Eustratius

(Εὐστράτιος), a presbyter of the Greek church at Constantinople, is the author of a work on the Condition of the Human Soul after Death, which is still extant. Respecting his life and the time at which he lived, nothing is known, except what can be gathered from the work itself. It is directed against those who maintainted that the souls ceased to act and operate as soon as they quitted the human body. Photius (Bibl. Cod. 171) knew the work, and made some extracts from it, which is a proof that Eustratius must have lived before Photius. Further, as Eustratius repeatedly mentions the works of Dionysius Areiopagita he must have lived after the publication of those works, which appear to have been circulated about A. D. 500. It is therefore very probable that Eustratits lived at the time of Eutychius, patriarch of Constantinople, that is, about A. D. 560, as in fact Eustratius himself says in almost as many words. His work was first edited by L. Allatius in his de Occidentalium atque Orientalium perpetua in Dogmate Purgatorii consensione, Rom. 1655, 8vo., pp. 319-581. The style of Eustratius, as Photius remarks, is clear, though very different from classic Greek, and his arguments are generally sound. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 725; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 416.) Some other persons of the name of Eustratius are enumerated by Fabricius. (Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 264, note.) [L.S]

(Εὐστράτιος), one of the latest commentators on Aristotle, lived about the beginning of the twelfth century after Christ, under the emperor Alexius Comnenus, as metropolitan of Nicaea. According to a hint in the Commentary to the tenth book of the Ethica Nicomachea (if this part of the Commentary is composed by him), he appears to have also lived at Constantinople, and to have written his commentary in this place. (Comp. ad Arist. Eth. Nic. 10.9.13, p. 472, ed. Zell.) Of his life we know nothing else. Works

Of the writings of Eustratius only two are extant, and these in a very fragmentary state: viz. 1. A Commentary to the second hook of the Analytica Editions

Published by Aldus Manutius, Venice, 1534, and translated into Latin by A. Gratarolus. (Venice. 1542, 1568, fol.) 2. A Commentary to Aristotle's Ethica Nicomachea

But, according to the latest researches, this commentary consists of very different materials, and great parts of it are the work of other interpreters, as Aspasius and Michael Ephesius. This has been proved chiefly by the researches of Schleiermacher, in his writings on the Greek Scholia to the Ethics of Aristotle (printed in the Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie der Wissensch. of the year 1816-1817, p. 263, &c.). Schleiermacher has shewn that the author of the commentary to the first book of the Ethics cannot possibly be the same person as the author of the comnmentary to the sixth book, because very different interpretations of the Ἑχωτερικοὶ Αόγοι of Aristotle are given in the two passages cited. (See Stahr, Aristotelia, ii. pp. 261, 262; Schleiermacher, p. 267.) Probably Eustratius is only the author of the commentary to the sixth book, which is much better than the rest, and from which the commentaries to the second, third, and fourth book greatly differ. But perhaps the commentary to the first is also to be ascribed to Eustratius, and the difference on the signification of the Ἑχωτερικοὶ Αόγοι may have been occasioned by Eustratius himself borrowing one opinion or the other from more ancient interpreters. Editions

Published in the Greek language with some other commentators on the same work, Venice, 1536, fol., and in the Latin language by J. Bernardus Felicianus, Ven. 1541, 1589, fol, Paris. 1543, Helmst. 1662, 4to. Assessment

The commentaries of Eustratius greatly differ from similar works of elder commentators by their not being uninterrupted treatises on philosophical subjects, but commentaries in the proper sense of the word, explaining single words and things. It is this which renders them of great importance. In the middle ages Robert of Lincoln translated this commentary into Latin, and Albertus Magnus and St. Thomas Aquinas made considerable use of it in their interpretation of Aristotle. Further Information

Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 215, 264; Buhle's Aristotle, vol. i. p. 299. [A.S]

(Εὐστράτιος). A late commentator on Aristotle. He lived about the beginning of the twelfth century, as metropolitan of Nicaea under the emperor Alexis Comnenus. Two of his works are now extant in a fragmentary condition—(1) a commentary on the second book of the Analytica; and

(2) a commentary on the Ethica Nicomachea— this last being in part the work of other scholars. In the Middle Ages these commentaries were much read in the Latin version of Robert of Lincoln.