agger

agger , eris, m.: materials gathered to form an elevation; a heap of earth or stones, dike, embankment, bank, 1.112; 2.496; heap of earth, 9.567; top, summit, ridge, raised surface, 5.44, 273; a rampart, 9.769, et al.; a height or rising ground, 12.446; aggerēs, mountains, mountain ramparts, 6.830. (aggerō)

agger, ĕris, m. [ad-gero].

• Things brought to a place in order to form an elevation above a surface or plain, as rubbish, stone, earth, sand, brushwood, materials for a rampart, etc. (in the histt., esp. Caes., freq.; sometimes in the poets): ab opere revocandi milites, qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causā processerant, Caes. B. G. 2, 20: aggere paludem explere, id. ib. 7, 58; cf. id. ib. 7, 86: longius erat agger petendus, id. B. C. 1, 42; 2, 15 al.: superjecto aggere terreno, Suet. Calig. 19; cf. id. ib. 37: implere cavernas aggere, Curt. 8, 10, 27: fossas aggere complent, Verg. A. 9, 567: avis e medio aggere exit, from the midst of the pile of wood, Ov. M. 12, 524.— But far oftener,
• II Esp.
• • A The pile formed by masses of rubbish, stone, earth, brushwood, etc., collected together; acc. to its destination, a dam, dike, mole, pier; a hillock, mound, wall, bulwark, rampart, etc.; esp. freq. in the histt. of artificial elevations for military purposes: tertium militare sepimentum est fossa et terreus agger, a clay or mud wall, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: aggeribus niveis (with snow-drifts) informis Terra, Verg. G. 3, 354: atque ipsis proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, pleon. for muris, id. A. 10, 24; cf. id. ib. 10, 144: ut cocto tolleret aggere opus, of the walls of Babylon, Prop. 4, 10, 22.—A dike of earth for the protection of a harbor (Ital. molo), Vitr. 5, 12, 122; Ov. M. 14, 445; 15, 690.—A causeway through a swamp: aggeres umido paludum et fallacibus campis imponere, Tac. A. 1, 61.—A heap or pile of arms: agger armorum, Tac. H. 2, 70.—Poet., for mountains: aggeres Alpini, Verg. A. 6, 830; so, Thessalici aggeres, i. e. Pelion, Ossa, Olympus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 168.—A funeral pile of wood, Ov. M. 9, 234, and Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.—A heap of ashes: ab alto aggere, Luc. 5, 524 Weber.— A high wave of the sea: ab alto Aggere dejecit pelagi, Luc. 5, 674: consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem, Sen. Hippol. 1015 (cf.: mons aquae, Verg. A. 1, 105).—
  • B In milit. lang.
  • • 1 A mound erected before the walls of a besieged city, for the purpose of sustaining the battering engines, and which was gradually advanced to the town; cf. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 12: aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare, Cic. Fam. 15, 4; id. Att. 5, 20: esset agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia, id. Phil. 10, 9: celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere jacto turribusque constitutis, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 12: jacere, to throw up, Sall. J. 37, 4; so Vulg. Isa. 29, 3: aggerem exstruere, Caes. B. G. 2, 30: instruere, id. ib. 8, 41: promovere ad urbem, to bring near to the city, Liv. 5, 7.— Hence, poet.: stellatis axibus agger Erigitur, geminasque aequantis moenia turres Accipit, a mound is built provided with wheels (for moving it forwards), Luc. 3, 455; imitated by Sil. 13, 109.—Since such aggeres consisted principally of wood, they could be easily set on fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14: horae momento simul aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv. 5, 7.—Trop.: Graecia esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio, vel agger oppugnandae Italiae, rampart, mound, Cic. Phil. 10, 4: Agger Tarquini, the mound raised by Tarquinius Superbus for the defence of the eastern part of the city of Rome, in the neighborhood of the present Porta S. Lorenzo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; cf. id. 36, 15, 24, 104, n. 2, * Hor. S. 1, 8, 15; Juv. 5, 153; so id. 8, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 74.—Suet. uses agger for the Tarpeian rock: quoad praecipitaretur ex aggere, Calig. 27.—
    • 2 The mound raised for the protection of a camp before the trench (fossa), and from earth dug from it, which was secured by a stockade (vallum), consisting of sharpened stakes (valli); cf. Hab. Syn. 68, and Smith's Dict. Antiq.: in litore sedes, Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit, Verg. A. 7, 159; Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47.—
    • 3 The tribunal, in a camp, formed of turf, from which the general addressed his soldiers: stetit aggere saltus Cespitis, intrepidus vultum meruitque timeri, Luc. 5, 317: vix eā turre senex, cum ductor ab aggere coepit, Stat. Th. 7, 374; cf. Tac. A. 1, 18 Lips.—
    • 4 A military or public road, commonly graded by embankments of earth (in the class. per. only in Verg. and Tac., and always in connection with viae, agger alone belonging only to later Lat.): viae deprensus in aggere serpens, Verg. A. 5, 273: Aurelius agger, i. e. via Aurelia, Rutil. Itiner. 39: aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere, Tac. H. 2, 24 and 42; 3, 21 and 23.

agger, eris, m. (2. aggero), I) alles (wie Erde, Sand, Steine, Rasen, Reisholz), was zur Bildung einer Aufschüttung, einer Erhöhung od. zum Ausfüllen einer Vertiefung (eines Grabens, Sumpfes usw.) herbeigetragen wird, das Material-, das Nötige zum Ausschutt od. zum Damme (zum Walle), die Dammerde, Schanzerde, die Erde zur Beschüttung, zur Ausfüllung, der Erdschutt, der Schutt, zunächst als milit. t.t. bei der Befestigung des Lagers (vgl. unten no. II), aggerem petere, comportare, Caes.: cratibus atque aggere paludem od. aggere et cratibus fossas explere, Caes.: u. so fossas aggere complere, Verg.: cavernas aggere implere, Curt.: trabes aggere vestire, Caes.: rates (iunctas) terrā et aggere integere, mit Erde u. Steinen beschütten, Caes.: collo tenus aggeribus obrutus, Amm. – poet., moliri aggere tecta, bauen u. mit Erdschutt befestigen, Verg.: tepidoque onerabant aggere terrae, mit der Erde, die noch von dem kaum abgebrannten Scheiterhaufen warm war, Verg.

II) übtr., jeder aus zusammengetragener Erde usw. errichtete Damm, Erdwall, Erhöhung, 1) zunächst u. gew. als milit. t.t., a) der zur Befestigung des Lagers durch die aufgeworfene Erde des Grabens gebildete Damm, auf dem das vallum (der durch Palisaden, Pfähle, Flechtwerke verbundene eig. Wall) errichtet wurde, der Schanzaufwurf, die Schanze, der Erdwall, beim Lager für nur eine Nacht gew. 3 Fuß hoch, bei stehenden Lagern, namentl. eines Belagerungsheeres, viel höher u. breiter (die Erde war gegen das Herabrollen mit Faschinen, Palisaden od. Baumstämmen befestigt, dah. auch der agger dem Feuer ausgesetzt), worauf man, wie auf einer Mauer, Bollwerke u. Türme errichtete, sowie das Sturmzeug (die Mauerbrecher) aufpflanzte, die mit dem Fortschreiten der Schanzarbeit der Mauer nicht nur immer näher, sondern oft auch mit ihr auf gleiche Höhe gebracht wurden, aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare, Cic.: urbem cingere vallo et fossā, aggere maximo, vineis, turre altissimā, Cic.: aggerem apparare, instruere, exstruere, facere, iacĕre, Caes.: aggeres constituere, Plin. – aggerem ad urbem promovere, Cic.: vineas et aggerem muro iniungere, Liv. – aggeri ignem inferre, Caes.: aggeribus ignes inicere, Liv.: aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv. – im Bilde, esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio vel agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia, Cic. Phil. 10, 9. – b) zum Schutz gegen feindliche Anfälle vor einem Orte aufgeführter Damm, Wall, Hochwall, agger Tarquinii, gew. bl. agger, der zur Sicherung der Stadt Rom nach ihrer sich in die Ebene verlaufenden Ostseite hin vom kollinischen bis zum esquilinischen Tore von Servius Tullius aufgeführte, von Tarquinius Superbus noch erhöhte »Hochwall«, von Cicero ( de rep. 2, 11) maximus gen., weil er 7 Stadien (beinahe eine röm. od. ¹/₅ deutsche Meile) lang, 50 Fuß breit u. über 60 Fuß hoch war, mit einem über 100 Fuß breiten u. 60 Fuß tiefen Graben, gegen diesen mit einer Futtermauer von Werksteinen versehen, oben durch Türme geschützt (Plin. 3, 67; 36, 104). In dieser Gegend (der Umgebung der jetzigen Porta San Lorenzo), von Mäcenas wahrsch. zu einem sonnigen Spaziergang umgeschaffen (s. Hor. sat. 1, 8, 15), versammelte sich viel Volks, weshalb dort auch Gaukler, Wahrsager (Iuven. 6, 588; vgl. Quint. 12, 10, 74), Affenführer ( Iuven. 5, 153 sqq.) u. dgl. ihr Wesen trieben; unterhalb, nach der Stadt zu, wohnten viele arme Leute (Iuven. 8, 43), und von diesem Damme stürzte sich wohl auch der (bei Sueton erwähnte) dem öffentlichen Spotte preisgegebene Römer herab, Suet. Cal. 27, 2. – dah. poet. für Wall, zum Schutz einer Stadt, Stadtwall, Stadtmauer übh., primas in litore sedes castrorum in morem pinnis et aggere cingit, Verg.: proelia miscent aggeribus murorum, Verg.; vgl. cocto aggere opus, Mauer von Brandziegelsteinen, Prop. – c) zum Schutz gegen die Einfälle der Nachbarn, die errichtete Grenzbefestigung, Tac. ann. 2, 19 extr.

2) übh. ein zum Schutz angelegter Erdwall, Damm, wie a) als Einfriedigung der Äcker, Erdwall (vgl. Varr. r.r. 1, 14, 2 sqq.), terreus, Varr.: agrestis, Tac. – b) zur Sicherung eines Ufers, Hafens, Ufer-, Fluß-, Hafendamm (sonst moles, ital. molo), Verg. u. Tac., Vitr. u. Ov. – dah. (bei Dichtern) die Böschung des Ufers u. das Ufer (als natürl. Flußdamm), gramineus ripae agger, Verg.: herbosus agger, Ov.: flumineus agger, Sil. – c) zur Sicherung des Weges durch sumpfige Gegenden, der Dammweg, pontes et aggeres umido paludum imponere, Tac. ann. 1, 61. – d) das Aufschütten einer Straße (auch Brückenstraße), der Damm, Erdwall, agger viae, Verg. Aen. 5, 273 (u. dazu Serv.). Tac. hist. 2, 24 u. 42. – bei Spät. der Dammweg = die Straße, Landstraße selbst, sofern sie durch Aufschütten erhöht und befestigt war, agger publicus = via publica (Heerstraße), Sidon. u.a.: solidus agger, von der appischen Straße, Stat.: Aurelius agger, Rutil. Nam. u. Mulvius agger (Brückendamm, Brücke), Stat. Vgl. A.W. Zumpt observv. in Rutil. Claud. Namat. carmen p. 105 u. (über agger publicus) Savaro Sidon. ep. 4, 24. p. 292.

3) (poet.) von jeder Art von künstlicher od. natürlicher Erhöhung auf dem Boden, wie a) die, bes. in Lagern, aus Erde u. Rasen gebildete Erhöhung als Rednerbühne (suggestus) u. dgl., der Aufwurf (vgl. Ruperti Tac. ann. 1, 18, 3), tumulique ex aggere (von der aufgetürmten Erhöhung) fatur, Verg.: stetit aggere fultus cespitis, Lucan. – b) ein aus Rasen erbauter Altar, Val. Flacc. 5, 641 (vgl. ibid. 61). – c) der Grabhügel, agger tumuli, Verg.: busti, Lucan. u. Val. Flacc.: prodire ab aggeribus (Gräbern) conditos, Arnob. 1, 46. – d) der Holzstoß = Scheiterhaufen, Ov. u.a. – e) v. Bergen u. Hügeln als natürlichen Schutzwehren, die Höhe, aggeres Alpini, Verg.: aërii agger montis, die luftige Höhe des Berges, Sil. – f) von aufgetürmten Wasserwogen, ab alto aggere pelagi, Lucan.: consurgens agger aquarum, Sil. – u. endl. g) von jedem aufgetürmten »Haufen«, auch wir ein Wall, arenae, Haufen von Sand, Verg.: aggeres nivei, Verg.: medio ex aggere, Holzhaufen, Ov.: altus agger favillae, Lucan.: agger armorum, strues corporom, Tac.: cadaverum aggeres, Amm.: u. so in mediis aggeribus (Leichenhaufen), Val. Flacc.: aggeres epularum, Augustin. serm. 16, 4: aggeres calamitatum, ibid. 38, 10: agger testimoniorum, Augustin. de pecc. merit. et. remiss. 1, 53. – ➳ Archaist. Nom. arger nach Prisc. 1, 45. – Lucil. sat. 11, 4 u. 26, 81 liest L. Müller agerem u. agere, aber Lachmann 346 u. 577 aggerem u. aggere.

agger [CL] , heap, stack. b earthwork, embankment, motte. c highway. d milldam. e ridge of ‘rig and fur’ field (cf. D. Murray: Early Burgh Organization in Scotland (1924) I 103). Alpes / aggeribus niveis et montis vertice saeptas Aldh. CE 3. 25; jurans quod potius praesentis littora portus / illi committet aggere sub lapidum G. Amiens Hast. 584; s1216 [Savaricus] omnia blada ‥ sicut erant ‥ aggerata combussit, ipsomet docente quod in imis ~erum incendiarii ignem supponerent M. Par. Min. II 190.  b cum ‥ mansionem angustam circumvallante ~ere construxisset Bede HE IV 26 p. 271; aggeribus crassis nisa est gens Picta rebellis / Anglorum solitas jam tunc non ferre catenas Frith. 539; castellum ‥ editissimo ~ere sublatum G. Steph. I 16; in turrim cumulato terrarum ~ere sitam Gir. IK I 4; s1297 cingitur villa [Wincheleseia] non muro lapideo sed ~ere de terra facto Trevet 359.  c ~er, eorðbyre vel geworht stræt, strata vel delapidata Ælf. Gl.; [rex Elfredus] pacem infudit provincie, ut etiam per publicos ~eres ‥ armillas aureas juberet suspendi que viantium aviditatem riderent W. Malm. GR II 122; cum ‥ ~erem calcaret publicum (Mir. S. Edm.) Ciren. I 354.  d s1318 fecit unum novum molendinum ‥ stans prope aquam, cujus ~er perficitur ex petra veluta ad modum parietis Whittlesey 165.  e 1487 de sex ~eribus jacentibus contigue super le Comon Lonyng Reg. Glasg. 453.

aggĕr, (9) ĕris, m. (adgero), ¶ 1 amoncellement de matériaux de toute espèce : fossam aggere explent Cæs. G. 7, 79, 4, ils comblent le fossé dʼun amas de matériaux ; aggerem petere Cæs. G. 2, 20, 1 ; comportare Cæs. C. 2, 15, 1, faire venir, transporter des amas de matériaux ; (trabes) aggere vestiuntur Cæs. G. 7, 23, 2, (ces traverses) sont revêtues dʼune couche de déblais ¶ 2 levée de terre [pour fortifier un camp] : aggerem ac vallum extruere Cæs. G. 7, 72, 4, établir une levée de terre et une palissade ; ejus valli agger Cæs. C. 3, 63, 1, la levée qui supportait cette palissade || [en part.] le talus de Servius, agrandi par Tarquin, protégeant Rome entre lʼEsquilin et le Quirinal : Cic. Rep. 2, 11 ; Liv. 1, 44, 3, etc.; aggere in aprico spatiari Hor. S. 1, 8, 15, se promener sur le talus ensoleillé de Servius ¶ 3 chaussée, terrasse [pour un siège] : aggerem jacere Cæs. G. 2, 12, 5 ; exstruere G. 2, 30, 3, construire une terrasse ; cotidianus agger Cæs. G. 7, 24, 4, travail journalier de la terrasse ; aggerem interscindere Cæs. G. 7, 24, 5, couper la terrasse ; cum agger promotus ad urbem esset Liv. 5, 7, 2, la chaussée étant menée jusquʼà la ville ¶ 4 [en gén.] chaussée, remblai, digue : Varro R. 1, 14, 2 ; Virg. En. 2, 496 ; inchoatum a Druso aggerem coercendo Rheno absolvit Tac. Ann. 13, 53, il acheva la digue commencée par Drusus pour contenir le Rhin || chaussée dʼune route : in aggere viæ Virg. En. 5, 273, sur la chaussée, cf. Serv. En. 5, 273 ; 12, 446 ; Isid. Orig. 15, 16, 7 ; aggerem viæ obtinere Tac. H. 2, 24, occuper la chaussée de la route || chaussée, levée formant route : pontes et aggeres humido paludum imponere Tac. Ann. 1, 61, établir des ponts et des chaussées sur lʼhumidité des marécages, cf. Ann. 2, 7 ; 4, 73 ¶ 5 [poét.] monceau, amas, élévation : tumuli ex aggere Virg. En. 5, 44, de lʼamoncellement dʼun tertre = du haut dʼun tertre de gazon ; aggeres nivei Virg. G. 3, 354, monceaux de neige ; aggeribus Alpinis descendens Virg. En. 6, 830, descendant des hauteurs des Alpes.

➳ arch. arger p. agger Prisc. Gramm. 1, 45.

agger , eris. m. (gero.)
堤。堆。 栅寨。— viae 甬路。

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agger eris, m

• ad + GES-, a mass, heap, collection, pile: aggere paludem explere, Cs.: longius erat agger petendus, Cs.: fossas aggere conplent, V.—A heap of rubbish, pile of stones, bank, mound, dam, pier, hillock, wall, dike, mole, rampart: aggeribus niveis informis terra, with snow-drifts, V.: proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, V.: molirique aggere tecta, a stockade, V.: aggeribus ruptis amnis exit, dams, V.: muniti aggere portūs, a breakwater, O.: viae agger, a causeway, V.—Poet.: aggeres Alpini, i. e. mountains, V.—A funeral pile, O.— A platform(for a speaker), O.— In war, a mound erected before a besieged city to sustain battering engines: vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere iacto, Cs.: aggerem iacere, S.: promovere ad urbem, to bring near to the city, L.; usu. of wood; hence, ut agger, tormenta flammam conciperent, Cs.: aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, L.— Fig.: esset agger oppugnandae Italiae, a rampart for attacking. — Freq. of mounds or terraces in Rome, built for defence, and afterwards used as promenades, a boulevard, terrace: maximus (Tarquinii): (Servius) aggere circumdat urbem, L.: Aggere in aprico spatiari, H.—A mound to protect a camp: seges aggere cingit, V.

AGGER

AGGER(χῶμα), from ad and gero, was used in general for a heap or mound of any kind which might be made of stones, wood, earth, or, any other substance. It was more particularly applied to a mound, usually composed of earth, which was raised round a besieged town, and which was gradually increased in breadth and height, till it equalled or overtopped the walls. Hence we find the expressions aggere oppidum oppugnare, aggere oppidum cingere; and the making of the agger is expressed by the verbs exstruere, construere, jacere, facere, &c. Some of these aggeres were gigantic works, flanked with towers to defend the workmen and soldiers, and surmounted by parapets, behind which the soldiers could discharge missiles upon the besieged towns. At the siege of Avaricum, Caesar raised in twenty-five days an agger 330 feet broad, and 80 feet high. (B. G. 7.24.) As the agger was sometimes made of wood, hurdles, and similar materials, we read of its being set on fire. (Liv. 36.23; Caes. B. G. 7.24, B.C. 2.14, 15.) The word agger was also applied to the earthen wall surrounding a Roman encampment, composed of the earth dug from the ditch (fossa), which was usually nine feet broad and seven feet deep; but if any attack was apprehended, the depth was increased to twelve feet, and the breadth to thirteen feet. Sharp stakes, &c., were usually fixed upon the agger, which was then called vallum. When both words are used (as in Caesar, B. G. 7.72, agger ac vallum), the agger means the mound of earth; and the vallum the sharp stakes (valli) which were fixed upon the agger.

At Rome, the formidable rampart erected by Servius Tullius to protect the north-eastern side of Rome was called agger. It extended sevenstadia, or about 1400 yards, from the Porta Collina to the Porta Esquilina, at the back of the Esquiline hill, where Rome is least fortified by nature. It was fifty feet broad, and protected by a ditch a hundred feet wide and thirty feet deep; and the Servian wall was carried along the top of it. (Cic. de Rep. 2.6; Dionys. 9.68.) Pliny (Plin. Nat.3.67) attributes the erection of this rampart to Tarquinius Superbus, who may have completed the work of his predecessor. Recent excavations have greatly cleared up the subject of this agger, which the older writers sometimes failed to distinguish from the wall itself. (See Burn, Rome, p. 48 ff., and the map facing p. 49.)

[W.S] [W.W]

Agger

(χῶμα), from ad and gero. A term used in general for a heap or mound of any kind. It was more particularly applied to a mound, usually composed of earth, which was raised around a besieged town, and was gradually increased in breadth and height till it equalled or overtopped the walls. At the siege of Avaricum, Caesar raised in twenty-five days an agger 330 feet broad and 80 feet high. The agger was sometimes made not only of earth, but of wood, hurdles, etc., as in the accompanying illustration, whence we read of its being set on fire. The name agger was also applied to the earthen wall surrounding a Roman encampment, composed of the earth dug from the ditch (fossa), which was usually nine feet broad and seven feet deep; but if any attack was apprehended, the depth was increased to twelve feet and the breadth to thirteen feet. Sharp stakes were usually fixed upon the agger, which was then called vallum. When both words are used (as in Caesar, agger ac vallum), the agger means the mound of earth, and the vallum, the sharp stakes which were fixed upon the agger.