caput

capita Rheni
the mouth of the Rhine poena capitis
capital punishment pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romana
on behalf of the capital and the citadel of Italy, Rome

caput , itis, n.: the head of men or animals, freq.; (by synecdoche), the person, being, life, 2.751, et al.; living body, life, 4.699; personal interest, welfare, fortune, life, 4.354; of plants, the head or flower, 9.437; of other objects, a captain, leader, chief, 11.399, et al.; author, instigator, source, cause, 11.361; chief town, capital, sovereign city, 10.203; a peak or summit, 6.360; point, end, of a bow, 11.861; of rivers, etc., fountain-head, source, spring; pl., capita, in enumerating animals, head, 3.391; in caput, headlong, 1.116; suprā caput, overhead, above, 3.194; hōc caput, this person, myself, me, 8.570.

căpŭt (kăp-căpud), ĭtis (abl. sing. regularly capite: capiti, Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. κεφ-αλή; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].

• I The head, of men and animals: oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum, Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6: tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume? Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34 (305); so, cano capite, id. As. 5, 2, 84 (934); id. Cas. 3, 1, 4 (518); Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and: capitis nives, Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.: raso capite calvus, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306 (458): irraso, id. Rud. 5, 2, 16 (1303): intonsum, Quint. 12, 10, 47: amputare alicui, Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9: capite operto, Cic. Sen. 10, 34: obvoluto, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz: caput aperire, id. ib.: abscindere cervicibus, id. ib. 11, 2, 5: demittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503: extollere, to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one’s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
• • • • b Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one’s head, i.e. to be at one’s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7: ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque, over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9: nec caput nec pedes, neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 (729) sq.—
      • c Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse-side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
      • d Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
      • e Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    • 2 Transf., of inanimate things.
    • • a In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end): ulpici, Cato R. R. 71: allii, Col. 6, 34, 1: porri, id. 11, 3, 17: papaveris, Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437: bulborum, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94: caulis, id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.: jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris), Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.: extorum, Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5: tignorum, Caes. B. C. 2, 9: columnae, Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13: molis, the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23: xysti, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20: porticus, id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
      • b Esp., of rivers,
      • • α The origin, source, spring (head): caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur, Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6: fontium, Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
        • β (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
      • c Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato R. R. 36; 43; 51: vitis, id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
      • d Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.—Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
      • e Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
      • f Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9; hence, facere, to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
• II Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. κάρα, κεφαλή, , in the same signif.; v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54 (210); id. Pers. 1, 1, 37 (37): hoc conruptum'st caput, id. Ep. 1, 1, 85 (85): siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego, id. Ps. 2, 4, 33 (726); so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10 (751); cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25 (946): ridiculum caput! Ter. And. 371: festivum, id. Ad. 261: lepidum, id. ib. 966: carum, Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2: liberum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79: vilia, Liv. 25, 6, 9: viliora, id. 9, 26, 22: vilissima, id. 24, 5, 13: ignota, id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6: liberorum servorumque, id. 29, 29, 3 al.—In imprecations: istic capiti dicito, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47 (885); cf.: vae capiti tuo, id. Most. 4, 3, 10 (1002); so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32 (646); Ter. Phorm. 490; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals: capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII., souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15: quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia, Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also , for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.: in singulos, id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax: exactio capitum, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so, capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals, Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
• III Trop.
• • • 1 Life, and specif.,
    • • a Physical life: carum, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 (227) sq.; 5, 1, 26 (947): si capitis res siet, if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120 (962): capitis periculum adire, to risk one’s life, Ter. And. 677; id. Hec. 334; cf. id. Phorm. 490 Runnk.: capitis poena, capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71: pactum pro capite pretium, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107: cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae, id. ib. 1, 12, 38: cum dimicatione capitis, id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.: suo capite decernere, id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5: caput offerre pro patriā, Cic. Sull. 30, 84: patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem, Ov. M. 8, 94; so, capitis accusare, to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.: absolvere, id. Milt. 7, 6: damnare, id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1: tergo ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55, 14: caput Jovi sacrum, id. 3, 55, 7: sacratum, id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
      • b Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem; cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat, Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15: capitis minor, Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit, Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    • 2 The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).
    • • • α With gen.: scelerum, an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19 (234); id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31 (829); id. Mil. 2, 6, 14 (494); id. Ps. 1, 5, 31 (445); 4, 5, 3 (1054); id. Rud. 4, 4, 54 (1098): perjuri, id. ib. 4, 4, 55 (1099): concitandorum Graecorum, Cic. Fl. 18, 42: consilil, Liv. 8, 31, 7: conjurationis, id. 9, 26, 7: caput rei Romanae Camillus, id. 6, 3, 1; cf.: caput rerum Masinissam fuisse, id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13: reipublicae, Tac. A. 1, 13: nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4: belli, id. 45, 7, 3: Suevorum, chief tribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.: capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi, Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
        • β With esse and dat.: ego caput fui argento reperiundo, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138 (728); cf.: illic est huic rei caput, author, contriver, Ter. And. 458; so id. Ad. 568 al.—
        • γ Absol.: urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate, Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42: corpori valido caput deerat, guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5: esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat, id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.; thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae, head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.: pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā, Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.: Romam caput Latio esse, id. 8, 4, 5; and: brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore, id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr.—Of other localities: castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat, the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things: jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat, the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25: patrimonii publici, id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132: caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem, id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam; ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis, id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87: litterarum, summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77: caput Epicuri, the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.: a primo capite legis usque ad extremum, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32: id quod caput est, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors; opp. usurae), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

caput (kaput), pitis, n. (vgl. got. haubith, Haupt, Kopf u. viell. altind. *kaput in kapucchalam, Haar am Hinterkopf), das Haupt, der Kopf, I) eig. u. meton.: A) v. leb. Wesen: 1) der Menschen, a) eig.: α) übh. (Ggstz. vestigium): caput hominis, aegri, Cels.: capite aperto, Plaut.: capite operto, obvoluto, involuto, Cic.: capite demisso, Caes.: porcus cum capite humano natus, Liv. – caput adaperire, Sen.: caput aperire, operire, Cic.: caput velare, Liv., revelare, Arnob.: caput operire togā, Petr.: caput obvolvere, Cic.: caput obvolvere togā, Suet.: caput attollere, Ov.: caput ferire (sich vor den K. schlagen), femina plangere, Cic. fr.: c. perfricare, Cic.: c. alci auferre, abscīdere, praecīdere, percutere, Liv.: caput illidere foribus, Suet.: caput impingere parieti, Plin. ep.: capita conferre (zusammenstecken, bei geheimer Unterredung), Liv.: circum saucios milites inserere in tentoria caput, Liv.: sed corpori valido caput deerat (im Bilde), Liv. – Besondere Verbindungen, ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque (über Hals und Kopf), Catull. 17, 9. – capita aut navia u. caput aut navim, »Kopf oder Wappen«, ein Spiel, in dem ein Geldstück in die Höhe geworfen und dann gesehen wird, ob die Bildseite (der Götterkopf) oder die Wappenseite (das Schiff) nach oben gefallen ist, Macr. sat. 1, 7, 22. Aur. Vict. orig. gent. Rom. 3, 5. Paul. Nol. adv. paganos 75 extr. – nec caput nec pedes (habere), sprichw., von Geschäften usw., bei denen man nicht weiß, wo man anfangen, wo man aufhören soll, M'. Curius in Cic. ep. 7, 31, 2. Liv. epit. 50; vgl. Plaut. asin. 729: ut nec pes nec caput uni reddatur formae, eine bestimmte Gestalt gegeben werde der einen Idee, Hor. de art. poët. 8. – supra caput esse, sowohl = (als gefährlich, drohend) im Nacken sein, sitzen, v. Feinde, Sall. u. Liv., als auch = (als belästigend) auf dem Halse liegen, v. einer Person, Cic., v. Alter, Sen.: ebenso als gefährl. super caput esse, v. Feinde, Tac.: u. in capite atque in cervicibus nostris restitisse, drohend über unserem Haupte u. Nacken zurückgeblieben sein (v. Pers.), Cic. Vgl. Kritz u. Fabri Sall. Cat. 52, 24. Drak. Liv. 3, 27, 2; 21, 33, 2. – caput movere, das Haupt hin u. her neigen (als Gebärde des Hohns, der Schadenfreude), Vulg. Sirach 12, 19 u. 13, 8. – caput extollere, sein Haupt erheben (als Zeichen der Hoffnung auf Besserung und Erlösung), Cic. Planc. 33: ebenso caput erigere in libertatem, Augustin. de civ. dei 5, 22. – in caput alcis recidere, auf jmds. Haupt zurückfallen, Aetolorum prava consilia atque in ipsorum caput semper recidentia, Liv. 36, 29, 8. – β) der Kopf als Sitz des Verstandes, der Einsicht, incolumi capite es? Hor.: aliena negotia centum per caput saliunt, gehen mir durch den Kopf, Hor. – b) meton.: α)Mensch, Person, αα) übh. (s. Lorenz Plaut. most. 202. Brix Plaut. capt. 943), hoc c., ich, Plaut.: propter meum caput, um meiner Person willen, Plaut.: o lepidum caput! Plaut.: c. ridiculum, festivum, närrischer, drolliger Kauz, Ter.: c. liberum, Cic.: libera servaque capita, Liv.: ignota capita, Liv.: c. noxium, innoxium, Liv.: carum caput (wie φίλη, ἠθείη κεφαλή), Verg. u. Hor. – beim Ausruf u. bei Verwünschungen, at vos, devota capita, Iustin.: nefandissimum caput, Iustin.: vae capiti tuo! Plaut. – ββ) beim Zählen, Schätzen oder beim Verteilen, Kopf, Mann, Person, capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLX III, Caes.: cum hostium numerus capitum CCCCXXX milium fuisset, Caes.: in capita describere, Cic.: exactio capitum, Kopfgeld, Personensteuer, Cic.: dah. capite censi, s. 1. cēnseo. – γγ) bei Verwünschungen, quod illorum capiti sit, was auf ihr Haupt falle, Cael. in Cic. ep.: di capiti ipsius reservent, Verg.: sacrare alcis caput, Liv. – β) der Kopf als Hauptträger des menschlichen Daseins, das Leben, die Existenz, αα) das physische Leben, coniuratio in tyranni caput facta, Liv.: capitis periculum od. dimicatio, Lebensgefahr, Ter. u. Cic.: in caput vertit, traf das Leben, beschleunigte seinen Tod, Liv.: capite suo decernere, dimicare, Cic. u. Liv.: capite luere, Liv. – suum caput pro salute rei publicae vovere, Cic. – ββ) die bürgerliche Existenz, nach römischem Sinne der Inbegriff aller Freiheits-, Bürger- u. Familienrechte, causa capitis, Cic.: iudicium capitis, Cic.: capitis accusare, Cic.: capitis anquirere, Liv.: capitis damnare, condemnare, Cic.: capite damnari, Cic.: capitis absolvere, Nep.: pro capite dicere, Cic.: causam capitis dicere, Nep.: poenam capitis constituere, Cic.: agitur caput alcis, Cic.: capitis minor, ein bürgerlich Toter, Hor.: u. capite deminui od. se deminuere, s. dē-minuo: u. capitis deminutio, s. dēminūtio: ebenso capite minui, s. minuo, capitis minutio, s. minūtio.

2) der Tiere, a) eig.: c. iumenti, Nep.: c. equinum, Plin.: c. elephantinum, Val. Max.: c. simininum, Iul. Obsequ.: trium capitum canis, Mythogr. Lat.: hydra multa capita habens, Sen.: belua multorum es capitum, Hor. – dah. ad capita bubula, »bei den Ochsenköpfen«, ein Ort in Rom, wo O. in Stein eingehauen waren, Suet. Aug. 5. – b) meton. = das ganze Tier, ein Stück, bina boum capita, Verg.: grex XXV capitum, Col.: triginta capitum fetus, Verg.

B) von Lebl., der Kopf, die Spitze, Kuppe, das Oberste, Äußerste (Anfang oder Ende), papaveris, Mohnkopf, Liv.: tignorum, Caes.: trabis, Veget. mil.: pontis, Brückenkopf, Planc. in Cic. ep.: iecinoris, Cic.: columnae, Kapitäl, Plin.: fistulae, Vorderende, Mündung, Liv.: alii, Bolle, Cato u. Plin.: capita vitis, Wurzeln, Cato u. Plin., od. die Ranken, Col. u. Cic.: capita loramentorum, die Enden, Iustin.: arcus, die Enden, Verg.: vectis, der lange Teil, Liv.: c. machinae, quae graece κανὼν μουσικός appellatur, die Kanzelle an der Wasserorgel, Vitr.: perangusta capita (mitellae), die ganz schmalen Enden der chirurg. Armbinde (Ggstz. latitudo, der breite Teil), Cels.: c. fasciae, habenae, lini, Cels.: uti aequalia duo capita (Enden des Seiles) sint, funis cum erit extensus, Vitr.: si nusquam caput (eine Geschwulst, Beule) se ostendit, Cels.: caput facere (v. Beulen usw.), hoch aufschwellen, Plin. – von Örtl., c. silvae, Wipfel, Sen. poët.: capita aspera montis, äußerste Spitze, Verg.: in capite Bithyniae, am äußersten Punkte (Ein- u. Ausgang), Plin. ep. – v. Gewässern, sowohl der Ursprung, die Quelle, Enipei, Verg.: Rheni, Mela: amnis, Verg.: fontis, Hirt. b. G., Vitr. u.a.: als die Mündung, der Ausfluß (aber seltener), capita Rheni, Caes.: u. so Rheni c., Hor. u. Lucan.: im Bilde, die Quelle, der Ursitz, die Urquelle, der Ausgangspunkt, die Grundlage, der allgemeine Gesichtspunkt (die Kategorie), quo invento ab eo quasi capite disputatio ducitur, Cic.: nonne his vestigiis ad caput maleficii perveniri solet? Cic.: si quid (ein Gerücht) sine capite manabit, ohne sichere Quelle, Cic.: nos de Dolabella cotidie, quae volumus, audimus: sed adhuc sine capite (ohne Quelle), sine auctore (unverbürgt), rumore nuntio, Cic. ep.: aperiamus autem capita, unde etc., Cic. – u. so oft verb. mit fons, zB. ille fons et caput (ihr Urheber u. Stifter) Socrates, Cic.: in ea (sc. in aegritudine) est fons miseriarum et caput, die Quelle u. Grundursache, Cic. – u. der Anfang, cuncta igitur a capite (von Anfang an) proposito ordine persequamur, Pacat. pan. 4, 1.

II) übtr., was in irgend etw. das Erste, Vorzüglichste ist, 1) v. Pers., das Haupt, die Hauptperson, der Stimmführer, Hauptanstifter, rei publicae, die Hauptperson im Staate, Tac.: c. scelerum, Erzhalunke, periuri caput, der ganz verlogene Kerl, Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 494): illic est huic rei caput, Ter.: c. omnium Graecorum concitandorum, Cic.: capita coniurationis, Liv.: capita Latini nominis, Liv.: caput rerum Masinissam fuisse, Liv.: statim et seditio crevit, ut caput et consilium (ein beratendes Haupt) habere coepit, Iustin. – 2) v. Lebl., a) im allg., das Haupt, die Hauptsache, cenae, das vorzüglichste Gericht, Hauptgericht, Cic.: patrimonii, das vorzüglichste Stück, Liv.: litterarum, Hauptinhalt, Hauptpunkt, Cic.: rerum, Hauptpunkt, Cic.: caput est, ist der Hauptpunkt, Cic.: c. Epicuri, Hauptgrundsatz, Cic.: c. civilis prudentiae, oberstes Prinzip, Cic. – b) in Gesetzen u. Schriften, der Hauptsatz, Hauptabschnitt, Paragraph, das Kapitel, legis, Cic.: epistulae, Cic.: unius capitis lectio (Lektüre), Treb. Poll.: quae scripserimus in summas sive in commentarium et capita conferre, Quint. – u. ein Absatz, Abschnitt in Urkunden, Corp. inscr. Lat. 11, 3614 (Decr. decur. Caerel. 15). Gromat. vet. p. 263 sq. – c) v. Geld u. Geldeswert, die Hauptsumme, der Stock, das Kapital (Ggstz. usurae), de capite deducite, quod usuris pernumeratum est, Liv.: quinas hic capiti mercedes exsecat, Hor. – de capite ipso demere, die Pachtsumme kürzen, Cic.: de capite quantum commodum fuit frumenti detraxit, Cic. – de illo Tulliano capite (Schuld) libere cum Cascellio loquare, Cic. – d) v. Örtl., der vornehmste Ort, die vornehmste Stadt, die Hauptstadt, der Hauptsitz, Thebae c. totius Graeciae, Nep.: Roma, c. orbis terrarum, Liv.: Persepolis, c. regni, Plin.: c. gentis Artaxata, Tac.: c. belli, Liv. – ➳ Abl. auch capiti, Catull. 68, 124. Amm. 18, 5. – In Inschrn. auch kaput od. bl. k. geschr., zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 14, 2112. Gromat. vet. p. 263 sq.: u. capud, Corp. inscr. Lat. 7, 897.

1 caput v. capito

2 caput [CL] 1 head (human); b (phr.). c (w. tollere or sim.) to lift one’s head (fig.). d image of head. e death’s head. f head (or image) used in sorcery or sim.. capud Carm. Aldh. 5. 27 (v. candescere a); sensit dimi diam corporis sui partem a ~ite usque ad pedes paralysis labore depressam Bede HE IV 29; gaudebatque suo capiti portare coronam Æthelwulf Abb. 67; surrexit et ad altare tetendit ‥ erecto ~ite Brakelond 127; 1235 cooperuit ~ud suum quodam barhudo CurR XV 1438; 1279 ad decollandum quendam J. probatorem ‥, cujus ~ud reportatum ‥ et ‥ suspensum fuit ad furcas ‥ comitis AssizeR Northumb 372; fecit eum ‥ proici in profundum ‥ ~ite suo precedente State Tri. Ed. I 51; ~ud commovet [ME: heo ‥ schekeð pet heaved] AncrR 88; s1381 ~ut archiepiscopi ‥ super pontem Londoniarum ‥ pro ludibrio affixerunt V. Ric. II 27.  b “per ~ut meum vobis assero quod hinc non egrediemini” Ord. Vit. XIII 8 p. 16 (cf. M. Par. Maj. V 451: respondit [Henricus III] ‥: “O pro ~ite Dei!” ut utar verbis suis consuetis); s1178 eos plane in ~ut suum mentitos fuisse manifestius convicerunt G. Hen. II I 201; s1397 comes respondit: ‥ “tu mentiris in ~ud tuum” V. Ric. II 138; s1325 cujus transitus in ~ut ipsorum ‥ redundavit Ad. Mur. 44; convertetur dolor ejus in ~ut ejus G. Hen. V 14 (v. comparabiliter).  c dum caput ex Herebo nigrantis filia Noctis / tollit Aldh. VirgV 2637; decimum Capricorni [signum] ab ea [parte] quam in medio Decembri sol inhabitat ‥ ~ut attollit Bede TR 16; inter nobiles orbis urbes ‥ civitas Londonie ‥ una est que ‥ ~ut altius extollit W. Fitzst. Thom. prol. 2; serpens ille tabidus ‥ manifeste exserit ~ut H. Bos. Thom. III 31.  d 1315 lapis ‥ oblongus cum cornelino et ~ite hominis (Invent.) Hist. Cath. Cant. xiv; 1393 unum corium de cervo cum ~ite domicelle Pl. Mem. Lond. III 213; 1411 duo anuli cum ~itibus de lapide Israel Lit. Cant. III 113.  e 1549 una capella pro servicio defunctorum ‥ cum ‥ paramentis ‥ et amictis ‥ nigri coloris signata ~itibus mortuorum Reg. Aberd. II 190.  f [Gerbertum] fudisse sibi statue ~ut ‥ quod ‥ interrogatum loqueretur W. Malm. GR II 172; vultus ~itis abscisi discooperiatur et convertetur versus inimicum tuum G. Ric. I 196; tale ~ut [Veneris aut Saturni] debite consecratum multum divinius idolo videtur. ~ut namque hujusmodi plurimi spiritus incolere perhibentur; idolum vero unus Bradw. CD 17C; s1312 [Templarii] habent ~ut cujusdam Sarraceni penes se, qui quondam, ut credunt, fuit magister ordinis eorum et istos nefarios ritus induxit Meaux II 249; 1371 ~ud illud fuit ~ud cujusdam Sarasini et ‥ ipse ~ud predictum in Tolet in quadam civitate in Ispannia emit causa includendi in eo quendam spiritum, ut idem spiritus ad interrogata responderet CoramR 443 rex 23. 2 head as seat of intelligence, will, etc.. b (w. ex) on initiative or account. c (vir sui capitis) man acting on own account. in ~ite omnes sensus apparent, unde et ipsius anime, que consistit corpori, quodammodo personam gerit Bart. Angl. V 2; 1336 membra ~iti naturaliter coaptantur, ut ~ud dirigat sua membra Lit. Cant. II 138; nec crederem ~iti meo de exposicione sensus litteralis ejus scripture nisi ‥ Wycl. Incarn. 65.  b s1314 rex ‥ absque consensu ‥ magnatum, ex proprio ~ite et fautorum suorum instinctu ‥ misit brevia Meaux II 330; 1333 scribens testamentum dicte A. ex proprio ~ite scripsit ‥ Reg. Roff. Ep. f. 180; s1340 quia illud voluntarie et ex ~ite quodam colore iracundie factum fuerat ‥ liberati fuerunt Ad. Mur. 117; 1342 hoc non ut de mandato nostro set ex proprio ~ite fac[iatis] RScot 623a; 1349 [hoc] non ex ~ite meo nec ad vindictam aliquam sed ex ordinacione communi ‥ processit Lit. Cant. II 293; c1400 ex suo ~ite mittet, non ex meo Wyche Ep. 543; s1397 circumvallantes domum parliementi in medio paviamenti palacii ex hoc ~ite tantum †factum [? l. factam] Ad. Usk 11.  c 1456 tu vero solus, tamquam vir tui ~itis, ea admittere noluisti Bekynton II 160. 3 life. ~ite absoluto, ~itis periculo liberatus et †obsolutus GlC C 216; non sit alia emendatio nisi ~ud [AS: pæt heafod] (Quad.) GAS 219; s1257 rem agi sciatis pro ~ite M. Par. Maj. V 646. 4 individual, person, personal assessment. ~ite census, solum ~ut suum deducit ad censum, honorem vel ad divitias GlC C 217 (cf. ib. 171); modo [burgenses] non reddunt consuetudinem nisi de suis ~itibus DB II 106b (cf. ib.: tunc reddebant consuetudinem regis; modo reddunt nisi ~ut hominis); pauperes burgenses qui non possunt reddere ad geltum regis nisi j d. de suis ~itibus DB II 290; burgenses ‥ conquirant illum malefactorem, vivum vel mortuum, ‥ ~ut pro ~ite [AS: heafod wið heafde] (Quad.) GAS 224; s1086 W. Malm. GR III 258 (v. census 1b); s1213 tutor habet potestatem in ~ite libero ‥ ut patrimonium ejus conservet Chr. Evesham 232; 1231 non tallietur in tota vita sua ‥ nisi ‥ per ~ita speciale fecerimus assideri tallagium Pat 453; si ‥ chevagium solverint, quod dicitur recognitio in signum subjectionis et dominii de ~ite suo Bracton 6b; 1252 (v. cotlandarius); 1276 (v. cursus 4a); s1377 (v. census 2a); s1380 tributum in ~ita hominum ‥ impositum est P. Verg. XX 402. 5 head of animal; b (in nickname); c (fig.). d (w. lupinum) ‘wolf’s head’ (fig., of outlaw). e (w. draconis) ascending node of lunar orbit w. ecliptic. f (w. porci) hogshead, liquid measure. me caput horrentis fertur genuisse draconis Aldh. Aen. 24 (Dracontia) 1; equus ‥ ~ut in terram declinare ‥ coepit Bede HE III 9; Neckam DS III 641 (v. capito); 1272 occiderunt ‥ j damam, cujus capud ‥ Simon ‥ abcidit et super pelum posuit SelPlForest 39; 1368 amitum ‥ poudratum cum ~itibus capri Invent. Norw. 12; monstrum ‥ habens ~ut asininum, caudam equinam, pectus leoninum Wycl. Incarn. 65.  b Radulfi ‥ qui pro magnitudine ~itis ‥ jocose cognominatus est ~ut Asini Ord. Vit. VIII 10.  c c794 mirum animal [sc. pecten] duo habens ~ita et dentes lx Alcuin Ep. 26; s1251 amputato uno ~ite, instar Hydre ‥ multa ~ita succreverunt M. Par. Maj. V 200.  d utlagabit eum rex, et, si postea repertus fuerit ‥, regi reddetur vel ~ut ipsius, si sese defenderit. lupinum enim gerit ~ut a die utlagationis sue, quod ab Anglis uulfesheved nominatur (Leg. Ed.) GAS 631; 1202 ex quo H. noluit comparere ad pacem regis gereret lupinum ~ud SelPlCrown 23; forisfacit utlagatus omnia que pacis sunt, quia a tempore quo utlagatus est ~ut lupinum, ita quod ab omnibus interfici poterit et impune Bracton 128b.  e scire in quibus signis ‥ sibi opponi debeant sol et luna, ~ut et cauda draconis (Walcher Drac.) Med. Sci. 116; s1133 asserunt quidam eclvpsim solis factam fuisse. quod si verum est, tunc sol erat in ~ite draconis et luna in cauda, vel sol in cauda et luna in ~ite J. Worc. 37; equatum motum mediumque, caputque draconis / cum cauda Neckam DS I 281.  f 1407 pro duabus [sic] ~itibus porcorum [vini] Cal. Pl. Mem. Lond. III 285; 1417 tempore inquisicionis capte ‥ de et super vinis ‥ reperiebantur lxxiiij tonelli, una pipa et ~ud porci sub ‥ marqua predicta Cl 267 m. 14. 6 (bot): a (?) snapdragon (Antirrhinum). b dandelion (Taraxacum). a canis ~ut, hundes heavod Gl. Durh.; ~ud leonis florem habet indum formatum ad modum ~itis leonis Alph. 30.  b den[s] leonis, ~ud monachi idem, cui folium lactessit in fraccione; G. dent de lion, A. doleroune Alph. 49. 7 ‘head’ of cattle or sim., individual animal. c1230 assignata fuerunt unicuique bovate terre xv ~ita, viz. tam boum quam equorum Meaux I 414; 1251 recipit vicarius ‥ pro singulis ~itibus junctis ‥ in carucis ‥ j panem Cart. Rams. I 282; 1372 (v. caseator); 1420 j ferculum de carnibus, j ~ut de pullaille (RNorm) Foed. IX 873a. 8 flower-head. b ear of corn. c clove of garlic (25 to the ‘glean’). Cf. capitalis 4e, capitellum 2, capitulum 1, conspicamen. Bart. Angl. XVII 41 (v. 1 crocus 1a); nimphea ‥ alcius super aquam proferens ~ud, multa infra aquam ~ita habens Alph. 126.  b far ‥ fit de quolibet grano panifico, si solum retundetur [sic] exesis ~itibus et decorticetur Alph. 62.  c rasus alleorum continet xx †flones [l. glones] et quelibet †flonis [l. glonis] xxv ~ita Fleta 74 (cf. Eng. Weights 10: le rees allium continet xv †gloues[l. glones], et quelibet †gloue[l. glone] ex xxv capitibus). 9 a headpiece (of armour). b hood; cf. caputium. c head of hair, wig. a 1368 lego ij paltokes ‥ fratri meo, cum ~ite et cirotecis ferreis Test. Karl. 87.  b 1413 j tunica de russet cum ~ite colorato CourtR Nursling (Mun. Herriard Park) .  c 1589 pro vij ~itibus de crine pro factura les attires Ac. LChamb. 80 f. 20. 10 a measure of cloth. b measure of figs. Cf. It. capo. a 1223 ix s. quos posuit ‥ in uno ~ite de cendal de Lukes ‥ et iiij s. quos posuit ‥ in quodam alio ~ite de cendal de Melan Cl 555b; 1224 xxviij s. ‥ in iiij ~itibus cendal’ ad penecellos faciendos Ib. 634a; 1230 pro iiij ~itibus fustanei rubei [ad papillionem regis] xij s. et vj d. Pipe 97; 1243 de duodena ~itum de cendallo Pat 53 m. 10; 1284 de qualibet duodena ~itum sindonis venalis, ij d. Pat 103 m. 7.  b 1447 solutum pro ij ~itibus ficuum emptis pro expensis conventus, viij s. Comp. Custod. Convent. Pershore. 11 top, summit. b cape or peak. c ‘chief’ (her.), upper part of shield. d zenith. e head, (heading of) section or chapter. Bede Templ. 781 (v. 1 capitellum 1a); lignum quod ultra campane ~ut protenditur Beleth RDO 24. 36; 1257 vexillum ‥ cum ~ite de quodam baudekino Cl 68; 1291 pro factura imaginum ad crucem virge, ~itis et anuli Manners 120; [novicii] ducantur in capitulo ‥ et facient inclinacionem ad ~ita petrarum Cust. Cant. 6; 1335 Ricardo le Coupere ‥ pro ~itibus ‥ doleorum infra ponendis, capiendo pro ~ite j d. KR Ac 19/3 m. 8; ~ut et pes sex linearum sequencium declarant naturam signorum (Elveden Cal.) SB 5; SB 9 (v. acrochordon); 1404 j baculus pastoralis cum ~ite eburneo Ac. Durh. 395; 1521 ij vela pendencia in ~itibus altaris Fabr. York 276.  b s1190 jam navis ‥ preterierat portum Ulixisbone et ~ut S. Vincentii G. Ric. I 117; inde transivit per montem valde excelsum qui ~ut dicitur Turkie Ib. 197.  c Bad. Aur. 198 (v. capitare 1c); portat de argento et ~ut scuti de azorio Upton 229.  d sol medium teneat punctum, quod dicere cenith / novit Arabs, novit lingua Latina ‘caput’ Neckam DS I 632; voco zenith ~itis extremitatem linee recte ducte a centro terre per ~ut hominis usque ad firmamentum Gros. 16.  e 1297 de redditibus ‥ alienatis ‥ non fiat mencio decetero in rotulis, set deleantur omnino tam de ~ite redditus quam de decasu Ac. Cornw I 54; 1380 fratribus pro oblacionibus suis de v terminis, ut patet per ~ita Ac. Durh. 422. 12 tip, extremity; b (of bodily organ, bone or sim.). c head (of arrow or sim); d (of gun). e ‘head’, share-beam (of plough). f head (of drum in clockwork). tabularum extrema non ex aliquo sago mediato [cf. Exod. xxvi 12] sed ex sagorum potius ~itibus ‥ cooperta fuerunt Ad. Scot TT 653b; mulier ‥ cruci duas candelas affixerat, quatuor ~itibus accensas W. Cant. Mir. Thom. III 57 (cf. ib. VI 160: digitus incurvus suum ~ut erexit); Gerv. Cant. I 13 (v. 1 capitellum 1a); 1221 posuit ~ud fili foris ad hostium, et tunc venit W. et traxit filum PlCrGlouc 60.  b [cor] ~ite deorsum, radice superius conversa, ‥ dependet Alf. Angl. Cor 4. 1; sunt eorum ligamenta ossa cartilaginosa que vocantur spatularum ~ita Bart. Angl. V 26; concavitas apud ~ut humeri Gad. 128v. 1; homospalta est spacium ab humero usque ad ~ut spine superioris SB 24.  c 1295 empcio ~itum factorum pro quarellis ‥; pro mmviijc consimilium ~itum [RGasc III cxlix: †capit[ensium] ‥ †capten[sium]] KR Ac 5/15; 1315 ~ut illius sagitte fuit de ferro de longitudine sex pollicum hominis et grossitudine prope illam sagittam ij pollicum hominis CoramR 220 r. 105d.; 1333 xij ~ita sagittarum precii vj d. AncExt 52 m. 5; 1386 in ‥ ij ~itibus pro launciis Ac. Durh. 391.  d 1384 j canonem grossum vocatum gunnum cum ij ~itibus in j trunco (KR Ac 400/23) EHR XXVI 699.  e a1320 in ‥ iiij clutis ponendis sub ~itibus carucarum MinAc 995/14 r. 2; 1341 in uno brodreste cum j ~ite ad carucam cum posicione ejusdem super carucam MinAc 1120/11 r. 14.  f Wallingf. (Horol.) I 474 (v. caliga 2). 13 head, end (arch. or sim): a (of bed); b (of tomb or shrine); c (of church or chapel); d (of other building); e (of bridge). f (w. anguli) ‘head of the corner’ (cf.Matth. xxi 42etc.). a 1386 xij lectos cum tapetibus ad ~ut FormA 427.  b 1298 hostia ferrea ante altare ad ~ut feretri S. Thome Reg. Cant. 823; 1383 pro vestimento empto ad altare ad ~ut S. Cuthberti Ac. Durh. 424.  c quia ‥ ecclesia parvum ~ut, vulgo le chevet, habere videbatur, ‥ augmentare studuit ‥ ~ut M. Crispin Lanfr. 58A; hic murus chorum circuiens in circinatione illa pilariorum in ~ite ecclesie in unum conveniebat Gerv. Cant. I 12; s1272 synodum tenuerunt in occidentali ~ite ecclesie[Norwici], ubi solebant tenere eam Flor. Hist. III 26; 1352 parietem dicte ecclesie cathedralis eidem capelle in ~ite videlicet occidentali ejusdem contiguam Fabr. York 170; 1431 ad faciendum ‥ j fenestram in ~ite orientali capelle Reg. Cant. II 447; 1502 de camera superiori ad ~ud capelle Cant. Coll. Ox. II 233.  d 1241 amoveri facias stabulum et poni juxta novum murum, ita quod j ~ut sit a porta versus austrum Liberate 15 m. 8; 1301 exivit a camera sua ‥ ad ~ud boreale magnarum scolarum DocCOx 163; 1307 cum ‥ concesserit ‥ j placeam in ~ite australi domus pressorii ‥ ad quandam cameram ‥ construendam (Anc. Ext.) DocExch 143; 1451 ad construendum ‥ j furnum vel ovene apud ~ut hospicii vulgariter nuncupati The Kyngys Hede MunAcOx 615.  e †1067 (1334) de j hwearfo quod est ad applicationem navium ad ~ud pontis [Westmonasterii] CalCh IV 333; cum [pater] pervenisset ad ~ut ligni per quod [aquam] transibat, erectum est alterum ~ut ligni, in quo jam filius transibat W. Cant. Mir. Thom. VI 106.  f c1320 quem lapidem pollitum et quadratum ‥ Cantuariensis ecclesia ‥ subtraxit et factum archiepiscopum in ~ite anguli spiritualis illius fabrice collocavit FormOx 59; s1452 quomodo lapis ille, quem nuper reprobaverunt edificantes, ‥ sit reductus effectusque in ~ut anguli Reg. Whet. I 20. 14 head, end (topog): a (of stretch of water; v. et. 15 infra); b (of stretch of land); c (of hedge); d (of road); e (fig); f (of town); g (in surname). h headland (in open field). a fluvius Uantsumu ‥ utrumque ~ut protendit in mare Bede HE I 25; c1022 in hujus [aquae] ~ite, id est in fine stagni, est unum piscarium CD 733; 1202 (v. brecca a).  b c1175 a ‥ nemore usque ad aliud ~ud crofte FormA 46; Hibernia ‥ circa ~ita in amplitudinem dilatata Gir. TH I 3; a1200 partem que est ‥ ~ud tofti Deeds Newcastle 40; c1270 cum ‥ medietate ~itis ejusdem bosci Dryburgh 97; 1485 terram ‥ unde j ~ut abuttat super terram ‥ W. F. et aliud ~ut inde abuttat super terram ‥ J. F. (Deed) EHR III 319.  c 1224 quedam haia communis fuit inter eos, ita quod H. habuit haiam illam ad j ~ud et G. ad aliud CurR XI 1830.  d 1266 ad ~ud magni vici de Aldredesgate Cl 183; 1275 (v. bucheria).  e c1319 paterne caritatis solicitudinem, ‥ quam ‥ conspeximus in duarum viarum proposicione veluti in bivii ~ite †redidisse [? l. residisse], postea sumpta via compendii ‥ sensimus ad nos propius accessisse FormOx 52.  f c1260 ad ~ut orientale ejusdem ville (Morpeth) BBC 48; 1276 duo tofta ad ~ud ville de Esseburn’ versus Underwode Hund. I 61.  g 1221 Jacobus ad Capud Ville de Sanford SelPlCrown 115; 1287 Ricardus ad Capud Ville de eadem [sc. de Edenstowe] SelPlForest 62.  h c1194 dedi ‥ ~ut unius acre quod extat inter duas vias Ch. Sal. 54; 12‥ deforciaverat super nos quibusdam pratis ‥ que ad prefatam medietatem terre tanquam ~ita culturarum nostrarum pertinebant, ‥ que prata ‥ continent in universo, secundum quantitatem sex culturarum ad minus septem acras Meaux II 8; 1281 S. habebit ~ita ad predictas culturas pertinencia seminata ‥; et ‥ comunia pasture in dictis ~itibus ‥ post fenum levatum ‥ et ‥ comunia pasture ~itum in varecto remaneant ‥ libere tenentibus ‥; et ‥ S. et heredes sui falcabunt tot ~ita selionum quod seminant AncD A 11479 ii (cf. ib. A 11479 i: une coture en les chauns ‥ of les cheves apurtenans ‥); c1300 eundo per ~ita segetum suarum prout boves moventur in carucis Reg. Aberbr. I 165; 1306 pasturam quam habet in quibusdam ~itibus et divisis terrarum Pat 127 m. 17; 1309 in ~itibus contra Wynemannesforlonge Reg. Malm. II 408. 15 a mill-head, dam, sluice. b fountain-head, spring, source (of conduit). c headwater, source (of river). d source (fig.). a 1268 quercus ad domos ‥ et ~ut vivarii regis ‥ et bayum ‥ reparanda Cl 482; 1269 quercus et subboscum ad ‥ ~ud stagni regis ‥ perficiendam (sic) Cl 63; 1325 in stipendio iiij hominum ‥ ad rudendum et rammandum circa ~ud molendini ‥ et cursum aque emendencium Ac. Man. Cant. (Merstham) ; 1331 debent facere ~ut stanni, quod wlgaliter escluse nuncupatur, pro conservando aquam pro ‥ molendino (KR Ac 89/15) S. Jers. I 8; 1361 ~ita dictorum puteorum sive stagnorum quociens necesse fuerit frangere et prosternere et puteos sive stagna illa desiccare et, ‥ cum mundata fuerint, ~ita predicta obstruere et reficere Pat 263 m. 19; s1376 ~ita vivariorum et stagnorum frangentes, aquas fecerunt excurrere Chr. Angl. 394; 1383 in mosso colligendo pro lecto molar’ et capit’ stagnorum ‥ molendini in eo cubandis MinAc 1209/15 m. 8 sched. 2; 1497 [que terra est] attachiamentum fossati defensorii sive ~itis stagni vocati a were CatAncD VI C3968.  b 1336 in mundacione ~itis fontis abbathie Ac. Durh. 529; 1376 in filo canobi empto cum j sera empta pro ~ite aqueductus Ib. 583; 1355 concedere possint ‥ j pipam plumbeam subterraneam, que sit in ~ite rivi aqueductus Pat 245 m. 24; 1433 quod ipsi ~ut aqueductus ‥ cum rivis ac aliis aquarum saltibus sive fontibus ‥ ad dictum ~ut vel fistulas ejusdem descendentibus ‥ perscrutari ac aquas ‥ colligere et ad ~ut seu fistulas predictas deducere ‥ possint Pat 434 m. 3; 1443 (v. 2 algea c).  c 1394 habuerunt ‥ scrutacionem ‥ et emendacionem aque de Derwent ‥ de mari usque ad ~ud IMisc 254/13.  d qualiter sit formanda impetratio curie Romane destinanda, cum illud sit fundamentum et ~ut totius cause processus, unde ab ea ut a ~ite incipiendum est W. Drogheda SA pref. p. 7; 1549 ex his presertim duobus ~itibus multi abusus oriuntur Conc. Scot. II 81. 16 beginning: a (of verse); b (of prose passage); c (of section of liturgy); d (of plea); e (of season); f (of Lent, i. e. Ash Wednesday). a quid est acephalos? versus sine ~ite, cum prima sillaba contra naturam producitur Aldh. Met. 10 p. 94.  b a ~ite sancti Evangelii Johannis usque ad eum locum ‥ Cuthb. Ob. Baedae clxii; 1006 tota ebdomada legimus tres lectiones de ~ite Actuum Apostolorum Comp. Swith. 195.  c compulsus officium misse intermisit et iterum a ~ite tricennarium incepit O. Cheriton Fab. 80; est amor antiphona, caput exhortatio vite Garl. Myst. Eccl. 261 (cf. ib. 268: non caput hoc ympnum precedit tempore Pasche); quando ‥ responsoria a ~ite repetuntur Obs. Barnwell 88.  d si eum secundum legem contramandatum esse constet, de ~ite placiti disceptetur (Leg. Hen. 59. 7) GAS 578.  e ibi debent populi omnes ‥ semel in anno ‥ convenire, sc. in ~ite kalendarum Maii (Leg. Ed.) GAS 655; item aliud folkmot esse debet ‥ in ~ite kalendarum Octobris Ib. 657; s1362 postea v diebus in ~ite Maii fiebant hastiludia ‥ Londoniis J. Reading 179b; s1392 anno eodem in ~ite sequentis hyemis tenuit rex R. parliamentum suum ‥ in crastino Animarum Croyl. Cont. B 489.  f ~ut Jejunii Egb. Pont. 61; quarta feria ~itis Jejunii ‥ sacerdos ‥ benedicat cyneres Ælf. EC 6; usque in ~ut Quadragesimae RegulC 28; a ~ite Jejunii ‥ usque in Cenam Domini Ib. 34; a1100 ad pisces emendos uno quoque anno in ~ite Quadragesimae (Ch. St. Evroul) Ord. Vit. V 13; 11‥ in ~ite Jejunii, sc. in prima ebdomada Quadragesime Dom. S. Paul. 125; 1195 de redditu ‥ a ~ite Jejunii usque ad festum S. Mich. Pipe 59; s1195 Dominica qua mos est sacerdotibus ~ut quadragesimalis jejunii sollemni esu carnium prevenire W. Newb. V 10; in ~ite Jejunii piscatores qui portant anguillas ad coquinam habebunt de aula ij panes Chr. Abingd. II 308; in ~ite Jejunii post cinerum susceptionem eat processio Offic. Sal. 76; quatuor dies precedentes primam Dominicam quadragesime, quos vocant ~ud Jejunii Bacon VI 116; abbas ‥ debet ‥ benedicciones facere, ‥ sicut ‥ cineres in ~ite Jejunii, et eas super capita fratrum signo crucis ponere Cust. Cant. 74; 1565 quolibet die Cineris in ~ite Jejunii StatOx 382. 17 end (cf. OF a chief), turn of year. b (w. in) (?) in the end, finally. si ‥ manserint usque ad ~ut anni Nen. HB 32 (cf. ib. 76); c1220 ad ~ud trium septimanarum postquam venditio fuit facta AncC IV 98A (Gasc.) ; 1283 non expectato ~ite anni RGasc II 209. Ann..  b Ann. Burton 296 (v. disconficere). 18 (of persons) head, chief, leader. b (w. ref. to Christ). c principal (acad.). d (w. tethingae) headborough. 634 sectantem magistri et ~itis sui S. Gregorii (Lit. Papae) Bede HE II 18; quidam incentor ‥ / qui caput et princeps ac pugnae signifer atrox / extiterat Aldh. VirgV 1556; licet [papa hereticus], secundum falsam opinionem nesciencium ipsum esse hereticum, ~ut ecclesie reputetur Ockham Pol. I 123 (120); s1364 multitudo gentis sine ~ite quos Navarii sibi allocaverant Eul. Hist. III 234; Fortescue LLA 13 (v. corpus 6a); 1480 nos ‥ abbas ‥ S. Albani, quem velud ~ud et abbatem ‥ ecclesia de Tynemutha respicere noscitur (Confirmatio) Reg. Whet. II 217; 1539 anno regni regis Henrici VIII ‥ in terra supremi ~itis Anglicane ecclesie Sanct. Bev. 465.  b ad ~ud omnium, quod Christus est Egb. Pont. 88; ut ‥ sim membrum tuum et tu ~ut meum Anselm (Or. 3) III 10; ita ut prophetatum de ~ite [sc. Christo] huic illius ~itis membro aptari possit H. Bos. Thom. III 31; si Christus fuit ~ut eorum [precedentium adventum ejus] secundum humanitatem Hales Qu. 746.  c 1412 duo magistri ~ita collegiorum, unus australis, alius borialis StatOx 214.  d 1221 W. attachiatus fuit per E. thethingeman de Campeden’ et per totam thethingam ejusdem E. ‥ R. T. modo est ~ud thethinge et E. mortuus est PlCrGlouc 138. 19 (of places) headquarters, seat, centre, capital; b (of country); c (of fief or sim); d (of manor). ad insulam Hii, ubi plurimorum ~ut et arcem Scotti habuere coenobiorum Bede HE III 21; habet in dominio medietatem castelli quod Roelent [Rhuddlan, Flint] vocatur et ~ut est hujus terre DB I 269; Bucfestre est ~ut abbatiae DB I 104; abbas habet j mansionem quae vocatur Bade, quae est ~ut ipsius abbatiae Dom. Exon. 185; 1106 ut ~ut et mater ecclesia totius episcopatus de Summerseta sit in urbe Bathonia Cart. Bath I 53; a1130 abbas ‥ concessit ‥ terram ‥ ad construendum ibi monasterium ‥ ea ‥ conditone ut ecclesia Ramesiensis loci illius ~ut semper existat et locus ille ad ecclesiam Ramesiensem ‥ velut membrum ad ~ut suum semper respiciat Chr. Rams. 258; c1180 duas hidas et ~ud curie Cart. Osney IV 462 (cf. ib. 463); 1250 tenet ‥ ij bovatas terre ‥ quas antecessores sui retinuerunt in manu sua quando alienaverunt ~ut ‥ serjantie Fees 1255; ut ‥ ibidem ‥, ablata memoria Christianorum fidelium, ~ut efficeretur immolationis regum paganorum Flete Westm. 35; 1560 ad visitandum ‥ tam in ~ite quam in membris civitatem et diocesem Gloucest ensem (Signif. Excommun.) EHR XXVIII 669.  b † c700 (11c) in civitate Dorobernia, ubi metropolitanum ~ud habetur CS 91; 793 Euboraca civ ate, in ecclesia B. Petri ‥, que ~ut est totius regni Alcuin Ep. 16; tertium [regnum vocatum est] Westseax, cujus ~ut emt Wiltonia H. Hunt. HA I 4; ~ut Rumanie est civitas Cont stantinopolis G. Ric. I 197; s1239 terram Basclorum, cujus ~ut est civitas Baiona et olim regnum fuerat Trevet 226.  c 1086 quod locus ille ‥ sit ‥ mei ~ud honoris, ab omnium hominum inquietudine liber et quietus MonA III 433 (cf. Eng. Feudalism 61); 1196 quod faciatis omnes illos qui habent ~ita baroniarum suarum in Normannia transire ad partes cismarinas (Lit. Regis) Diceto II lxxx; 1200 idem comes assignavit filie sue priori natu ~ud honoris sui cum esneseya RChart 52b; 1220 W. ‥ dicit quod [A.] non debet dotem habere sicut ipsa petit, quia terra illa est ~ud baronie. ‥ et T. et A. dicunt quod manerium illud non est ~ud baronie, immo defendit se per feodum j militis per se CurR VIII 240–1; 1224 castrum illud est ~ud honoris comitis Devonie in Devonia et hac ratione non potest nec debet uxor vestra illud in dotem habere Pat 430; esto quod vir non haberet nisi unicum manerium, sive illud fuerit ~ut baronie vel non, uxori non assignabitur in tertia parte aliquid de capitali mesuagio Bracton 97b (cf. ib. 93); 1275 est predictus burgus cum membris ~ud baronie sue Hund. I 63; ita ‥ quod ‥ primogenitus vel postgenitus eleccionem habeat ‥, nisi mesuagium illud sit ~ut comitatus vel baronie, sicut castrum vel aliud edificium propter jus gladii quod dividi non debet Fleta 313; 1289 sustineatis ‥ priorem ipsos [lx s.] habere ad exoneracionem partis ‥ reddituum, dum tamen ~ud feudi non existat RGasc II 488.  d Robertus coquus tenet ~ut manerii DB I 18; in ~ite manerii erant in dominio xij carucae DB I 163; 1141 sicut tenent Leom[inistriam], quod est ~ut ejusdem manerii Regesta III 701; 1220 homines de D. et de C. ibant ‥ ad operationem manerii de B., quod est ~ud maneriorum de D. et de C. CurR VIII 329. 20 acme, culmination. b head, forefront, first place. c (w. in) ‘in chief’ (feudal), directly, without intermediary. d (w. pes or cauda) (in) entirety. consensum dedit filio carissimo omnis boni ~ut accipere Eddi 3; Christus ‥ in ~ite et exemplo totius humanae naturae Eriug. Per. 545AB; hoc unum ei votum et desiderii ~ut extiterat Gir. TH III 49.  b chiliarchi, qui in ~ite sunt mille militum Bede Sam. 628; s1257 suscitavit novo regi Ricardo inimicos, in ~ite videlicet archiepiscopum Treverensem Oxnead Chr. 212; s1300 negocium illud in ~ite dominum episcopum ‥ tangebat G. Durh. 14.  c adeant eum praepositus regis et praepositus episcopi et praepositus etiam domini cujus in ~ite terra est (Inst. Cnuti) GAS 293; 1130 O. S. r.c. de vij m. argenti ut teneat in ~ite de rege feodum j militis Pipe 9; archiepiscopi et episcopi et universe persone regni qui de rege tenent in ~ite habent possessiones suas de domino rege sicut baroniam et inde respondent justitiis et ministris regis Const. Clar. 11; s1163 asserit ‥ rex ‥ quod nullus ‥, ut vulgariter loquar, de rege tenens in ~ite castellum, villam vel predium citra conscientiam regis est excommunicandus ab aliquo Diceto YH 312 (cf. Const. Clar. 7); quatenus de comite in ~ite, ut vulgo loquitur, teneret, homo ipse comitis effectus Chr. Abingd. II 67; s1177 W. ‥ intimaverat regi quod ipse deberet de eo tenere in ~ite baroniam suam, quam de R. comite Leicestrie tenebat G. Hen. II I 133; 1201 mandamus vobis quod dilecto et fideli nostro A. de C. faciatis homagium de feodo de S. Severia quod de nobis hactenus tenuistis in ~ite Pat 1b; 1217 quod ‥ reddatis ‥ capitali justiciario foreste nostre omnes exitus foreste ad nos pertinentes ‥ exceptis illis de quibus respondere debetis in ~ite ad scaccarium nostrum Pat 126; 1237 si ballivi liberorum hundredorum in balliva sua non responderint ad returnum suum, [vicecomes] intret in hundreda et distringat in ~ite LTR Mem 12 r. 15; 1242 tenet terram suam ‥ de honore de Peverel ‥, de quo honore ballivus noster ad hoc assignatus nobis respondet in ~ite ‥ de ‥ exitibus ejusdem honoris KR Mem 20 r. 12; 1247 qui nobis in ~ite respondebunt sicut prius consueverunt (Farnham) BBC 312; 1291 qui de regia dignitate tenuit in ~ite RScot 3b; 1344 omnia tenementa et redditus in civitate [London’] tenentur de domino rege in ~ite ut liberum burgagium ad feodi firmam MGL I 191; 1325 terram ‥ que de nobis [sc. rege Scotorum] tenebatur in ~ite Reg. Aberbr. I 220; 1391 quamquidem terram ‥ teneo de abbate in ~ite Ib. II 40; 1529 terre ‥ de ecclesia cathedrali de A. per servitium feodifirme tente in ~ite Reg. Aberd. I 393.  d novam a ~ite (quod dici solet) ad pedes ‥ contexat historian Ferr. Kinloss 9; nobiles et vulgus, juvenesque senesque, et universum denique regnum a ~ite usque ad caudam unanimiter consenserunt Chauncy Passio 76.

căpŭt, (6) ĭtis, n. , ¶ 1 tête dʼhomme ou dʼanimal : tutari caput et cervices et jugulum ac latera Cic. Sest. 90, mettre à couvert la tête, le cou, la gorge et les flancs ; belua multorum es capitum Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76, tu es un monstre aux cent têtes ||capite operto Cic. CM 34 ; obvoluto Cic. Phil. 2, 77 ; involuto Cic. Pis. 13 ; velato Cic. Nat. 2, 10, la tête couverte, enveloppée, voilée ; caput aperuit Cic. Phil. 2, 77, il se découvrit la tête ; capite et superciliis semper rasis Cic. Amer. 20, avec la tête et les sourcils toujours rasés ; caput dolet Pl. Amph. 1059, jʼai mal à la tête ; caput quassare Virg. En. 7, 292, secouer la tête ; caput deponere Pl. Curc. 360 ; ponere Virg. En. 5, 845, laisser reposer sa tête [pour dormir]; caput efferre Virg. G. 3, 553 ; attollere Liv. 6, 18, 14, lever haut la tête, redresser la tête [mais duris caput extulit arvis Virg. G. 2, 341, éleva sa tête (apparut) sur les dures campagnes]; capite demisso Cic. Domo 83 ; demisso capite Cic. Clu. 58, la tête baissée ||capita conferre Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 31, rapprocher les têtes = se rapprocher pour conférer, se concerter, cf. de Or. 2, 223 ; Liv. 2, 45, 7 ||caput abscidere Cic. Phil. 11, 5 ; præcidere Cic. Tusc. 5, 55, couper la tête (cædere Ov. F. 3, 339 ; decidere Curt. 7, 2, 32 ; Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 3 ) ||capite in terra statuerem (man. A ) Ter. Ad. 316, je le planterais debout par la tête sur le sol = je lui ferais donner de la tête par terre ; (nec quisquamst) quin cadat, quin capite sistat in via de semita Pl. Curc. 287, (il nʼy a personne) qui ne sʼétale, qui ne donne de la tête sur la route hors de mon chemin ; [fig.] capite agere (aliquid) Sen. Ben. 6, 1, 1, chasser par la tête = jeter dehors la tête la première = rejeter sans ménagement ; pronus volvitur in caput Virg. En. 1, 116, il roule la tête en avant ||[expr. prov.] : in capite atque in cervicibus nostris restiterunt Cic. Mur. 79, ils sont restés sur nos têtes et sur nos nuques = ils sont restés pour nous une menace imminente ; ecce supra caput homo levis ac sordidus Cic. Q. 1, 2, 6, voici sur notre dos un adversaire sans importance et misérable ; dux hostium cum exercitu supra caput est Sall. C. 52, 24, le chef des ennemis avec son armée suspend sa menace sur nos têtes, cf. Virg. En. 4, 702 ; Liv. 2, 17, 2 ; nec caput nec pes sermonis apparet Pl. As. 729, ces propos ne laissent voir ni pied ni tête, ni commencement ni fin, cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2 ; ut nec pes nec caput uni reddatur formæ Hor. P. 8, en sorte que ni la fin ni le commencement ne se rapportent à un ensemble unique [que les parties ne forment pas un tout harmonieux] ; capita aut navia ! Macr. Sat. 1, 7, 22, tête ou navire ! (cf. pile ou face !) [les pièces portant dʼun côté la tête dʼun dieu, de lʼautre un navire] ; ire præcipitem in lutum per caput pedesque Catul. 17, 9, tomber dans la boue tout du long, de la tête aux pieds ¶ 2 [fig.] caput jecoris Cic. Div. 2, 32, ou extorum Plin. 11, 189, ou caput seul Ov. M. 15, 795, tête du foie ||tête, extrémité, pointe : intonsa cælo attollunt capita (quercus) Virg. En. 9, 679, (les chênes) élèvent vers le ciel leurs têtes chevelues ||capita vitium Cato Agr. 33, 1, ou caput vitis Cato Agr. 41, 4 ; 95, 2, racines de la vigne( Virg. G. 2, 355 ) ; [racines dʼarbres] Cato Agr. 36, 1 ; [dʼoliviers] Cato Agr. 43, 2 ; [mais aussi] cep de vigne : Col. Rust. 3, 10, 1 ; Cic. CM 53 ||castellis duobus ad capita positis (pontem) reliqui Planc. d. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4, jʼai laissé le pont, après avoir établi à la tête deux redoutes ; opera in capite molis posita Curt. 4, 3, 3, ouvrages construits à lʼextrémité de la jetée ; capita tignorum Cæs. C. 2, 9, 1, les extrémités des poutres ; (tetendit cornu) donec curvata coirent inter se capita Virg. En. 11, 861, (elle tendit son arc) jusquʼà ce que les deux extrémités courbées se rejoignissent ||Atlantis piniferum caput Virg. En. 4, 249, la tête de lʼAtlas couronnée de pins ; prensans uncis manibus capita aspera montis Virg. En. 6, 360, sʼaccrochant avec les ongles aux têtes rocheuses (aux aspérités proéminentes) de la rive escarpée ||ad caput amnis Virg. G. 4, 319, près de la source du fleuve, cf. Hor. O. 1, 1, 22 ; Liv. 1, 51, 9 ; [mais multis capitibus in Oceanum influit (Rhenus) Cæs. G. 4, 10, 5, (le Rhin) se jette dans lʼOcéan par plusieurs bouches (embouchures) ; de même Hor. S. 1, 10, 37 ; Liv. 33, 41, 7 ] ; [fig.] source, origine : legum fontes et capita Cic. de Or. 1, 195, source et origine des lois, cf. Planc. 28 ; de Or. 1, 42 ; Tusc. 4, 83 ; nonne his vestigiis ad caput malefici perveniri solet ? Cic. Amer. 74, nʼest-ce pas en suivant ces traces quʼon arrive à la source (au point de départ) du crime ? alte et, ut oportet, a capite repetis quod quærimus Cic. Leg. 1, 18, tu reprends de haut et, comme il convient, à sa source la question que nous traitons, cf. Top. 39 ; Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4 ; cum se ad idem caput rettulerunt Cic. Tim. 33, quand ils [les astres] se sont ramenés au même point de départ ¶ 3 tête = la personne entière, personne, individu, homme : o lepidum caput ! Pl. Mil. 725, ô lʼaimable homme ! desiderium tam cari capitis Hor. O. 1, 24, 2, le regret dʼune tête si chère ; duo hæc capita nata sunt post homines natos tæterrima, Dolabella et Antonius Cic. Phil. 11, 1, ces deux têtes sont nées (ces deux individus sont nés) pour être depuis la naissance des hommes les plus infâmes quʼon connaisse, Dolabella et Antoine ; capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII Cæs. G. 1, 29, 2, deux cent soixante trois mille Helvètes ; ex reliquis captivis toto exercitui capita singula distribuit Cæs. G. 7, 89, 5, il répartit le reste des captifs entre toute lʼarmée, à raison dʼune tête (dʼun) par soldat ; sesquimodios frumenti populo Romano in capita describere Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 215, distribuer au peuple romain un boisseau et demi de blé par tête ; quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum milia Hor. S. 2, 1, 27, autant de milliers dʼêtres vivants, autant de goûts ||eos, qui aut non plus mille quingentos æris aut omnino nihil in suum censura præter caput attulissent, proletarios nominavit Cic. Rep. 2, 40, ceux qui nʼavaient déclaré au recensement comme propriété pas plus de quinze cents as ou même rien dʼautre que leur personne, il les appela les prolétaires ||capite censeri, nʼêtre recensé que pour sa personne ; les capite censi nʼappartiennent à aucune des cinq classes établies par Servius Tullius ; ils ne paient pas de cens et ne font pas de service militaire ; P. Fest. 226 confond le proletarius et le capite census, mais Gell. 16, 10, 10 dʼaprès Julius Paulus les distingue : Sall. J. 86, 2 ; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1 ; 7, 6, 1 ; Gell. 16, 10, 11 ; 16, 10, 14 ||[expressions] : capiti vostro istuc quidem Pl. Pœn. 645, cʼest à vous bien sûr que ton mot sʼapplique, cf. Truc. 819 ; Ter. Phorm. 491 ; multa mala eum dixisse ; suo capiti, ut aiunt Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1, [jʼai appris] quʼil avait tenu une foule de mauvais propos ; cʼest sur lui-même quʼils retombent, comme on dit, cf. Cæl. d. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4 ¶ 4 tête = vie, existence : si prædonibus pactum pro capite pretium non attuleris Cic. Off. 3, 107, si tu nʼapportes pas à des pirates le prix convenu pour ta vie [pour ta rançon]; capitis pœnam iis, qui non paruerint, constituit Cæs. G. 7, 71, 6, il décide que seront punis de mort ceux qui nʼauront pas obéi ; eorum omnium capita regi Cotto vendidisti Cic. Pis. 44, tu as vendu leurs têtes à tous au roi Cottus ||[en justice] soit personnalité civile, soit existence même ; un jugement capital = un jugement qui entraîne suivant le chef dʼaccusation, soit la peine de mort, soit lʼexil accompagné généralement de lʼinterdiction de lʼeau et du feu ou encore la qualification dʼhomo sacer : pœna capitis Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 85, peine de mort ; causa de ordine, de civitate, de libertate, de capite hominis Cic. de Or. 1, 182, une affaire où il sʼagit du rang, du droit de cité, de la liberté, de lʼexistence civile tout entière dʼun homme ; causa capitis Cic. Quinct. 32 ; Br. 47 ; de Or. 3, 211, etc., cause capitale ; de capite alicujus judicare Cic. Quinct. 44 ; Verr. 2, 2, 33 ; Rab. perd. 12, etc., prononcer le jugement dans une affaire capitale concernant qqn ; ut de suo capite judicium fieri patiatur Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 135, en sorte quʼil se laisse poursuivre pour crime capital ; judicium capitis Cic. Planc. 31 ; de Or. 1, 231 ; Br. 136, etc., procès capital ; capitis aliquem arcessere Cic. Dej. 30, intenter à qqn une action capitale ; reus capitis Cic. Dej. 11, accusé dʼun crime capital ; capitis absolutus pecunia multatus est Nep. Milt. 7, 6, sauvé de la peine de mort, il fut frappé dʼune amende pécuniaire ||[en part., chez les juriscons.] état de la personne, comprenant trois éléments essentiels : libertas, la liberté ; civitas, la cité ; familia, la famille ; dʼoù il résulte que lʼindividu compte parmi les hommes libres, au rang des citoyens, au sein dʼune famille ; capitis deminutio, v. deminutio ; virgo Vestalis sine emancipatione ac sine capitis minutione e patris potestate exit Gell. 1, 12, 9, la vierge Vestale sort de la puissance paternelle sans émancipation et sans perdre sa personnalité juridique [= ses droits de famille] ||[sens large] : caput aut existimatio alicujus Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 173, la personnalité civile ou la considération de qqn ¶ 5 tête, personnage principal ; caput est omnium Græcorum concitandorum Cic. Fl. 42, il est lʼâme du soulèvement de tous ces Grecs ; qui capita conjurationis fuerant Liv. 8, 19, 13, ceux qui avaient été les chefs de la conjuration ; caput partis ejus Lucanorum Liv. 25, 16, 5, à la tête de ce parti des Lucaniens ||[en part.] : qui capita rerum sunt Liv. 5, 27, 4 ; 26, 16, 5 ; 26, 40, 13, ceux qui sont à la tête des affaires, les principaux citoyens ; cum caput rerum in omni hostium equitatu Masinissam fuisse sciret Liv. 28, 35, 12, sachant que Masinissa avait joué au milieu de toute la cavalerie ennemie un rôle prépondérant ; (fama adfertur) caput rerum Antiates esse Liv. 4, 56, 5, (le bruit vient) que les Antiates sont à la tête du mouvement ¶ 6 [en parl. de choses] partie principale, capitale : id quod caput est Cic. Pis. 47 ; Mil. 53, etc., ce qui est le point capital, essentiel ; hoc esse vis caput defensionis tuæ, magno te decimas vendidisse Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 148, tu veux que la partie principale de ta défense soit dʼavoir vendu les dîmes à haut prix ; quod cenæ caput erat Cic. Tusc. 5, 98, ce qui était lʼessentiel du repas ; caput arbitrabatur esse oratoris, ut talis.... videretur Cic. de Or. 1, 87, lʼessentiel, à son avis, pour un orateur, était de se montrer tel... ||caput est, ut quæramus Cic. Inv. 2, 175 ( Fam. 4, 9, 4, etc.), lʼessentiel est que nous cherchions... ; caput est in omni procuratione muneris publici, ut avaritiæ pellatur etiam minima suspicio Cic. Off. 2, 75, un point capital dans toute gestion dʼune fonction publique, cʼest dʼéloigner jusquʼau plus léger soupçon dʼavidité ; caput est quam plurimum scribere Cic. de Or. 1, 150, lʼexercice fondamental, cʼest dʼécrire le plus possible ; ad consilium de re publica dandum caput est nosse rem publicam Cic. de Or. 2, 337, pour donner un avis sur les affaires publiques, il est capital de connaître les affaires publiques ¶ 7 [en parl. dʼécrits] point capital : quattuor sunt capita quæ concludant nihil esse quod nosci, percipi, comprehendi possit Cic. Ac. 2, 83, il y a quatre points principaux dans lʼargumentation pour aboutir à la conclusion quʼon ne peut rien connaître, percevoir, saisir de façon certaine ; ex uno Epicuri capite Cic. Ac. 2, 101, à la suite dʼun principe posé par Épicure ||chapitre, paragraphe : in illo capite Anniano de mulierum hereditatibus Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 118, dans ce chapitre de lʼédit relatif à Annius touchant les hérédités de femmes ; a primo capite legis usque ad extremum Cic. Agr. 2, 15, depuis le premier paragraphe de la loi jusquʼau dernier, cf. 2, 16 ; 2, 39 ; Leg. 2, 62, etc. ; quod ex quibusdam capitibus expositis nec explicatis intellegi potest Cic. Br. 164, cela peut se constater dʼaprès certains paragraphes indiqués en sommaires, mais non développés ||paragraphe dʼune lettre : Att. 9, 13, 8 ; Fam. 3, 8, 2 ||chapitre dʼun livre : Leg. 1, 21 ; Fam. 7, 22 ¶ 8 lieu principal, capitale : templum consilii publici, caput urbis Cic. Mil. 90, le temple du conseil public, le chef-lieu de la ville (= la curie); (Erana) Amani caput Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8, (Erana) capitale du mont Amanus ; (Antium) caput Volscorum Liv. 6, 9, 1, (Antium) capitale des Volsques ¶ 9 [en parl. dʼargent] somme capitale, somme principale : Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11 ; 3, 77 ; etc.; de illo Tulliano capite libere loquere Cic. Att. 15, 26, 4, tu parleras hardiment de ce principal dû par Tullius ; de capite deducite, quod usuris pernumeratum est Liv. 6, 15, 10, déduisez (retranchez) du capital ce qui a été payé jusquʼici pour les intérêts ¶ 10 [en gramm.] forme principale dʼun mot, le nominatif : Varro L. 9, 79 ; 9, 89 ; 9, 90, etc. ||la 1^re pers. du prés. indic. : Varro L. 9, 102 ; 9, 103.

➳ orth. kaput Vel. Gramm. 7, 53, 7 ; CIL 14, 2112, 1, 10, etc. ; capud CIL 7, 897 || abl. capiti Virg. En. 7, 668 ; Catul. 68, 124.

caput , itis. n.
頭。首。總。一章。首人。牲命。— et usurae 本利。— coenae 席上之首味。— concitatorum 作亂人之領袖。— regni 京都。京城。Caput fluminis 河源。河入海口。Caput liberum facere ei 以其檡放。Capita epistolae 書中之款。Carum caput 汝可爱者。Sextantibus collatis in capita 每人出二兩銀。Capitis diminutio 失位。變爲卑人。Capitis minor 斷爲卑人者。Capite censi (plur.) 貧窮民。Capita exigere 催丁銀。Nec caput nec pedes 無首尾之事。Agitur de capite 此干性命。Capitum triginta milia 三萬兵。Capitis vacui esse 係輕{}者。挑達。 Capite vel capitis damnatus 被斷死罪者。Capita rerum 畧言。大槪。In capite Hispaniae 于呂宋邊界。

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caput itis, n

• CAP-, the head: Capillus circum caput Reiectus, T.: caput obnubito, L.: capitis nives, H.: capite operto: aperire: velare, L.: abscindere cervicibus: capite demisso: attollere, O.: extollere, to become bold: breve (equi), H.: coronatum (bovis), Tb.: per caput pedesque ire, heels over head, Ct.: dux cum exercitu supra caput est, i. e. is ready to fall upon us, S.: capita conferre, to lay heads together, i. e. to confer in secret, L.: caput aut collum petere, strike at the vital parts: haec alias inter caput extulit urbes, towers, i. e. excels, V.: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, run through the head, i. e. the mind, H.: capitis labor, mental exertion, H.— Meton., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity: iocur sine capite (of a sacrifice), L.: in extis, O.: tignorum, Cs.: cornu duxit, donec curvata coirent capita, the ends, V.— The origin, source, spring, head(of a river), L.: caput unde erumpit Enipeus, V.: celsis caput urbibus exit, my source springs among great cities, V.—The mouth, embouchure(rare): multis capitibus in Oceanum influit, Cs.—Of plants: diducere terram ad capita, the roots, V.: papavera demisere caput, the heads, V.: capitum iugatio, branches(of the vine). — Of mountains, the summit: capita aspera montis, V.— Of persons, a head, person: ridiculum caput!T.: carum, V.: duo haec capita taeterrima: ignota, L.: di capiti ipsius reservent, for himself, V.: capiti cane talia Dardanio rebusque tuis, i. e. for Aeneas and yourself, V.: Perfidum, H.: de sacrando cum bonis capite alcuius, L.: ut caput Iovi sacraretur, L.—With numerals: capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII, souls, Cs.: nullum caput Proserpina fugit, H.: in capita, to each person, L.; cf. sus Triginta capitum fetūs enixa, V.—Fig., life, physical life: Capitis periculum adire, to risk life, T.: caput obiectare periclis, V.: capitis poena, capital punishment, Cs.: certamen capitis et famae: ut capite dimices tuo, L.: caput offerre pro patriā: patrium tibi crede caput (i. e. patris vitam), O.: accusatus capitis absolvitur, of a capital crime, N.: Sthenium capite damnare.—Civil life, personality, civil rights, liberty and citizenship: capitis causae, involving citizenship: iudicium capitis: capitis deminutio, loss of civil rights, Cs.—Poet.: capitis minor, H.—Of persons, a leader, chief, guide: concitandorum Graecorum: capita nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, L.: ut se Suevorum caput credant, chief tribe, Ta.: capita coniurationis securi percussi, L.: illic est huic rei caput, author, contriver, T.: ab illo fonte et capite Socrate: corpori valido caput deerat, leader, L.: ipsum Expugnare caput, the great man himself, H.—A head, chief, capital: Thebae totius Graeciae, first city, N.: Roma, orbis terrarum, L.: castellum eius regionis, principal place, L.: Romam caput Latio esse, L.: ius nigrum, cenae caput, principal dish: fundus, vestrae pecuniae, chief source of income: caput esse artis, decere, the note, characteristic: ad consilium de re p. dandum caput est nosse rem p., first qualification: caput litterarum cum alquo, reason for corresponding: Epicuri, chief dogma: caput belli et summa, V.—In writings, a division, paragraph, chapter: legis: caput Annianum de hereditatibus, passage in the will of A.— Of money, the principal sum, capital, stock: quibus ille de capite dempsisset, reduced their debts: de capite deducite alqd, L.: Quinas hic capiti mercedes exsecet, extort sixty per centum, H.

CAPUT

CAPUT(from the sense of head, literal or metaphorical, including under the latter the meaning of source, beginning) comes to signify: (1) A single person or thing as distinct from an aggregate (Inst. 3.16, 6; Dig. 6, 1,1, 3). Hence perhaps its use to express a chapter of a law (Dig. 9, 2, 2, pr.) and a territorial unit for the purpose of land taxation under the later empire (Cod. 10, 2). (2) A human being (Caes. Bell. Gall. 4.15): e. g. as a subject of the poll-tax (Dig. 50, 4, 18, 8: cf. Livy (Liv. 3.24, 10.47-Z2): and in this sense even slaves may be included, as in the phrase noxalis actio caput sequitur (Inst. 4.8, 5). But there is a tendency to restrict the term to citizens of some substance : thus the lowest century of Servius Tullius comprised the proletarii and capite censi; of whom the latter, having little or no property, were barely rated as so many head of citizens (Gell. 16.10; Cic. de Rep. 2.2. 2). (3) A human being regarded as capable of legal rights (=persona, Dig. 37, .11, 11, 2). (4) That capacity or those legal rights themselves.

The rights enjoyed in the aggregate by any free person under the protection of Roman law are denoted generally by the terms caput or status. The Romans themselves habitually regarded them as referable to three momenta or capacities--freedom, citizenship, and membership of a Roman familia. The free man, as such, whether civis or peregrinus, possessed some legal rights: the civis possessed more, even in the domain of private law; but there were many, especially rights of guardianship and inheritance, which he enjoyed only as belonging to a specific familia. Properly speaking, the slave, not being free, nullum habet caput: he has no persona (Nov. Theod. 17.2): he is ἀπρόσωπος (Theoph. 3.17, pr.). But a free man always had a caput, and this he might lose: so that, according as the caput which he lost was that of freedom, citizenship or familia, he was said to suffer capitis minutio or deminutio, maxima, media or minor, or minima (Hor. Carm. 3.5, 42; Auson. Idyll. 11.65; Boethius ad Cic. Top. 2.4). It is hardly necessary to add that loss of civitas involved loss of familia, and loss of libertas involved both.

Capitis deminutio maxima occurred when a free man, whether ingenuus or libertinus, became a slave (Gaius, 1.160; Ulp. Reg. 11.11), as he might (1) by being taken captive by an enemy of the Roman state, though he might recover his civil rights by returning to his country. [POSTLIMINIUM] (2) By being sold as a slave by a person thereunto entitled: especially by the state for evading public burdens (e. g. by not entering his name in the census), or for attempting to escape military service (Cic. pro Caec. 34, § 99; Ulp. Reg. 11.11). Similarly the creditors of an insolvent debtor might sell him trans Tiberim, into foreign slavery, under the execution procedure known as Manus injectio (Gell. 20.1); and a libertus convicted of gross ingratitude towards his patron might on the latter's application be sold as a slave by the praetor (Dig. 25, 3, 6, 1), and later the patron might resume his rights over him as dominus (Cod. 6, 7, 2: cf. Sueton. Claud. 25; Tac. Ann. 13.26, 27). (3) If a free man over twenty years of age collusively allowed himself to be sold as a slave in order, after proving his freedom, to participate in the purchase-money, he forfeited his freedom (Inst. 1.3, 4; Dig. 40, 12, 23, pr.). (4) A free woman who cohabited with a slave, after notice given to her by the latter's owner, became a slave herself by a senatus consult of Claudius (Ulp. Reg. 11.11: cf. Tac. Ann. 12.23; Suet. Vesp. 11). (5) Condemnation on a criminal charge to hard labour in the mines made the convict a servus poenae (Paul. Sent. rec. 3.6, 29).

Capitis deminutio media or minor occurred (1) when a civis Romanus accepted citizenship in another state (e. g. a civitas peregrina or colonia Latina), no civis of which could also be a full citizen of Rome; and also when a libertus civis returned to his own country with the intention of resuming citizenship there (Cic. pro Balbo, 11, 12; pro Caec. 33, 34; de Orat. 1.40;--Boeth. ad Top. 2.4). (2) As a result of condemnation to loss of citizenship for crime. Originally this was effected by aquae et ignis interdictio (Livy (Liv. 25.4), but under the empire it took the form of deportatio in insulam or banishment (Cic. pro Caec. 33, 34; Dio Cass., 56.27; Gaius, 1.161).

Capitis deminutio minima is defined by Gaius (1.162) as a status commutatio: according to Paulus (Dig. 4, 5, 11) it occurs cum familia tantum mutatur; or, as Ulpian says (Reg. 11, 13), when civitate et libertate salva status duntaxat hominis mutatur. Thus it signifies the leaving by the capite deminutus of his agnatic family, and it took place (1) when a person sui iuris became alieni iuris by adrogation, legitimation, or by subjection to the manus of a husband; (2) when a person already alieni iuris entered a new family--as when a filius familias was sold in mancipium or given in adoption, or when a person adrogated or legitimated had children in his own potestas; (3) when a person alieni iuris became sui iuris by emancipation.

A different view as to capitis deminutio minima is maintained by Savigny (System, vol. ii.), who holds that its essence lies in a civil degradation analogous to that which ensued on the two higher kinds of deminutio, so that (according to him) the only instances of it are adrogation and subjection to manus and mancipium. But this is in conflict with a great weight of textual authority, and is strongly combated by many of Savigny's most eminent successors.

Legal proceedings. which affected either libertas or civitas are said to be capital: Capitalia (judicia) dicimus, quae ultimo supplicio adficiunt, vel aquae et ignis interdictione, vel deportatione, vel metallo: cetera, si qua infamiam irrogant cum damno pecuniario .... non capitalia (Inst. 4.18, 2). Elsewhere the term is rather confined to the punishment of death: capita puniri, plecti, luere (Cod. 48, 19, 11, 4, &c.).

[J.B.M]

CAPUT

CAPUT[FENUS]

Caput

A word which from the sense of “head,” literal or metaphorical (including under the latter the meaning of “source,” “beginning”), comes to signify: (1) A single person or thing as distinct from an aggregate (Inst. iii. 16, 6; Dig. 6, 1, 1, 3). Hence perhaps its use to express a “chapter” of a law (Dig. 9, 2, 2, pr.) and a territorial unit for the purpose of land taxation under the later Empire (Cod. 10, 2).

(2) A human being (Caes. B. G. iv. 15), e. g. as a subject of the poll-tax (Dig. 50, 4, 18, 8); and in this sense even slaves may be included, as in the phrase noxalis actio caput sequitur (Inst. iv. 8, 5). But there is a tendency to restrict the term to citizens of some substance; thus the lowest century of Servius Tullius comprised the proletarii and capite censi; of whom the latter, having little or no property, were barely rated as so many head of citizens (Gell. xvi. 10; Cic. de Rep. ii. 22).

(3) A human being regarded as capable of legal rights (= persona).

(4) That capacity or those legal rights themselves.

Caput

The principal of a debt. See fenus.