through
through
prep.
P. and V. διά̆ (gen.).
Owing to: P. and V. διά̆ (acc.).
With states of feeling: P. and V. ὑ̆πό (gen.).
All join forces through fear: P. πάντα . . . ὑπὸ δεοὺς συνίσταται (Thuc. 6.33).
Through anger: V. ὀργῆς ὕπο (Eur. I.A. 335).
Throughout, of place P. and V. διά̆ (gen.), κᾰτά̆ (acc.), ἀ̆νά̆ (acc.) (Thuc. 4.72, Dem. 1277, but rare P.).
Of time: P. and V. διά̆ (gen.).
Right through: V. διαμπερές (gen.), διαμπάξ (gen.).
prep.
P. and V. διά̆ (gen.).
Owing to: P. and V. διά̆ (acc.).
With states of feeling: P. and V. ὑ̆πό (gen.).
All join forces through fear: P. πάντα . . . ὑπὸ δεοὺς συνίσταται (Thuc. 6.33).
Through anger: V. ὀργῆς ὕπο (Eur. I.A. 335).
Throughout, of place P. and V. διά̆ (gen.), κᾰτά̆ (acc.), ἀ̆νά̆ (acc.) (Thuc. 4.72, Dem. 1277, but rare P.).
Of time: P. and V. διά̆ (gen.).
Right through: V. διαμπερές (gen.), διαμπάξ (gen.).
through
adv.
Right through: P. and V. διαμπερές (Plat. Phaedo, 111e, Rep. 616e), διαμπάξ (Xen.).
Thinking there was a way right through to the outside: P. οἰόμενοι . . . εἶναι . . . ἀντίκρυς δίοδον εἰς τὸ ἔξω (Thuc. 2, 4).
Through and through, completely: P. and V. παντελῶς, πάντως, διὰ̆ τέλους, V. διαμπάξ.
All through: P. and V. διὰ̆ τέλους, Ar. and P. διὰ̆ παντός, P. κατὰ πάντα; see throughout.Carry through, v.: see accomplish.
Fall through, fail: P. and V. κᾰκῶς χωρεῖν, οὐ προχωρεῖν.
Go through: P. and V. διέρχεσθαι (acc.), Ar. and V. διᾰπερᾶν (acc.) (rare P.), V. διέρπειν (acc.), διαστείχειν (acc.); see under go.Met., see endure.
adv.
Right through: P. and V. διαμπερές (Plat. Phaedo, 111e, Rep. 616e), διαμπάξ (Xen.).
Thinking there was a way right through to the outside: P. οἰόμενοι . . . εἶναι . . . ἀντίκρυς δίοδον εἰς τὸ ἔξω (Thuc. 2, 4).
Through and through, completely: P. and V. παντελῶς, πάντως, διὰ̆ τέλους, V. διαμπάξ.
All through: P. and V. διὰ̆ τέλους, Ar. and P. διὰ̆ παντός, P. κατὰ πάντα; see throughout.Carry through, v.: see accomplish.
Fall through, fail: P. and V. κᾰκῶς χωρεῖν, οὐ προχωρεῖν.
Go through: P. and V. διέρχεσθαι (acc.), Ar. and V. διᾰπερᾶν (acc.) (rare P.), V. διέρπειν (acc.), διαστείχειν (acc.); see under go.Met., see endure.
THROUGH
adverb Vid: THROUGHOUT.
adverb Vid: THROUGHOUT.
preposition
Of space and time per; but this is usually expressed by compound words.
Denoting a means per (especially if a living being be the means; rarely if it be a thing). The Latins usually express the means if it be a thing by a simple ablative; as to gain the favor of others by flatteries aliorum benevolentiam blanditiis colligere; Vid: Grotef. § 217 and 218 Obs. 2; Zumpt § 455. Hence also with the gerund the preposition is always omitted; as the human mind is nourished by learning and thinking hominis mens discendo alitur et cogitando. Sometimes also the Latins employ the participles utens and usus (as the Greeks χρώμενος and χρησάμενος); e.g. proeliis secundis usus.
Denoting cause and operation per (by occasion of): a ab (denoting immediate operation especially after passive and intransitive verbs; as interire ab aliquo): propter (denoting an efficient cause after transitive or intransitive verbs; e.g. ii propter quos hanc suavissimam lucem aspeximus); or it may be expressed by ductus adductus motus excitatus etc.; e.g. pulchritudine ductus; or in this case we may use propter ob causa: if the notion of hindrance or impediment be included we may use prohibitus or impeditus instead of ductus (e.g. negotiis impeditus): alicujus opera (by the efforts of anyone; as eorum opera plebs concitata est): alicujus or alicujus rei beneficio (through the kindness of; e.g. sic Gyges repente annuli beneficio rex exortus est through the ring). If things without life are specified as a cause the relation is usually expressed by the ablative without a preposition; as this has happened through your fault vestra culpa hoc accidit (Vid: Grotef. § 218 Obs. 2 sqq.; Zumpt §452).
Denoting extension of space and time = throughout per; e.g. through all the provinces of your empire per imperii tui provincias: the report spreads through all Africa fama per omnem Africam divulgatur. Here also the Latins form compounds with per; e.g. through and through penitus (to the innermost part entirely; e.g. perspicere nosse): per omnes partes (through all parts etc.) The Latins also express it by verbs compounded with per; as percutere: also with trans; as to pierce through and through with a sword aliquem transigere gladio. To be carried through valere (of a law plan etc.): perferri (of a proposed law).
Of space and time per; but this is usually expressed by compound words.
Denoting a means per (especially if a living being be the means; rarely if it be a thing). The Latins usually express the means if it be a thing by a simple ablative; as to gain the favor of others by flatteries aliorum benevolentiam blanditiis colligere; Vid: Grotef. § 217 and 218 Obs. 2; Zumpt § 455. Hence also with the gerund the preposition is always omitted; as the human mind is nourished by learning and thinking hominis mens discendo alitur et cogitando. Sometimes also the Latins employ the participles utens and usus (as the Greeks χρώμενος and χρησάμενος); e.g. proeliis secundis usus.
Denoting cause and operation per (by occasion of): a ab (denoting immediate operation especially after passive and intransitive verbs; as interire ab aliquo): propter (denoting an efficient cause after transitive or intransitive verbs; e.g. ii propter quos hanc suavissimam lucem aspeximus); or it may be expressed by ductus adductus motus excitatus etc.; e.g. pulchritudine ductus; or in this case we may use propter ob causa: if the notion of hindrance or impediment be included we may use prohibitus or impeditus instead of ductus (e.g. negotiis impeditus): alicujus opera (by the efforts of anyone; as eorum opera plebs concitata est): alicujus or alicujus rei beneficio (through the kindness of; e.g. sic Gyges repente annuli beneficio rex exortus est through the ring). If things without life are specified as a cause the relation is usually expressed by the ablative without a preposition; as this has happened through your fault vestra culpa hoc accidit (Vid: Grotef. § 218 Obs. 2 sqq.; Zumpt §452).
Denoting extension of space and time = throughout per; e.g. through all the provinces of your empire per imperii tui provincias: the report spreads through all Africa fama per omnem Africam divulgatur. Here also the Latins form compounds with per; e.g. through and through penitus (to the innermost part entirely; e.g. perspicere nosse): per omnes partes (through all parts etc.) The Latins also express it by verbs compounded with per; as percutere: also with trans; as to pierce through and through with a sword aliquem transigere gladio. To be carried through valere (of a law plan etc.): perferri (of a proposed law).
through (prep.):
I. Motion, extension t.:
1. per (with acc.): to see t. the membranes of the eyes, p. membranos oculorum cernere, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142: t. the forum, p. forum, id. Att. 14, 16: a hundred affairs flash t. my brain and start up at my side, negotia centum p. caput et circa saliunt latus, Hor. S. 2, 6, 33.
2. expr. by compd. verbs: the moon shining t. the windows, percurrens luna fenestras, Prop. 1, 3, 31: the prep. may be elegantly repeated: to break t. the midst of the foe, perrumpere per medios hostes, Caes. B. G. 6, 40.
II. During, throughout, (of time): v.THROUGHOUT .
III. By means of:
1. usu. expr. by abl. of cause, manner, or instrument: v. Lat. Gr. §§ 311-313.
2. per (mostly with acc. of person): to learn t. scouts, p. exploratores cognoscere, Caes. B. G. 1, 22: to learn warfare by toil and experience, militiam discere p. laborem usu, Sall. C. 7 (al. laboris usu).
3. propter (with acc.: rare): those t. whom he lives, ii p. quos vivit, Cic. Mil. 22, 58 (i. e. those whom he has to thank for his life).
4. ab: v.FROM , BY . Phr.: t. me thou hast recovered Tarentum, mea opera Tarentum recepisti, Cic. Sen. 4, 11: t. the ring he rose to be king, annuli beneficio rex exortus est, id. Off. 3, 9, 38. [N.B.--The gerund is never used in the abl. with a prep.]
IV. On account of:
1. ob, propter: v.ACCOUNT (III. on account of).
2. per (rare: cf. Lat. Gr. § 556, 17, Obs. 1): t. age, p. aetatem, Cic. Manil. 1, 1: t. fear, p. metum, Pl. Aul. 2, 1, 12.
3. ex: v.FROM .
I. Motion, extension t.:
1. per (with acc.): to see t. the membranes of the eyes, p. membranos oculorum cernere, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142: t. the forum, p. forum, id. Att. 14, 16: a hundred affairs flash t. my brain and start up at my side, negotia centum p. caput et circa saliunt latus, Hor. S. 2, 6, 33.
2. expr. by compd. verbs: the moon shining t. the windows, percurrens luna fenestras, Prop. 1, 3, 31: the prep. may be elegantly repeated: to break t. the midst of the foe, perrumpere per medios hostes, Caes. B. G. 6, 40.
II. During, throughout, (of time): v.
III. By means of:
1. usu. expr. by abl. of cause, manner, or instrument: v. Lat. Gr. §§ 311-313.
2. per (mostly with acc. of person): to learn t. scouts, p. exploratores cognoscere, Caes. B. G. 1, 22: to learn warfare by toil and experience, militiam discere p. laborem usu, Sall. C. 7 (al. laboris usu).
3. propter (with acc.: rare): those t. whom he lives, ii p. quos vivit, Cic. Mil. 22, 58 (i. e. those whom he has to thank for his life).
4. ab: v.
IV. On account of:
1. ob, propter: v.
2. per (rare: cf. Lat. Gr. § 556, 17, Obs. 1): t. age, p. aetatem, Cic. Manil. 1, 1: t. fear, p. metum, Pl. Aul. 2, 1, 12.
3. ex: v.
through (adv.): usu. expr. by comp. verbs: I have read the third book t., tertium librum perlegi, Cic. Div. 1, 5, 8: to run any one t. and t. with a sword, transigere aliquem gladio, Tac A. 2, 68.