . . nescio: Nec quidquam differre utrumne in pulvere . . . ludas opus, an meretricis amore Sollicitus plores, H.—Without an expressed alternative: an hoc dicere audebis, utrum de te aratores bene existiment, ad rem id non pertinere?