lucerna

lŭcerna, ae, f. [luc-erna, from luceo, q. v.; with double suffix like caverna, laverna, lanterna, etc.; cf. Gr. κέ-αρνον, σκέπαρνον], a lamp, oil-lamp.

• I Lit.: lucerna dicta a luce, aut quod id vocant Graeci λύχνον, Varr. L. L. 5, § 119 Müll.: lucernam forte oblitus fueram extinguere, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 56 (486): in sole lucernam adhibere nihil interest, Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 29: lucerna me deserit, my light goes out, id. Att. 7, 7, 7: vino et lucernis Medus acinaces Immane quantum discrepat, i.e. evening entertainments, Hor. C. 1, 27, 5: accedit numerus lucernis, the lights begin to seem double, id. S. 2, 1, 25; cf.: cum geminis exsurgit mensa lucernis, Juv. 6, 305: pereundum est ante lucernas, before candle-light, id. 10, 339: lucernam accendere, Phaedr. 3, 19, 4: turpis fumo lucernae, Juv. 6, 131: lucerna ardens exstinguitur, Plin. 31, 3, 28, § 49: fungi lucernarum, id. 28, 11, 46, § 163: pinguem nebulam vomuere lucernae, Pers. 5, 181: lucerna splendens super candelabrum, Vulg. Sir. 26, 22.—
• II Transf.
• • A Nocturnal labor, lucubration (poet.): haec ego non credam Venusina digna Lucerna? Juv. 1, 51.—
  • B A guide, instructor: quia mandatum lucerna est, Vulg. Prov. 6, 23; ib. 2 Sam. 22, 29: lucerna pedibus meis verbum tuum, id. Psa. 118, 105.—
  • C A phosphorescent fish, Plin. 9, 27, 43, § 82.

lucerna, ae, f. (luceo), die Leuchte = die Lampe, Öllampe, I) eig. u. meton.: 1) eig.: lumen lucernae, Cic., lumina lucernarum (Grubenlampen), Plin.: luc. lucida, Apul.: lucernas fraudare olivo, Hor.: lucernas concinnare (zurechtmachen), Hieron.: lucernam accendere, Phaedr.: lucernam accendere sabbatis, Sen.: lucernam interimere (auslöschen), Trag. inc. fr.: vino et lucernis, nächtliche Gelage, Hor.: ante lucernas, vor Nachtzeit, Iuven.: ut accessit numerus lucernis, bei der Trunkenheit, weil Trunkene alles doppelt sehen, Hor. – 2) meton., die Nachtarbeit, Lukubration, haec ego non credam Venusinā digna lucernā, Iuven. 1, 51. – II) übtr., ein bei windstillen Nächten leuchtender Fisch, die Seeleuchte (Trigla lucerna, L.), Plin. 9, 82.

lucerna [CL] 1 lamp, lantern; b (w. allusion to Matth. xxv 1–13; also in fig. context); c (defined in gl. or sim.). lux clarissimae ~ae Gildas EB 93 (v. lucere 3b); aerata ‥ lucerna Aldh. VirgV 212 (cf. ib. 209: lanterna, 213: lichinus); ut ~am, quae inibi accensa erat, extinguerent Bede HE IV 8 p. 221; a1162 ~am continuam, quam ‥ ante magnum altare semper ardere dignum duximus Doc. Theob. 43; 1342 altare non est dedicatum, ~a deficit, baptisterium inhonestum Vis. Totnes 110; 1496 pro reparacione ~e pendentis ad hostium camere domini prioris Ac. Durh. 653.  b tertia virgineis fulgescit vita lucernis Aldh. VirgV 97; sapientes quinque puellae, / aeterna in manibus portantes luce lucernas Alcuin Carm. 103. 1. 5.  c 10‥ ~a, blæcern WW; 10‥ lampas vel ~a vel laterna, leohtfæt WW; luminare, lumen, ~a Osb. Glouc. Deriv. 323; ~a, launterne Teaching Latin II 19. 2 (fig.): a (var.); b (~a of human soul, mind, or sim.); c (denoting person; cf. e infra); d (denoting place); e (w. ref. to Matth. v 15 etc.). a ~am prophetici sermonis Bede Ep. Cath. 73; nullis tribulationum tenebris ‥ potest ~a devotionis ejus extingui Id. Prov. 1033; Christi ~a V. Greg. 91 (v. lucere 1e); quid? loquar an sileam? verbi da, Christe, lucernam Frith. 481; summum bonum, quod ~a veritatis quesitum et inventum est Anselm (Mon. 19) I 34; nec ulla ~a historie previa semitam dirigo W. Malm. GP prol. p. 4; ipsa [sancta scriptura] est lumen et ~a ad quam debemus ‥ aspicere [cf. Psalm. cxviii 105] Ailr. Serm. 22. 9. 318; luculentam ‥ multaque lucubratione plurimum elaboratam sapientie ~am ‥ palam exponunt Gir. TH III praef. p. 139; ut omnis actio bona fiat ~a fulgoris J. Ford Serm. 48. 9.  b anime ‥ lucerna Hanv. VII 469 (v. delanguidus); quatenus fecunda sensuum obscuritas multiplicem nobis ~am accendat J. Ford Serm. 25. 2; David regis eloquium, / cujus lucet sic testimonium / quod accendit lucernas mentium J. Howd. Ph. 692.  c a1078 (v. lucifer 3a); florebant Anselmus Beccensis ‥ aliique plures in templo Dei lucentes ~e Ord. Vit. VIII 25 p. 430; quod beatus martyr ‥ ~a fuerit ardens et lucens [cf. Joh. v 35] S. Langton Serm. 4. 38; tu ‥ / ‥ abbatum rutilans, Henrice, lucerna H. Avr. Guthl. proem. 10; p1322 gaude, Thoma, ducum decus, lucerna Lancastrie Pol. Songs 268; primam ~arum tuarum [i. e. fratrem tuum] ‥ mortis ‥ flatus extinxit Ps.-Elmh. Hen. V 115 p. 306.  d omnium virtutum moralium atque theologicarum speculum et ~a [civitas Parisiensis] S. Sim. Itin. 7.  e Alcuin WillV 34. 53 (v. decere 2); 1070 [Deus] sapientie vestre ~am in eminenti constituit candelabro Anselm (Ep. 1) III 97; dum quasi ~e super candelabrum lucerent Ord. Vit. VIII 18 p. 384; ut facti essetis ~a doctrine supra candelabrum Dunelmensis ecclesie R. Cold. Osw. praef. p. 329; s1458 ~a regiminis ‥ mei avunculi ‥ que ‥ sub modio occultacionis delituit Reg. Whet. I 312. 3 (transf.): a (w. ref. to jewel); b (w. ref. to eye; cf. Matth. vi 22). c (ray or beam of) light. a bratea ‥ auri ‥, / quamvis gemmarum constent ornata lucernis ‥ Aldh. Aen. 96 (Elefans) 12.  b restaurata suis micuerunt ora lucernis Wulf. Swith. II 704.  c per ~am de celo super reliquias emissam W. Malm. GR I 49 p. 53; Id. GP III 101 p. 230 (v. dirigere 3f).

lŭcerna, (11) æ, f. (luceo), lampe : Varro L. 5, 119 ; Cic. Fin. 4, 29 || travail de nuit : Juv. 1, 51 || [fig.] guide, maître : Vulg. Prov. 6, 23 ; Psalm. 118, 105 || poisson phosphorescent : Plin. 9, 82.

lucerna , ae. f.
燈。魚名。

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lucerna ae, f

• LVC-, a lamp, oil-lamp: lucerna me deserit, goes out: Vino et lucernis, i. e. evening entertainments, H.: Accessit numerus lucernis, the lights are seen double, H.: ante lucernas, before candle-light, Iu.: lucernam accendere, Ph.: Haec ego non credam Venusinā digna lucerna?lucubration, Iu.

LUCERNA

LUCERNA(λύχνος), an oil lamp. The Greeks and Romans originally used candles; but in later times candles were chiefly confined to the houses of the lower classes. [CANDELA] A great number of ancient lamps has come down to us; the greater part of which are made of terra-cotta (τροχήλατοι, Aristoph. Eccl. 1), but also a considerable number of bronze. Most of the lamps are of an oval form, and flat upon the top, on which there are frequently figures in relief. (See the woodcuts, Vol. I. pp. 211, 619.) In the lamps there are one or more round holes according to the number of wicks (ellychnia) burnt in it; and as these holes were called from an obvious analogy, μυκτῆρες or μύξαι, literally nostrils or nozzles, the lamp was also called Monomyxos, Dimyxos or bilychnis, Trimyxos, or Polymyxos, according as it contained one, two, three, or a greater number of nozzles or holes for the wicks; and there is besides the central hole for pouring in the oil, usually covered with a lid. The following example of a dimyxos lucerna, upon which there is a winged boy with a goose, is taken from the Museo Borbonico, vol. iv. pl. 14.

For the polymyxos cf. Mart. 14.41: Illustrem cum tota meis convivia flammis,Totque geram myxas, una lucerna vocor; and see the woodcut Vol. 1. p. 331.

The next woodcut, taken from the same work (vol. i. pl. 10), represents one of the most beautiful bronze lamps which has yet been found. Upon it is the figure of a standing Silenus.

The lamps sometimes hung in chains from the ceiling of the room (Verg. A. 1.726; Petron. 30; Stat. Theb. 1.521), but generally stood upon a stand. [CANDELABRUM] Sometimes a figure holds the lamp, as in the annexed woodcut (Museo

Borbon. vol. vii. pl. 15), which also exhibits the needle or instrument which served to trim the wick, and is attached to the figure by means of a chain. (Comp. Verg. Moret. 11, Et producit acu stupas humore carentes.)

We read of lucernae cubiculares, balneares, tricliniares, sepulcrales, &c.; but these names were only given to the lamps on account of the purposes to which they were applied, and not on account of a difference in shape. The lucernae cubiculares were burnt in bed-chambers all night. (Mart. 14.39, 10.38-Z2.)

Perfumed oil was sometimes burnt in the lamps (Petron. 70; Mart. 10.38, 9). The sepulchral lamps were not merely placed and left, but were lighted as a pious duty. So in the following condition of freedom: Saccus servus meus et Eutychia ancilla mea sub hac conditione liberi sunto, ut monumento meo alternis mensibus lucernam accendant et solemnia mortis peragant (Dig. 40, 4, 44).

(Passeri, Lucernae fictiles; Birch, Ancient Pottery, 2.277; Marquardt, Privatleben, 645; Becker-Göll, Charikles, 3.86; Gallus, 2.390.)

[W.S] [G.E.M]