tabella

tăbella, ae (nom. plur. TABELAI, S. C. de Bacch. Corp. I. R. 196). f. dim. [tabula].

• I In gen., a small board, a little table or tablet (rare and mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose): liminis, i. e. the door-sill, Cat. 32, 5: tabella aerea, a brass plate, Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 19: hos (libellos) eme, quos artat brevibus membrana tabellis, little tablets, i. e. small pages, Mart. 1, 3, 3: parva tabella capit ternos utrimque lapillos, small gamingboards, Ov. A. A. 3, 365; id. Tr. 2. 481: pistor multiplices struit tabellas, i. e. thin cakes, Mart. 11, 31, 9.—Of the basket or cradle in which Romulus and Remus were exposed: heu quantum fati parva tabella vehit, the little bark, Ov. F. 2, 408.—
• II In partic. (class.).
• • A A writing-tablet: tabellis pro chartis utebantur antiqui, quibus ultro citro, sive privatim sive publice opus erat, certiores absentes faciebant, unde adhuc tabellarii dicuntur: et tabellae missae ab imperatoribus, Fest. p. 359 Müll.: tabellae Imponere manus, Ov. P. 4, 2, 27: abiegnae, id. A. A. 3, 469: litteras tabellae insculpere, Quint. 1, 1, 27: fecit et Libyn puerum tenentem tabellam, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 59.—
  • • 2 Hence, transf., in plur., a writing, written composition, letter, contract, will, etc.: tabellas proferri jussimus ... Recitatae sunt tabellae in eandem fere sententiam, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10: allatae sunt tabellae ad eam a Stratippocle, eum argentum sumpsisse, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 68 (248): ex tabellis jam faxo scies, id. Ps. 1, 1, 47 (49): tabellas consignare, id. Curc. 2, 3, 86 (365): tu quidem tabellis obsignatis agis mecum, with sealed writings, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33: publicae Heracleensium, public records, id. Arch. 4, 9; cf. Liv. 43, 16, 13: tabellae quaestionis plures proferuntur, minutes of evidence, Cic. Clu. 65, 184: cur totiens video mitti recipique tabellas? Ov. Am. 3, 14, 31: rasae, id. A. A. 1, 437: nuptiis tabellas dotis ipse consignavit, the marriage contract, Suet. Claud. 29: falsas signare tabellas, forged wills, Juv. 8, 142: laureatae, a letter announcing a victory, Liv. 45, 1, 8.—Sing. (rare): testimonium per tabellam dare, in writing, Tac. Or. 36: ex tabellā pronuntiare sententiam, Suet. Claud. 15.—
  • B A tablet for voting, a ballot.
  • • 1 In the comitia, used in electing a magistrate or deciding upon the acceptance of a proposed law: in the former case the elector wrote down the name of a candidate; in the latter, each voter received two tablets, on one of which were the letters U. R., i. e. uti rogas, denoting approval; on the other, A., i. e. antiquo (for the old law), denoting rejection: me universa civitas non prius tabellā quam voce priorem consulem declaravit, Cic. Pis. 1, 3: an ego exspectem, dum de te quinque et septuaginta tabellae dirimantur? id. ib. 40, 96: tabella modo detur nobis, sicut populo data est, id. Phil. 11, 8, 19; cf.: si populo grata est tabella, quae frontis aperit hominum, id. Planc. 6, 16. —
    • 2 In courts of justice; here each judge usually received three tablets; one of which, inscribed A., i. e. absolvo, denoted acquittal; another, with C., i. e. condemno, written on it, denoted condemnation; and the third, with N. L., i. e. non liquet (it is not clear), left the case undecided: cum tabella vobis dabitur, judices, non de Flacco dabitur solum: dabitur de bonis omnibus, Cic. Fl. 39, 99: huic judicialis tabella committetur? id. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79: de quibusdam etiam imperitus judex dimittere tabellam potest, give his vote, Sen. Ben. 3, 7, 5: quamlibet austeras de me ferat urna tabellas, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 49; Caes. B. C. 3, 83; cf. Suet. Aug. 33. —
  • C A painted tablet, a small picture or painting: ea (exhedria) volebam tabellis ornare, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3: priscis sparsa tabellis Porticus, Ov. A. A. 1, 71: inveniat plures nulla tabella modos, id. ib. 2, 680: comicae tabellae, Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 114; cf.: cubicula tabellis adornavit, Suet. Tib. 43: Tyrrhena sigilla, tabellas, Sunt qui non habeant, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 180: Pausiaca, id. S. 2, 7, 95.—
  • D A votive tablet, hung up in a temple, and on which one acknowledged by writing or painting the favor or aid he had received from a deity: nunc, dea, nunc succurre mihi, nam posse mederi, Picta docet templis multa tabella tuis, Tib. 1, 3, 28: et posita est meritae multa tabella deae, Ov. F. 3, 268: votiva, Hor. S. 2, 1, 33; so Juv. 12, 27: memores, Ov. M. 8, 744. —
  • E A fan: quos (ventos) faciet nostrā mota tabella manu, Ov. Am. 3, 2, 38.

tabella, ae, f. (Demin. v. tabula), I) das kleine Brett, die kleine Tafel, das Brettchen, Täfelchen, Plin.: liminis, das Brett der Schwelle, Catull. – II) meton., von dem aus Brett oder wie ein Brett Bereiteten: 1) die Mulde, worin Romulus u. Remus ausgesetzt wurden, Ov. fast. 2, 408. – 2) eine Kuchenscheibe, Mart. 11, 31, 9. – 3) der Fächer, Ov. am. 3, 2, 38. – 4) ein Spielbrett, Ov. art. am. 3, 365 u. trist. 2, 481. – 5) ein Gemälde, Cic. u.a.: comicae tabellae, die Szenen aus theatralischen Darstellungen enthalten, Plin. – 6) die Schreibtafel, das Merkbuch, die Rechentafel, cerata (mit Wachs überzogene), Cic.: abiegnae, Ov.: litteras (Buchstaben) tabellae quam optime insculpere, Quint.: puer tenens tabellam, Plin.: de tabella legit, vom Blatte, Apul.: haben tabellas? Ar. Vis rogare? habeo, et stilum, Plaut.: in tabellis quos consignavi hic heri latrones, Plaut. – Meton. (im Plur., wenn mehrere Blätter): a) = ein Schreiben, Brief, Briefchen, tabellae laureatae, Siegesbotschaft, Liv.: video mitti recipique tabellas, Ov.: tabellas proferri iussimus, Cic.: tabellae signatae, versiegelter Befehl (auf offner See zu öffnen), Auct. b. Afr. 3, 4. Frontin. strat. 1, 1, 2. – b) = die Urkunde (der Brief), der Vertrag, die Niederschrift, Akten (Papiere), tabellae emptionis, Kaufbrief, Kaufvertrag, Sen. rhet.: tabellae quaestionis, Niederschrift der peinlichen Aussagen, Cic.: tabellae dotis, Ehevertrag, Suet.: tabellis obsignatis agis mecum, nimmst ordentlich eine Niederschrift darüber auf, was ich gesagt habe, Cic.: quadringentorum reddis mihi tabellas, Wechsel, Schuldverschreibung, Mart.: signatis tabellis publicis, öffentliche Papiere, die im Archiv lagen, Liv.: falsas signare tabellas (Testament), Iuven. – 7) das Täfelchen, das man aus Dankbarkeit für seine Rettung in einem Tempel aufhängte, das Votiv-, Gedächtnistäfelchen, votiva, Iuven., u. ohne votiva, Tibull. u. Ov. – 8) das Stimmtäfelchen, a) in den Komitien, entweder zur Wahl eines Magistrates (in welchem Falle der Wähler den Namen des von ihm begünstigten Kandidaten auf das Täfelchen schrieb), od. zur Entscheidung über die Annahme eines vorgeschlagenen Gesetzes (in welchem Falle der Stimmende zur beliebigen Wahl zwei Täfelchen erhielt, das eine mit der bestimmenden Aufschrift U.R., d.i. uti rogas, wie du beantragst, das andere mit der ablehnenden Aufschrift A., d.i. antiquo, ich lasse es beim alten), s. Cic. in Pis. 3 u. 96. Cic. Phil. 11, 19. – b) in Gerichten (wo jeder Richter zur beliebigen Stimmabgabe drei Täfelchen bekam: das eine mit der freisprechenden Aufschrift A., d.i. absolvo, das zweite mit der verurteilenden Aufschrift C., d.i. condemno, das dritte mit der das Urteil aufhebenden Aufschrift N.L., d.i. non liquet), tabella iudicialis, Cic.: tabellam dare iudicibus de alqo, Cic.: ternas tabellas dare ad iudicandum iis, qui etc., Caes.: tabellam dimittere (abgeben), Sen. – ➳ Wegen tabella dimidiata (viell. = kleines, enges Zelt) b. Varro r.r. 3, 3, 1 s. Schneid. comment. p. 493 sq.

tabella [CL] 1 flat piece of wood or other material, board; b (used as sight of astr. instrument); c (as part of castanet). d (~a pacis or osculatoria) paxbred, osculatory. e flat part of table, tray, or sim.. 1489 de x s. de custuma mille ~arum dictarum knapholt [l. knarholt] ExchScot 144.  b hallidada est virgula longa ‥ mota super paxillum ‥ ut per foramina in ejus ~is altitudo siderum discernatur Wallingf. Rect. 416; horam in qua demum poteris intueri eandem stellam vel solem per ipsa foramina ~arum Ib. 420.  c in utraque manu gemina ludente tabella / ludit in ore sonus Vinsauf PN 645.  d 1521 una ~a pacis de argento Cant. Coll. Ox. I 56; 1524 ~a osculatoria sc. a pax Ib. I 65.  e sanctificetque sibi venerandae altare tabellae Æthelwulf Abb. 117; unam ~am super quam ciphi ponuntur, ad longitudinem v pedum et ad latitudinem ij FormMan 21. 2 painted panel. cui conpacta nitet prepulchris mensa tabellis Æthelwulf Abb. 436; eidem pictori pro factura ~arum pendencium in hospicio domini Ac. H. Derby 93. 3 (usu. pl., esp. par ~arum) tablet for writing or etching; b (for recording brief or draft text). pugillarem i. simul ~ae et graphium Comm. Cant. III 90; [aurifabri] discipulus rudis habeat ~am ceratam vel ceromate vel argilla unctam ‥ ad flosculos ‥ depingendos Neckam Ut. 118; 1364 in uno caton' cum j pare ~arum ‥ x d. Ac. Durh. 567; j par ~arum cum iij foliis Obed. Abingd. 57; 1408 j par ~arum pro compoto cove, ij mense Ac. Durh. 223; 1415 j par ~arum magnarum Ib. 184.  b c795 miror, quomodo me sub unius momenti angustia in brevi ~a vitae aeternae formam depingere poscis. ‥ aliquid inde ‥ brevi sermone dictavi Alcuin Ep. 268; sinceram adbreviationem sicut ~is tradidi compendiose, sic nunc satagam membrane summatim commendare Ord. Vit. VI 3 p. 6. 4 table, tabulation, diagram; b (w. ref. to the Tabulae Salernitanae). Jupiter habet sex primos gradus Arietis, Venus sex sequentes, et sic ceteris, ut patet in hac ~a Gros. 43.  b quia morietur ex ~io Salerni in glosa J. Mirfield Brev. 70. 5 (in gl.). a paire of tabyls, ~e CathA; a tabyldormande, assidella, ~a fixa Ib.; hec ~a, A. tabulles WW.

tăbella, (9) æ, f. , dim. de tabula ¶ 1 petite planche, planchette : Catul. 32, 5 ; Plin. 33, 19 ¶ 2 a) tablette de jeu : Ov. Ars 3, 365 ; Tr. 2, 1, 481 ; b) sorte de gâteau : Mart. 11, 31, 9 ; c) berceau où furent exposés Romulus et Rémus : Ov. F. 2, 408 ¶ 3 a) tablette à écrire : Fest. 359 ; litteras tabellæ insculpere Quint. 1, 1, 27, tracer des caractères sur une tablette, cf. Plin. 34, 59 ; b) pl., écrit de toute sorte : [lettre] Cic. Cat. 3, 10 ; tabellæ quæstionis Cic. Clu. 184, protocole dʼun interrogatoire [avec application de la question] ; tabellæ laureatæ Liv. 45, 1, 8, dépêche, message entouré de lauriers [annonçant une victoire] ; tabellæ dotis Suet. Claud. 29, contrat de mariage || sing. rare : Tac. D. 36 ; Suet. Claud. 15 ¶ 4 tablette de vote, bulletin : a) dans les comices : sʼil sʼagissait de lʼélection dʼun magistrat, le votant mettait le nom de son candidat sur le bulletin ; sʼil sʼagissait dʼune proposition de loi, le votant recevait deux bulletins, lʼun portant les deux lettres U. R. = uti rogas, comme tu le proposes, mention dʼadoption, lʼautre portant la lettre A. = antiquo, je rejette, mention de refus : Cic. Pis. 3 ; 96 ; Phil. 11, 19 ; Planc. 16 ; b) dans les tribunaux, où chaque juge recevait trois bulletins, lʼun avec la lettre A. = absolvo, jʼabsous, lʼautre avec C. = condemno, je condamne, le troisième avec N. L. = non liquet, ce nʼest pas clair = je ne me prononce pas : judicialis tabella Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 79, la tablette judiciaire ; tabellam dare, committere alicui Cic. Fl. 79 ; Verr. 2, 2, 79, remettre à un juge la tablette des votes ; ternas tabellas dare Cæs. C. 3, 83, 3, remettre à chacun les trois tablettes de vote ; tabellam dimittere de aliquo Sen. Ben. 3, 7, 5, rendre son arrêt sur qqn ; per tabellam sententiam ferre Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 104, donner son suffrage ¶ 5 petit tableau : Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3 ; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 180 ¶ 6 tablette votive, petit tableau déposé dans un temple en ex-voto : Juv. 12, 27 ; Tib. 1, 3, 28 ; Ov. F. 3, 268.

tabella , ae. f.
小板。寫主意牌。書信。書圖。賭博名。Exedria tabellis exornare 以書圖飾便室。Ex tabella sententiam pronuntiare 寫定案。Signatis tabellis cum eo agere 以文契辯彼。Tabellae comicae 畫戯子之圖。

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tabella ae, f dim.

• tabula, a small board: ternis instructa lapillis, i. e. gaming-board, O.: Heu quantum fati parva tabella vehit, frail plank(i. e. bark), O.: liminis, the door-sill, Ct.—A fan: quos (ventos) faciet nostrā mota tabella manu, O.—A little picture, small painting: ea (exedria) tabellis ornare: priscis sparsa tabellis Porticus, O.—A waxed tablet for writing, writing-tablet: tabellae Imponere manūs, O.: abiegnae, O.—In the comitia, a ballot, polling-ticket, vote: cerata tabella cerā legitimā, i. e. with wax of uniform color(to protect secrecy): tabellā consulem declarare, i. e. by ballot: tabella modo detur nobis, sicut populo data est.—In a court of justice, a judge's ballot, juror's tablet, vote(inscribed with letters indicating his judgment or verdict, as C for condemno; A for absolvo; NL for non liquet): iudicialis: ternas tabellas dari ad iudicandum iis, etc., Cs.—A votive tablet, memorial tablet: votiva, H.: memores, O.—Plur, a writing, written composition, letter, epistle: tabellae laureatae, a despatch reporting a victory, L.: Cur totiens video mitti recipique tabellas?O.: tabellas proferri iussimus.—A document, contract, deed, record: Heracliensium publicae, public records: tabellae quaestionis, minutes of the examination: falsaeforged wills, Iu.: tabellis obsignatis agis mecum, i. e. you hold me strictly to what I have said.

TABELLA

TABELLAthe voting tablet, by means of which votes were given at Rome both in the assemblies and in the courts of law.

1. In the assemblies the votes were originally the answers of the individual citizens to the magistrate who consulted the people as to their will and pleasure (rogavit populum quid vellent juberent). All evidence goes to show that the answers were originally given vivâ voce to the officials (rogatores) in attendance on the presiding magistrate. In the case, of an election these officials pricked each vote on the tablet which bore the name of the candidate in whose favour it was given, who was said punctum ferre, a phrase which remained in use metaphorically after the custom on which it was based had been abandoned (Hor. Epist 2.2, 99; Art. Poet. 343). The result was then reported to the magistrate, who declared elected (creavit) the candidates with a majority. The only difficulty in accepting this view arises from the meaning of the word suffragium: it can hardly be doubted that this means originally a potsherd, a broken piece of tile (Corssen, 1.397); but there is no evidence or probability that, voting by this means was ever practised at Rome in the assembly; the name may have been transferred from the use of the potsherd under other circumstances, but of this there is no proof (Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. 3.402, n. 1). Wunder's attempt (Var. Lect. p. clxvii. sqq.) to show that voting by pebbles (ψῆφοι) was in use, at least in passing or rejecting proposed laws, has not found favour with scholars. His arguments are derived entirely from passages in Dionysius, which only show that the writer transferred to an earlier time the arrangements of his own day (Mommsen, ib. 404, 2). The ballot was introduced first for the election of magistrates, B.C. 139 [TABELLARIAE LEGES]. After this date each voter received one tabella, on which were written the names, or more probably (cf. Cic. pro Domo, 43, 112) only the initials, of the candidates; and apparently he voted by pricking the tablet at the name of the favoured candidate. It is important to distinguish the tabella by means of which the citizens gave their votes, from the tabula or list on which the custodes checked off the votes, as they were taken out of the cistae and reported. (Cf. Tyrrell on Q. Cic. de Pet. Cons. 8)

In voting upon laws after the introduction of the ballot, each citizen was provided with two tickets, one inscribed V. R., i.e. uti rogas, for assent; the other A., i.e. antiquo, I approve the old law, for rejection (cp. Cic. ad Att. 1.1. 3, 3). When Clodius desired to secure the failure of a rogatio, he contrived that no tickets marked V. R. should be issued (Cic. ad Att. 1.1. 4, 5). Walther's view (Geschichte, 1.126, note 117), that when the Comitia acted as a court the tablets were different, does not seem well supported (cf. Lange, Röm. Alt.3 2.489).

2. In trials the judices were provided with three tabellae, one marked A., for absolvo, I acquit; the second with C., for condemno, I condemn; the third with N. L., for non liquet, It is not clear to me. The first of them was called tabella absolutoria, the latter tabella damnatorii (Suet. Aug. 33): Cicero also calls the former littera salutaris, the latter littera tristis (pro Mil. 6, 15). In Caesar (Bell. Civ. 3.83) we read that Domitius proposed that the senators who followed Pompeius should on their return to Rome be given each three tabellae, by which they might pass a verdict upon those who had remained at Rome: unam fore tabellam, qui liberandos omni periculo censerent; alteram qui capitis damnarent, tertiam qui pecunia multarent. A tabella marked with the letters L. D. is represented on a denarius of the Caelian gens; and as C. Caelius Caldus introduced one of the tabellariae leges, it has been plausibly suggested that these letters denote Libero and Damno respectively (cf. Spanheim, Numism. 2.198-200, ed. 1706; Mommsen, Röm. Münzwesen, p. 636). The annexed cut represents a coin of (Cassius) Longinus iii vir, referring to the Lex Cassia; the tablet is marked v. (Mommsen, ib. Cf. Cohen, Monnaie de la République, pll. xi. and xix.)

[A.S.W]

Tabella

A tablet used as a ballot in voting either at the elections of the Comitia or in the courts of justice. See comitia; iudex; judicial procedure; tabellariae leges.