Aeneas

Aenēas, ae, m. (also in the nom. Aenea, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 50 P.; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 61; gen. sometimes Aeneā, Apul. Orth. § 23 Osann.; acc. Aenean often, after the Gr. Αἰνείαν, Ov. F. 5, 568; id. H. 7, 36; voc. Aenēā, Poët. ap Varr. L. L. 6, § 60 Müll.; Ov. H. 7, 9),

• = Αἰνείας, Aeneas, son of Venus and Anchises, the hero of Virgil's epic poem, and ancestor of the Romans, worshipped after his death as Juppiter Indiges; cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, 207 sq.

Aenēas (Nbf. Aenēa), ae, m. (Αἰνείας; griech. Akk. Aenean, Αἰνείαν, oft bei Dicht., zB. Verg. Aen. 1, 260. Ov. her. 7, 26; vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ Bd. 1 S. 88 u. 89: Vok. Aenea, Poët. b. Varr. LL. 6, 60. Ov. her. 7, 9), Äneas, Sohn des Anchises und der Venus, Held des vergilischen Epos, Ahnherr der Römer, nach seinem Tode als Iuppiter Indiges verehrt, Verg. Aen. lib. 1–12. Liv. 1, 1 sq. – Aeneae mater, Venus, Ov. art. am. 1, 60: Aeneae urbs, v. Rom, Ov. am. 1, 8, 42. – Dav. abgel.: A) Aeneadēs, ae, m. (Αἰνεάδης), ein männl. Nachkomme des Äneas, der Äneade, a) Sing.: α) des Äneas Sohn Askanius, Verg. – β) der durch erfundene Genealogien als Äneas Nachkomme bezeichnete Augustus, Ov. – γ) ein Römer, zB. Scipio, Sil. – b) Plur. Aeneadae, ārum (u. ûm), m., α) = die Gefährten des Äneas, Verg.; od. Trojaner übh., Verg. – β) = die Römer, Verg. u. Ov. (Genet. ûm, zB. Lucr. 1, 1. Verg. Aen. 1, 565. Arnob. 4, 27; vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ 1, 34). – B) Aenēis (aber Ov. ex Pont. 3, 4, 84 mit kurzem e), idos, Akk. ida, f., die Änëide, Vergils ausgezeichnetes Epos, dessen Held Äneas ist, Ov. u.a.: in octavo Aeneidos, Prisc. – C) Aenēius, a, um, zu Äneas gehörig, änëisch, des Äneas, Verg. u. Ov.: regna, d.i. der römische Staat, Sil. 10, 644. – D) Aeneanicus, a, um, von Äneas abstammend, gens, Apul. bei Prisc. part. XII vers. Aen. 5, 99. – E) Aenesī (Aenesiī), ōrum, m., die Begleiter des Äneas, Paul. ex Fest. 20, 6. – F) Aenīdēs, Vok. Aenide, m. (wie Pelides v. Peleus) = Aeneades (w.s.), Verg. Aen. 9, 653 (vgl. Prisc. 2, 36).

Ænēās, æ, m. , Énée [prince troyen] : Virg. || -ās Silvius, roi dʼAlbe : Liv. 1, 3, 7.

Aene'as

(Αἰνείας). Homeric Story. Aeneas was the son of Anchises and Aphrodite, and born on mount Ida. On his father's side he was a great-grandson of Tros, and thus nearly related to the royal house of Troy, as Priam himself was a grandson of Tros. (Hom. Il. 20.215, &c., 2.820, 5.247, &c.; Hes. Th. 1007, &c.) He was educated from his infancy at Dardanus, in the house of Alcathous, the husband of his sister. (Il. 13.463, &c.) At the beginning of the war of the Greeks against Troy he did not take any part in it, and the poet intimates that there existed an ill feeling between him and Priam, who did not pay sufficient honour to Aeneas. (Il. 13.460, &c., 20.181.) This probably arose from a decree of destiny, according to which Aeneas and his descendants were to rule over Troy, since the house of Priam had drawn upon itself the hatred of Cronion. (Il. 20.307.) One day when Aeneas was tending his flocks on mount Ida, he was attacked by Achilles, who took his cattle and put him to flight. But he was rescued by the gods. This event, however, and the admonition of Apollo, roused his spirit, and he led his Dardanians against the Greeks. (Il. 20.89, &c., 190, &c., 2.819, &c.) Henceforth he and Hector are the great bulwarks of the Trojans against the Greeks, and Aeneas appears beloved and honoured by gods and men. (Il. 11.58, 16.619, 5.180, 467, 6.77, &c.) He is among the Trojans what Achilles is among the Greeks. Both are sons of immortal mothers, both are at feud with the kings, and both possess horses of divine origin. (Il. 5.265, &c.) Achilles himself, to whom Hector owns his inferiority, thinks Aeneas a worthy competitor. (Il. 20.175.) The place which Aeneas occupies among the Trojans is well expressed in Philostratus (Her. 13), who says that the Greeks called Hector the hand, and Aeneas the soul of the Trojans. Respecting the brave and noble manner in which he protects the body of his friend Pandarus, see Il. 5.299. On one occasion he was engaged in a contest with Diomedes, who hurled a mighty stone at him and broke his hip. Aeneas fell to the ground, and Aphrodite hastened to his assistance (Il. 5.305), and when she too was wounded, Apollo carried him from the field of battle to his temple, where he was cured by Leto and Artemis. (Il. 5.345, &c.) In the attack of the Trojans upon the wall of the Greeks, Aeneas commanded the fourth host of the Trojans. (Il. 12.98.) He avenged the death of Alcathous by slaying Oenomaus and Aphareus, and hastened to the assistance of Hector, who was thrown on the ground by Ajax. The last feat Homer mentions is his fight with Achilles. On this as on all other occasions, a god interposed and saved him, and this time it was by Poseidon, who although in general hostile towards the Trojans, yet rescued Aeneas, that the decrees of destiny might be fulfilled, and Aeneas and his offspring night one day rule over Troy. (Il. 20.178, &c., 305, &c.) Thus far only is the story of Aeneas to be gathered from the Homeric poems, and far from alluding to Aeneas having emigrated after the capture of Troy, and having founded a new kingdom in a foreign land, the poet distinctly intimates that he conceives Aeneas and his descendants as reigning at Troy after the extinction of the house of Priam. (Comp. Strab. xiii. p.608.)

Later Stories. According to the Homeric hymn on Aphrodite (257, &c.), Aeneas was brought up by the nymphs of mount Ida, and was not taken to his father Anchises, until he had reached his fifth year, and then he was, according to the wish of the goddess, given out as the son of a nymph. Xenophon (De Venat. 1.15) says, that he was instructed by Cheiron, the usual teacher of the heroes. According to the " Cypria," he even took part in carrying off Helen. His bravery in the war against the Greeks is mentioned in the later traditions as well as in the earlier ones. (Hyg. Fab. 115; Philostr. l.c.) According to some accounts Aeneas was not present when Troy was taken, as he had been sent by Priam on an expedition to Phrygia, while according to others he was requested by Aphrodite, just before the fall of the city, to leave it, and accordingly went to mount Ida, carrying his father on his shoulders. (Dionys. A. R. 1.48.) A third account makes him hold out at Troy to the last, and when all hopes disappeared, Aeneas with his Dardanians and the warriors of Ophrynium withdrew to the citadel of Pergamus, where the most costly treasures of the Trojans were kept. Here he repelled the enemy and received the fugitive Trojans, until he could hold out no longer. He then sent the people ahead to mount Ida, and followed them with his warriors, the images of the gods, his father, his wife, and his children, hoping that he would be able to maintain himself on the heights of mount Ida. But being threatened with an attack by the Greeks, he entered into negotiations with them, in consequence of which he surrendered his position and was allowed to depart in safety with his friends and treasures. (Dionys. A. R. 1.46, &c.; Aelian, Ael. VH 3.22; Hyg. Fab. 254.) Others again related that he was led by his hatred of Paris to betray Ilion to the Greeks, and was allowed to depart free and safe in consequence. (Dionys. l.c.) Livy (1.1) states, that Aeneas and Antenor were the only Trojans against whom the Greeks did not make use of their right of conquest, on account of an ancient connexion of hospitality existing between them, or because Aeneas had always advised his countrymen to restore Helen to Menelaus. (Comp. Strab. l.c.)

The farther part of the story of Aeneas, after leaving mount Ida with his friends and the images of the gods, especially that of Pallas (Palladium, Paus. 2.23.5) presents as many variations as that relating to the taking of Troy. All accounts, however, agree in stating that he left the coasts of Asia and crossed over into Europe. According to some he went across the Hellespont to the peninsula of Pallene and died there; according to others he proceeded front Thrace to the Arcadian Orchomenos and settled there. (Strab. l.c.; Paus. 8.12.5; Dionys. A. R. 1.49.) By far the greater number of later writers, however, anxious to put him in connexion with the history of Latium and to make him the ancestorial hero of the Romans, state that he went to Italy, though some assert that the Aeneas who came to Italy was not the son of Anchises and Aphrodite, and others that after his arrival in Italy he returned to Troy, leaving his son Ascanius behind him. (Lycophr. 1226, &c.; Dionys. A. R. 1.53; Liv. 1.1.) A description of the wanderings of Aeneas before he reached the coast of Latium, and of the various towns and temples he was believed to have founded during his wanderings, is given by Dionysius (1.50, &c.), whose account is on the whole the same as that followed by Virgil in his Aeneid, although the latter makes various embellishments and additions, some of which, as his landing at Carthage and meeting with Dido, are irreconcilable with chronology. From Pallene (Thrace), where Aeneas stayed the winter after the taking of Troy, and founded the town of Aeneia on the Thermaic gulf (Liv. 40.4), he sailed with his companions to Delos, Cythera (where he founded a temple of Aphrodite), Boiae in Laconia (where he built Etis and Aphrodisias, Paus. 3.22.9), Zacynthus (temple of Aphrodite), Leucas, Actiam, Ambracia, and to Dodona, where he met the Trojan Helenus. From Epirus he sailed across the Ionian sea to Italy, where he landed at the Iapygian promontory. Hence he crossed over to Sicily, where he met the Trojans, Elymus and Aegestus (Acestes), and built the towns of Elyme and Aegesta. From Sicily he sailed back to Italy, landed in the port of Palinurus, came to the island of Leucasia, and at last to the coast of Latium. Various signs pointed out this place as the end of his wanderings, and he and his Trojans accordingly settled in Latium. The place where they had landed was called Troy. Latinus, king of the Aborigines, when informed of the arrival of the strangers, prepared for war, but afterwards concluded an alliance with them, gave up to them a part of his dominions, and with their assistance conquered the Rutulians, with whom he was then at war. Aeneas founded the town of Lavinium, called after Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus, whom he married. A new war then followed between Latinus and Turnus, in which both chiefs fell, whereupon Aeneas became sole ruler of the Aborigines and Trojans, and both nations united into one. Soon after this, however, Aeneas fell in a battle with the Rutulians, who were assisted by Mezentius, king of the Etruscans. As his body was not found after the battle, it was believed that it had been carried up to heaven, or that he had perished in the river Numicius. The Latins erected a monument to him, with the inscription To the father and native god. (Jovi Indigeti, Liv. 1.2; Dionys. A. R. 1.64; Strab. v. p.229, xiii. p. 595; Ov. Met. 13.623, &c., 14.75, &c., 15.438, &c.; Conon, Narrat. 46; Plut. Rom. 3.) Two other accounts somewhat different from those mentioned above are preserved in Servius (Serv. ad Aen. 9.264, from the work of Abas on Troy), and in Tzetzes (ad Lycophr. 1252). Dionysius places the landing of Aeneas in Italy and the building of Lavinium about the end of the second year after the taking of Troy, and the death of Aeneas in the seventh year. Virgil on the other hand represents Aeneas landing in Italy seven years after the fall of Troy, and comprises all the events in Italy from the landing to the death of Turnus within the space of twenty days.

The story about the descent of the Romans from the Trojans through Aeneas was generally received and believed at Rome at an early period, and probably arose from the fact, that the inhabitants of Latium and all the places which Aeneas was said to have founded, lay in countries inhabited by people who were all of the same stock--Pelasgians: hence also the worship of the Idaean Aphrodite in all places the foundation of which is ascribed to Aeneas. Aeneas himself, therefore, such as he appears in his wanderings and final settlement in Latium, is nothing else but the personified idea of one common origin. In this character he was worshipped in the various places which traced their origin to him. (Liv. 40.4.) Aeneas was frequently represented in statues and paintings by ancient artists. (Paus. 2.21.2, 5.22.2; Plin. Nat. 35.10.36.) On gems and coins he is usually represented as carrying his father on his shoulder, and leading his son Ascanius by the hand.

Respecting the inconsistencies in the legends about Aeneas and the mode of solving them, see Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, i. p. 179, &c. Respecting the colonies he is said to have founded, Fiedler, De Erroribus Aeneae ad Phoenicum colonias pertinentibus, Wesel, 1827, 4to. About the worship and religious character of Aeneas, see Uschold, Geschichte des Trojanischen Krieges, Stuttgard, 1836, p. 302, &c.; Hartung, Gescichte der Relig. der Römer, i. p. 83, &c.; and above all R. H. Klausen, Aencas und die Penaten, especially book i. p. 34, &c. [L.S]

Aene'as

(Αἰνείας) Gazaeus, so called from his birth-place, flourished A. D. 487. He was at first a Platonist and a Sophist, being a disciple of the philosopher Hieroeles (as appears from his Theophrastus, Galland. p. 629) and a friend of Procopius (as we know from his Epistles). His date thus ascertained is confirmed by his stating, that he had heard speak some of the Confessors whose tongues Hunneric had cut out, A. D. 484. (Ibid. p. 663c.) When a Christian, he composed a dialogue, On the Immortality of the Soul and the Resurrection of the Body, called Theophrastus from one of the interlocutors. This appeared first in a Latin version by Ambrosius Camaldulensis, 8vo., Ven. 1513, and 4to, Basil. 1516. The original Greek, with the Latin version of Wolf, fol. Tigur. 1559; with the Latin version and notes of C. Barthius, 4to. Lips. 1655 (see Fabricius, de Veritat. Relig. Christ. Syllabus, p. 107, Hamb. 1725); also in Gallandi's Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. x. p. 629, Ven. 1766; and with the notes of Boissonade, 8vo. Par. 1836. In Ebert's Dictionary is the following reference: Wernsdorf Pr. de Aenea Gaz., Numb. 1817, 4to. In the Aldine Collection of Epistles by Greek Authors there are 25 by Aeneas, Gr. 4to., Ven. 1499. See Fabricius, Biblioth. Graec. vol. i. pp. 676-690. Some of the letters of Aeneas may be found in the Encyclopaedia Philologica of Joannes Patusa, Gr. 8vo., Ven. 1710, vol. i. [A.J.C]

Aene'as Si'lvius

son of Silvius, and grandson of Ascanius. He is the third in the list of the mythical kings of Alba in Latium, and the Silvii regarded him as the founder of their house. (Liv. 1.3.) Dionysius (1.71) ascribes to him a reign of 31 years. (Comp. Verg. A. 6.769.) Ovid (Ov. Met. 14.610, &c.) does not mention him among the Alban kings. [L.S]

Aene'as or Aene'as Tacticus

(Αἰνείας), surnamed Tacticus (ὁ Τακτικός), a Greek writer, whose precise date is not known. Xenophon (Xenoph. Hell. 7.3.1) mentions an Aeneas of Stymphalus, who about the time of the battle of Mantineia (362, B. C.) distinguished himself by his bravery and skill as general of the Arcadians. Casaubon supposes this Aeneas to be the same, and the supposition is confirmed by a passage (Comment. Poliorc. 27) where he speaks familiarly of an Arcadian provincialism. Works

But, however this may be, the general character of this work, the names he mentions, and the historical notices which occur, with other internal evidence, all point to about this period. στρατηγικὰ βιβλία

He wrote a large work on the whole art of war, στρατηγικὰ βιβλία, or περὶ τῶν στρατηγικῶν ὑπομνήματα (Plb. 10.40; Suidas, s. v. Αἰνείας), consisting of several parts.

Of these only one is preserved, called τακτικόν τε καί πολιορκητικόν ὑπόμνημα περί τοῦ πως χρή πολιορκούμενον ἀντέχειν, commonly called Commentarius Poliorceticus. The object of the book is to shew how a siege should be resisted, the various kinds of instruments to be used, manœuvres to be practised, ways of sending letters without being detected, and without even the bearers knowing about it (c. 31, a very curious one), &c. It contains a good deal of information on many points in archæology, and is especially valuable as containing a large stock of words and technical terms connected with warfare, denoting instruments, &c., which are not to be found in any other work. From the same circumstance, many passages are difficult. Editions

The book was first discovered by Simler in the Vatican library. It was edited first by Isaac Casaubon with a Latin version and notes, and appended to his edition of Polybius. (Paris, 1609.) It was republished by Gronovius in his Polybius, vol. iii. Amsterdam, 1670, and by Ernesti, Leipzig, 1763. The last edition is that of J. C. Orelli, Leipzig, 1818, with Casaubon's version and notes and an original commentary, published as a supplement to Schweighaeuser's Polybius. MSS

Besides the Vatican MS. there are three at Paris, on which Casaubon founded his edition, and one in the Laurentian library at Florence. This last is, according to Orelli (Praef. p. 6), the oldest of all. The work contains many very corrupt and mutilated passages.

An epitome of the whole book, not of the fragment now remaining, was made by Cineas, a Thessalian, who was sent to Rome by Pyrrhus, 279, B. C. Further Information

Aelian, Tact. 1.) This abridgement is referred to by Cicero (Cic. Fam. 9.25). [A.A]

Aenēas

(Αἰνείας). A Trojan hero, the son of Anchises and Aphrodité, and born on Mount Ida. He was brought up at Dardania, in the house of Alcathoüs, the husband of his sister. At first he took no part in the Trojan war; and it was not till Achilles attacked him on Mount Ida, and drove away his flocks, that he led his Dardanians against the Greeks. Henceforth Aeneas and Hector appear as the great bulwarks of the Trojans against the Greeks. On more than one occasion Aeneas was saved in battle by the gods; Aphrodité carried him off when he was wounded by Diomedes, and Poseidon saved him when he was on the point of perishing by the hands of Achilles. Homer makes no allusion to the emigration of Aeneas after the capture of Troy, but, on the contrary, he evidently conceives Aeneas and his descendants as reigning at Troy after the extinction of the house of Priam; but later narratives relate that after the capture of Troy Aeneas withdrew to Mount Ida with his friends and the images of the gods, especially that of Pallas (Palladium); and that from thence he crossed over to Europe, and finally settled at Latium in Italy where he became the ancestral hero of the Romans. A description of the wanderings of Aeneas before he reached Latium is given by Vergil in his Aeneid (bks. ii.-vi.). After visiting Epirus and Sicily, he was driven by a storm on the coast of Africa, where he met with Dido (q.v.). He then sailed to Latium, where he was hospitably received by Latinus, king of the Aborigines. Here Aeneas founded the town of Lavinium, called after Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus, whom he married. Turnus, to whom Lavinia had been betrothed, made war against Latinus and Aeneas. Latinus fell in the first battle, and Turnus was subsequently slain by Aeneas; whereupon, after the death of Latinus, Aeneas became sole ruler of the Aborigines and Trojans, and both nations were united into one. Soon after this Aeneas fell in battle against the Rutulians, who were assisted by Mezentius, king of the Etruscans. As his body was not found after the battle, it was believed that it had been carried up to heaven, or that he had perished in the river Numicius. The Latins erected a monument to him, with the inscription To the Father and Native God. Vergil represents Aeneas as landing in Italy seven years after the fall of Troy, and compresses all the events in Italy, from the landing to the death of Turnus, within the space of twenty days. The story of the descent of the Romans from the Trojans through Aeneas was believed at an early period, but rests on no historical foundation. See Trojan War; Vergilius.

Aeneas Aeneas, father of soothsayer Thrasybulus

• Paus. 6.2.4, Paus. 8.10.5

Aeneas(2), son of Anchises

• Paus. 8.12.8
• son of Anchises and Aphrodite: Apollod. 3.12.2
• husband of Creusa: Paus. 10.26.1
• his kine on Ida raided by Achilles: Apollod. E.3.32
• an ally of the Trojans: Apollod. E.3.34
• fights Diomede: Paus. 5.22.2
• his fight: Paus. 7.19.7
• Aphrodite comes to his help: Apollod. E.4.1
• carries Anchises on his back: Apollod. E.5.21
• leads fugitives from Troy: Paus. 10.17.6
• takes Palladium to Italy: Paus. 2.23.5
• founds two cities in Laconia: Paus. 3.22.11, Paus. 8.12.8
• buries his father Anchises in Arcadia: Paus. 8.12.8
• statue: Paus. 2.21.1
• chest of: Paus. 7.19.7