Agrippa

Agrippa, ae, m., a Roman family name.

• I Menenius Agrippa, who related to the people upon Mons Sacer the fable of the Belly and the Limbs, Liv. 2, 32.—
• II Vipsanius Agrippa, son-in-law of Augustus, husband of Julia, and father of Agrippina, Tac. A. 4, 40; v. Frandsen, Life of M. Vipsanius Agrippa, Alton. 1836.—
• III The name of a king in Judaea, Tac. A. 12, 23.

Agrippa, ae, m. (nach Plin. 6, 45 u. Gell. 16, 6, 1 von aegre u. pes = der statt mit dem Kopfe zuerst mit den Füßen, also durch schwere Geburt zur Welt Gekommene; nach andern von ἄγρα u. ἵππος), I) ein röm. Name, unter dem am bekanntesten sind: A) Agrippa Menenius, berühmt durch seine Fabel vom Magen u. den Gliedern, Liv. 2, 32. Quint. 5, 11, 19. – B) M. Vipsanius Agrippa, geb. 63 v. Chr., gest. 12 v. Chr., Vertrauter des Augustus von Jugend auf (Nep. Att. 12, 1), Gemahl der Tochter des Attikus, der Pomponia, dann der Schwestertochter des Augustus, der Marcella, dann der Tochter des Augustus, der Julia (Suet. Aug. 63), großer Feldherr u. Staatsmann, die Seele aller Unternehmungen des Augustus, der aus seinem großen Vermögen Rom durch großartige u. kunstvolle Bauten (Wasserbauten, Saepta Iulia, Porticus Neptuni, Thermae, Pantheon) verschönerte, an den Horaz die bekannte Ode (1, 6) richtete, s. Vell. 2, 79 sqq. Plin. 36, 15 (24), 121. Vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 8, 682. Frandsen, M. Vipsanius Agrippa, eine histor. Untersuchung über dessen Leben u. Wirken, Altona 1836. Quaestiones historicae de M. Vips. Agrippa, scr. H.I. van Eck. Lugd. Bat. 1842. – Nach ihm sind benannt die Agrippiana saepta, in der neunten Region Roms, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26, 7. – C) Agrippa Postumus, ein nachgeborner Sohn des vorigen, durch Livias Ränke von seinem Großvater Augustus (i.J. 7 n. Chr.), der ihn früher adoptiert hatte, auf die Insel Planasia verbannt, Vell. 2, 104, 1 u. 112, 7. Suet. Aug. 64 sq. Tac. ann. 1, 3, 6; sogleich nach dem Regierungsantritt des Tiberius ermordet, Tac. ann. 1, 6, 1. Suet. Tib. 22. – II) Name zweier Könige von Judäa, Herodes Agrippa I., Sohn Herodes des Gr., noch jung von Tiberius als Gefangener nach Rom gebracht, von Kaligula freigelassen u. zum Fürsten von Lysania, Judäa u. Samaria eingesetzt, oft bei Tac. (s. Ruperti Tac. ann. 12, 23, 2); Vater des Herodes Agrippa II., Bruder der schönen Berenice (Tac. hist. 2, 2).

Agrippa, (9) æ, m. , Agrippa : ¶ 1 v. Menenius ¶ 2 M. Vipsanius [gendre dʼAuguste] : Tac. Ann. 4, 40 ¶ 3 Postumus : Suet. Aug. 64 ; Tac. Ann. 1, 3 ¶ 4 nom de deux rois de Judée : Tac. Ann. 12, 23 ; H. 2, 2.

➳ [étym.] qui vient au monde les pieds les premiers : Plin. 6, 45 ; Gell. 16, 6, 1.

agrippa, ae. m.
逆產之孩。

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Agrippa

an ancient name among the Romans, was first used as a praenomen, and afterwards as a cognomen. It frequently occurs as a cognomen, in the early times of the empire, but not under the republic. One of the mythical kings of Alba is called by this name. (Liv. 1.3.) According to Aulus Gellius (16.16), Pliny (Plin. Nat. 7.6. s. 8), and Solinus (1), the word signifies a birth, at which the child is presented with its feet foremost; but their derivation of it from aegre partus or pes is absurd enough. (Comp. Sen. Oed. 813.)

Agrippa

(Ἀγρίππας), a sceptical philosopher, only known to have lived later than Aenesidemus, the contemporary of Cicero, from whom he is said to have been the fifth in descent. He is quoted by Diogenes Laertius, who probably wrote about the time of M. Antoninus. The "five grounds of doubt" (οἱ πέντε τρόποι), which are given by Sextus Empiricus as a summary of the later scepticism, are ascribed by Diogenes Laertius (9.88) to Agrippa.

I. The first of these argues from the uncertainty of the rules of common life, and of the opinions of philosophers.

II. The second from the " rejectio ad infinitum :" all proof requires some further proof, and so on to infinity.

III. All things are changed as their relations become changed, or, as we look upon them in different points of view.

IV. The truth asserted is merely an hypothesis or, V. involves a vicious circle. (Sextus Empiricus, Pyrrhon. Hypot. 1.15.)

With reference to these πέντε τρόποι it need only be remarked, that the first and third are a short summary of the ten original grounds of doubt which were the basis of the earlier scepticism. [Pyrrhon.] The three additional ones shew a progress in the sceptical system, and a transition from the common objections derived from the fallilility of sense and opinion, to more abstract and metaphysical grounds of doubt. They seem to mark a new attempt to systematize the sceptical philosophy and adapt it to the spirit of a later age. (Ritter, Geschichte der Philosophie, 12.4.) [B.J]

Agrippa , M. Asi'nius

consul A. D. 25, died A. D. 26, was descended from a family more illustrious than ancient, and did not disgrace it by his mode of life. (Tac. Ann. 4.34, 61.)

Agrippa Castor

(Ἀγρίππας Κάστωρ), about A. D. 135, praised as a historian by Eusebius, and for his learning by St Jerome (de Viris Illusir. c. 21), lived in the reign of Hadrian. He wrote against the twenty-four books of the Alexandrian Gnostic Basilides, on the Gospel. Quotations are made from his work by Eusebius. (Hist. Eccles. 4.7; see Gallandi's Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. i. p. 330.) [A.J.C]

Agrippa , Fonteius

1. One of the accusers of Libo, A. D. 16, is again mentioned in A. D. 19, as offering his daughter for a vestal virgin. (Tac. Ann. 2.30, 86.)

Agrippa , Fonteius

2. Probably the son of the preceding, commanded the province of Asia with pro-consular power, A. D. 69, and was recalled from thence by Vespasian, and placed over Moesia in A. D. 70. He was shortly afterwards killed in battle by the Sarmatians. (Tac. Hist. 3.46; J. BJ 7.4.3.)

Agrippa , D. Hate'rius

called by Tacitus (Tac. Ann. 2.51) the propinquus of Germanicus, was tribune of the plebs A. D. 15, praetor A. D. 17, and consul A. D. 22. His moral character was very low, and he is spoken of in A. D. 32, as plotting the destruction of many illustrious men. (Tac. Ann. 1.77, 2.51, 3.49, 52, 6.4.)

Agrippa Hero'des I.

(Ἡρώδης Ἀγρίππας), called by Josephus (J. AJ 17.2.2), " Agrippa the Great," was the son of Aristobulus and Berenice, and grandson of Herod the Great. Shortly before the death of his grandfather, he came to Rome, where he was educated with the future emperor Claudius, and Drusus the son of Tiberius. He squandered his property in giving sumptuous entertainments to gratify his princely friends, and in bestowing largesses on the freedmen of the emperor, and became so deeply involved in debt, that he was compelled to fly from Rome, and betook himself to a fortress at Malatha in Idumaea. Through the mediation of his wife Cypros, with his sister Herodias, the wife of Herodes Antipas, he was allowed to take up his abode at Tiberias, and received the rank of aedile in that city, with a small yearly income. But having quarrelled with his brother-in-law, he fled to Flaccus, the proconsul of Syria. Soon afterwards he was convicted, through the information of his brother Aristobulus, of having received a bribe from the Damascenes, who wished to purchase his influence with the proconsul, and was again compelled to fly. He was arrested as he was about to sail for Italy, for a sum of money which he owed to the treasury of Caesar, but made his escape, and reached Alexandria, where his wife succeeded in procuring a supply of money from Alexander the Alabarch. He then set sail, and landed at Puteoli. He was favourably received by Tiberius, who entrusted him with the education of his grandson Tiberius. He also formed an intimacy with Caius Caligula. Having one day incautiously expressed a wish that the latter might soon succeed to the throne, his words were reported by his freedman Eutychus to Tiberius, who forthwith threw him into prison. Caligula, on his accession (A. D. 37), set him at liberty, and gave him the tetrarchies of Lysanias (Abilene) and Philippus (Batanaca, Trachonitis, and Auranitis). He also presented him with a golden chain of equal weight with the iron one which he had worn in prison. In the following year Agrippa took possession of his kingdom, and after the banishment of Herodes Antipas, the tetrarchy of the latter was added to his dominions.

On the death of Caligula, Agrippa, who was at the time in Rome, materially assisted Claudius in gaining possession of the empire. As a reward for his services, Judaea and Samaria were annexed to his dominions, which were now even more extensive than those of Herod the Great. He was also invested with the consular dignity, and a league was publicly made with him by Claudius in the forum. At his request, the kingdom of Chalcis was given to his brother Herodes. (A. D. 41.) IIe then went to Jerusalem, where he offered sacrifices, and suspended in the treasury of the temple the golden chain which Caligula had given him. His government was mild and gentle, and he was exceedingly popular amongst the Jews. In the city of Berytus he built a theatre and amphitheatre, baths, and porticoes. The suspicions of Claudius prevented him from finishing the impregnable fortifications with which he had begun to surround Jerusalem. His friendship was courted by many of the neighbouring kings and rulers. It was probably to increase his popularity with the Jews that he caused the apostle James, the brother of John, to be beheaded, and Peter to be cast into prison (A. D. 44. Acts, xii.) It was not however merely by such acts that he strove to win their favour, as we see from the way in which, at the risk of his own life, or at least of his liberty, he interceded with Caligula on behalf of the Jews, when that emperor was attempting to set up his statue in the temple at Jerusalem. The manner of his death, which took place at Caesarea in the same year, as he was exhibiting games in honour of the emperor, is related in Acts xii., and is confirmed in all essential points by Josephus, who repeats Agrippa's words, in which he acknowledged the justice of the punishment thus inflicted on him. After lingering five days, he expired, in the fifty-fourth year of his age.

By his wife Cypros he had a son named Agrippa, and three daughtters Berenice, who first married her uncle Herodes, king of Chalcis, afterwards lived with her brother Agrippa, and subsequently married Polamo, king of Cilicia; she is alluded to by Juvenal (Sat. 6.156); Mariamne, and Drusilla, who married Felix, the procurator of Judaea. (J. AJ 17.1.2, 18.5-8, 19.4_8; Bell. Jud. 1.28.1, 2.9. 11; D. C. 9.8 ; Euseb. Hist. Eccles. 2.10.) [C.P.M]

Agrippa Hero'des II.

the son of Agrippa I., was educated at the court of the emperor Claudius, and at the time of his father's death was only seventeen years old. Claudius therefore kept him at Rome, and sent Cuspius Fadus as procurator of the kingdom, which thus again became a Roman province. On the death of Herodes, king of Chalcis (A. D. 48), his little principality, with the right of superintending the temple and appointing the high priest, was given to Agrippa, who four years afterwards received in its stead the tetrarchies formerly held by Philip and Lysanias, with the title of king. In A. D. 55, Nero added the cities of Tiberias and Taricheae in Galilea, and Julias, with fourteen villages near it, in Peraea. Agrippa expended large sums in beautifying Jerusalem and other cities, especially Berytus. His partiality for the latter rendered hint unpopular amongst his own subjects, and the capricious manner in which he appointed and deposed the high priests, with some other acts which were distasteful, made him an object of dislike to the Jews. Before the outbreak of the war with the Romans, Agrippa attempted in vain to dissuade the people from rebelling. When the war was begun, he sided with the Romans, and was wounded at the siege of Gamala. After the capture of Jerusalem, he went with his sister Berenice to Rome, where he was invested with the dignity of practor. He died in the seventieth year of his age, in the third year of the reign of Trajan. He was the last prince of the house of the Herods. It was before this Agrippa that the apostle Paul made his defence. A. D. 60. Acts. xxv. xxvi.) He lived on terms of intimacy with the historian Josephus, who has preserved two of the letters he received from him. (J. AJ 17.5.4, 19.9.2, 20.1.3, 5.2, 7.1, 8.4, 11, 9.4 ; Bell. Jud. 2.11.6, 12.1, 16, 17.1, 4.1.3; Vit. s. 54; Phot. cod. 33.) [C.P.M]

Agrippa , Marcius

a man of the lowest origin, was appointed by Macrinus in B. C. 217, first to the government of Pannonia and afterwards to that of Dacia. (Dion. Cass. 78.13.) He seems to be the same person as the Marcius Agrippa, admiral of the fleet, who is mentioned by Spartianus as privy to the death of Antoninus Caracallus. (Anton. Car. 6.)

Agrippa Mene'nius

[Menenius.]

Agrippa Po'stumus

a posthumous son of M. Vipsanius Agrippa, by Julia, the daughter of Augustus, was born in B. C. 12. He was adopted by Augustus together with Tiberius in A. D. 4, and he asstumed the toga virilis in the following year, A. D. 5. (Suet. (Octav. 64, 65; D. C. 54.29, 55.22.) Notwithstanding his adoption he was afterwards banished by Augustus to the island of Planasia, on the coast of Corsica, a disgrace which he incurred on account of his savage and intractable character; but he was not guilty of any crime. There he was under the surveillance of soldiers, and Augustus obtained a senatusconsultum by which the banishment was legally confirmed for the time of his life. The property of Agrippa was assigned by Augustus to the treasury of the army. It is said that during his captivity he received the visit of Augustus, who secretly went to Planasia, accompanied by Fabius Maximus. Augustus and Agrippa, both deeply affected, shed tears when they met, and it was believed that Agrippa would be restored to liberty. But the news of this visit reached Livia, the mother of Tiberius, and Agrippa remained a captive. After the accession of Tiberius, in A. D. 14, Agrippa was murdered by a centurion, who entered his prison and killed him after a long struggle, for Agrippa was a man of great bodily strength. When the centurion afterwards went to Tiberius to give him an account of the execution, the emperor denied having given any order for it, and it is very probable that Livia was the secret author of the crime. There was a rumour that Augustus had left an order for the execution of Agrippa, but this is positively contradicted by Tacitus. (Tac. Ann. 1.3_6; D. C. 55.32, 57.3; Suet. l. c , Tib. 22; Vell. 2.104, 112.)

After the death of Agrippa, a slave of the name of Clemens, who was not informed of the murder, landed on Planasia with the intention of restoring Agrippa to liberty and carrying him off to the army in Germany. When he heard of what had taken place, he tried to profit by his great resemblance to the murdered captive, and he gave himself out as Agrippa. He landed at Ostia, and found many who believed him, or affected to believe him, but he was seized and put to death order of Tiberius. (Tac. Ann. 2.39, 40.)

The name of Agrippa Caesar is found on a medal of Corinth. [W.P]

Agrippa , Vibule'nus

a Roman knight, who took poison in the senate house at the time of his trial, A. D. 36; he had brought the poison with him in a ring. (Tac. Ann. 6.40; Dion. Cass. 58.21.)

Agrippa , M. Vipsa'nius

was born in B. C. 63. He was the son of Lucius, and was de scended from a very obscure family. At the age of twenty he studied at Apollonia in Illyria, together with young Octavius, afterwards Octavianus and Augustus. After the murder of J. Caesar in B. C. 44, Agrippa was one of those intimate friends of Octavius, who advised him to proceed immediately to Rome. Octavius took Agrippa with him, and charged him to receive the oath of fidelity from several legions which had declared in his favour. Having been chosen consul in B. C. 43, Octavius gave to his friend Agrippa the delicate commission of prosecuting C. Cassius, one of the murderers of J. Caesar. At the outbreak of the Perusinian war between Octavius, now Octavianus, and L. Antonius, in B. C. 41, Agrippa, who was then praetor, commanded part of the forces of Octavianus, and after distinguishing himself by skilful manoeuvres, besieged L. Antonius in Perusia. He took the town in B. C. 40, and towards the end of the same year retook Sipontum, which had fallen into the hands of M. Antonius. In B. C. 38, Agrippa obtained fresh success in Gaul, where he quelled a revolt of the native chiefs; he also penetrated into Germany as far as the country of the Catti, and transplanted the Ubii to the left bank of the Rhine; whereupon he turned his arms against the revolted Aquitani, whom he soon brought to obedience. His victories, especially those in Aquitania, contributed much to securing the power of Octavianus, and he was recalled by him to undertake the command of the war against Sex. Pompeius, which was on the point of breaking out, B. C. 37. Octavianus offered him a triumph, which Agrippa declined, but accepted the consulship, to which he was promoted by Octavianus in B. C. 37. Dio Cassius (48.49) seems to say that he was consul when he went to Gaul, but the words ὑπάτευε δὲ μετὰ Λουκίου Γάλλου seem to be suspicious, unless they are to be inserted a little higher, after the passage, τῷ δʼ Ἀγρίππᾳ τὴν τοῦ ναυτικοῦ παρασκευὴν ἐγχειρίσας, which refer to an event which took place during the consulship of Agrippa. For, immediately after his promotion to this dignity, he was charged by Octavianus with the construction of a fleet, which was the more necessary, as Sextus Pompey was master of the sea.

Agrippa, in whom thoughts and deeds were never separated (Vell. 2.79), executed this order with prompt energy. The Lucrine lake near Baiae was transformed by him into a safe harbour, which he called the Julian port in honour of Octavianus, and where he exercised his sailors and mariners till they were able to encounter the experienced sailors of Pompey. In B. C. 36, Agrippa defeated Sex. Pompey first at Mylae, and afterwards at Naulochus on the coast of Sicily, and the latter of these victories broke the naval supremacy of Pompey. He received in consequence the honour of a naval crown, which was first conferred upon him; though, according to other authorities, M. Varro was the first who obtained it from Pompey the Great. (Vell. 2.81; Liv. Epit. 129; D. C. 49.14; Plin. Nat. 16.3. s. 4; Verg. A. 8.684.)

In B. C. 35, Agrippa had the command of the war in Illyria, and afterwards served under Octavianus, when the latter had proceeded to that country. On his return, he voluntarily accepted the aedileship in B. C. 33, although he had been consul, and expended immense sums of money upon great public works. He restored the Appian, Marcian, and Anienian aqueducts, constructed a new one, fifteen miles in length, from the Tepula to Rome, to which he gave the name of the Julian, in honour of Octavianus, and had an immense number of smaller water-works made, to distribute the water within the town. He also had the large cloaca of Tarquinius Priscus entirely cleansed. His various works were adorned with statues by the first artists of Rome. These splendid buildings he augmented in B. C. 27, during his third consulship, by several others, and among these was the Pantheon, on which we still read the inscription: " M. Agrippa: L. F. Cos. Tertium fecit." (D. C. 49.43, 53.27; Plin. Nat. 36.15, s. 24 § 3; Strab. v. p.235; Frontin. De Aquaed. 9.)

When the war broke out between Octavianus and M. Antonius, Agrippa was appointed comnander-in-chief of the fleet, B. C. 32. He took Methone in the Peloponnesus, Leucas, Patrae, and Corinth; and in the battle of Actium (B. C. 31) where he commanded, the victory was mainly owing to his skill. On his return to Rome in B. C. 30, Octavianus, now Augustus, rewarded him with a " vexillum caeruleum," or sea-green flag.

In B. C. 28, Agrippa became consul for the second time with Augustus, and about this time married Marcella, the niece of Augustus, and the daughter of his sister Octavia. His former wife, Pomponia, the daughter of T. Pomponins Atticus, was either dead or divorced. In the following year, B. C. 27, he was again consul the third time with Augustus.

In B. C. 25, Agrippa accompanied Augustus to the war against the Cantabrians. About this time jealousy arose between him and his brother-in-law Marcellus, the nephew of Augustus, and who seemed to be destined as his successor. Augustus, anxious to prevent differences that might have had serious consequences for him, sent Agrippa as proconsul to Syria. Agrippa of course left Rome, but he stopped at Mitylene in the island of Lesbos, leaving the government of Syria to his legate. The apprehensions of Augustus were removed by the death of Marcellus in B. C. 23, and Agrippa immediately returned to Rome, where he was the more anxiously expected, as troubles had broken out during the election of the consuls in B. C. 21. Augustus resolved to receive his faithful friend into his own family, and accordingly induced him to divorce his wife Marcella, and marry Julia, the widow of Marcellus and the daughter of Augustus by his third wife, Scribonia. (B. C. 21.)

In B. C. 19, Agrippa went into Gaul. He pacified the turbulent natives, and constructed four great public roads and a splendid aqueduct at Nemausus (Nîmes). From thence he proceeded to Spain and subdued the Cantabrians after a short but bloody and obstinate struggle; but, in accordance with his usual prudence, he neither announced his victories in pompous letters to the senate, nor did he accept a triumph which Augustus offered him. In B. C. 18, he was invested with the tribunician power for five years together with Augustus; and in the following year (B. C. 17), his two sons, Caius and Lucius, were adopted by Augustus. At the close of the year, he accepted an invitation of Herod the Great, and went to Jerusalem. He founded the military colony of Berytus (Beyrut), thence he proceeded in B. C. 16 to the Pontus Euxinus, and compelled the Bosporani to accept Polemo for their king and to restore the Roman eagles which had been taken by Mithridates. On his return he stayed some time in Ionia, where he granted privileges to the Jews whose cause was pleaded by Herod (J. AJ 16.2), and then proceeded to Rome, where he arrived in B. C. 13. After his tribunician power had been prolonged for five years, he went to Pannonia to restore tranquillity to that province. He returned in B. C. 12, after having been successful as usual, and retired to Campania. There he died unexpectedly, in the month of March, B. C. 12, in his 51st year. His body was carried to Rome, and was buried in the mausoleum of Augustus, who himself pronounced a funeral oration over it.

Dio Cassius tells us (52.1, &c.), that in the year B. C. 29 Augustus assembled his friends and counsellors Agrippa and Maecenas, demanding opinion as to whether it would be advisable for him to usurp monarchical power, or to restore to the nation its former republican government. This is corroborated by Suetonius (Octav. 28), who says that Augustus twice deliberated upon that subject. The speeches which Agrippa and Maecenas delivered on this occasion are given by Dio Cassius; but the artificial character of them makes them suspicious. However it does not seem likely from the general character of Dio Cassius as a historian that these speeches are invented by him; and it is not improbable, and such a supposition suits entirely the character of Augustus, that those speeches were really pronounced, though preconcerted between Augustus and his counsellors to make the Roman nation believe that the fate of the republic was still a matter of discussion, and that Augustus would not assume monarchical power till he had been convinced that it was necessary for the welfare of the nation. Besides, Agrippa, who according to Dio Cassius, advised Augustus to restore the republic, was a man whose political opinions had evidently a monarchical tendency.

Agrippa was one of the most distinguished and important men of the age of Augustus. He must be considered as a chief support of the rising monarchical constitution, and without Agrippa Augustus could scarcely have succeeded in making himself the absolute master of the Roman empire. Dio Cassius (54.29, &c.), Velleius Paterculus (2.79), Seneca (Ep. 94), and Horace (Od. 1.6), speak with equal admiration of his merits.

Pliny constantly refers to the Commentarii of Agrippa as an authority (Elenchus, iii. iv. v. vi, comp. 3.2), which may indicate certain official lists drawn up by him in the measurement of the Roman world under Augustus [Aethicus Hister], in which he may have taken part.

Agrippa left several children. By his first wife Pomponia, he had Vipsania, who was married to Tiberius Caesar, the successor of Augustus. By his second wife, Marcella, he had several children who are not mentioned; and by his third wife, Julia, he had two daughters, Julia, married to L. Aemilius Paullus, and Agrippina married to Germanicus, and three sons, Caius [C. Caesar], Lucius [L. Caesar], and Agrippa Postumus. (Dio Cass. lib. 45-54; Liv. Epit. 117-136 ; Appian, Bell. Civ. lib. 5; Suet. Octav.; Frandsen, M. Vipsanius Agrippa, eine historische Untersuchung über dessen Leben und Wirken, Altona, 1836.)

There are several medals of Agrippa: in the one figured below, he is represented with a naval crown; on the reverse is Neptune indicating his success by sea.

[W.P]

Agrippa , Marcus Vipsanius

A Roman general, who was born in B.C. 63, of an obscure family; studied with young Octavius (afterwards the emperor Augustus) at Apollonia, in Illyria, and upon the murder of Caesar, in B.C. 44, was one of the friends of Augustus who advised him to proceed immediately to Rome. In the civil wars which followed, and which terminated in giving Augustus the sovereignty of the Roman world, Agrippa took an active part; and his military abilities contributed greatly to that result. He commanded the fleet of Augustus at the battle of Actium in B.C. 31. He was thrice consul, and in his third consulship, in B.C. 27, he built the Pantheon. In the year 21 he married Iulia, daughter of Augustus. He continued to be employed in various military commands till his death in B.C. 12. By his first wife, Pomponia, Agrippa had Vipsania, married to Tiberius, the successor of Augustus; and by Iulia he had two daughters, Iulia and Agrippina, and three sons, Caesar, Lucius Caesar, and Agrippa Postumus. The last was banished by Augustus to the island of Planasia, and was put to death by Tiberius, A.D. 14. See portrait on p. 16.