familia

pater familias
master of the household Orgetorix familiam suam coegit
Orgetorix gathered his servants

fămĭlĭa, ae (with pater, mater, filius, and filia, the class. gen. sing. is usually in the archaic form familias; familiae also occurs, v. infra; gen.: familiai, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 203 (355); with the plur. of these words both the sing. and plur. of familia are used: patres familias, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 43; id. Verr. 2, 3, 51, § 120 al.: patres familiarum, Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Sall. C. 43, 2; 51, 9, v. infra II. A. b.—On the form patribus familiis for familiae, patrum familiarum, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183; id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48, v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 7), f. [famulus],

• the slaves in a household, a household establishment, family servants, domestics (not = family, i. e. wife and children, domus, or mei, tui, sui, etc., but v. II. A. 3 infra): nescio quid male factum a nostra hic familia est ... ita senex talos elidi jussit conservis meis, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 11 (166); 17 (172); id. Trin. 2, 1, 28 (250); id. Am. 4, 3, 10 (1044): neque enim dubium est, quin, si ad rem judicandum verbo ducimur, non re, familiam intelligamus, quae constet ex servis pluribus, quin unus homo familia non sit: verbum certe hoc non modo postulat, sed etiam cogit, Cic. Caecin. 19, 55; cf. Dig. 50, 16, 40, § 3; Ap. Apol. p. 304: vilicus familiam exerceat, Cato R. R. 5, 2: familiae male ne sit, id. ib.: te familiae interdicere, ut uni dicto audiens esset, Cic. Rep. 1, 39: qui emeret eam familiam a Catone, id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5: cum insimularetur familia societatis ejus, id. Brut. 22, 85: conjugum et liberorum et familiarum suarum causa, id. N. D. 2, 63, 157: Petreius armat familiam, Caes. B. C. 1, 75, 2: alienae se familiae venali immiscuisse, Quint. 7, 2, 26: Aesopus domino solus cum esset familia, formed the entire establishment, Phaedr. 3, 19, 1.—Of the serfs belonging to a temple: illi Larini in Martis familia numerantur, Cic. Clu. 15, 43; cf. of the serfs, vassals of Orgetorix: die constituta causae dictionis Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam, ad hominum milia decem undique coëgit, Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 2.
• II Transf.
• • A With the idea of house predominating.
  • • 1 In gen., a house and all belonging to it, a family estate, family property, fortune: familiae appellatio varie accepta est: nam et in res et in personas deducitur; in res, ut puta in lege XII. tab. his verbis: AGNATVS PROXIMVS FAMILIAM HABETO, Dig. 50, 16, 195; so, SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Legg. Mosaic. et Roman. tit. 16, § 4 (cf. agnatus): idcirco qui, quibus verbis erctum cieri oporteat, nesciat, idem erciscundae familiae causam agere non possit, Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; so, arbitrum familiae erciscundae postulavit, id. Caecin. 7, 19; cf.: familiae erciscundae, Dig. 10, tit. 2: decem dierum vix mihi est familia, means of support, Ter. Heaut. 909 Ruhnk.—
    • • b Paterfamilias, materfamilias, etc., or paterfamiliae, materfamiliae, filiusfamilias, etc. (also written separately: pater familiae, mater familiae, etc.), the master of a house in respect to ownership, the proprietor of an estate, head of a family; the mistress of a house, matron; a son or daughter under the father's power, a minor: paterfamilias appellatur, qui in domo dominium habet, recteque hoc nomine appellatur, quamvis filium non habeat; non enim solam personam ejus, sed et jus demonstramus. Denique et pupillum patremfamilias appellamus, Dig. 50, 16, 195; cf. Sandars ad Just. Inst. 1, 8 prooem.—
      • • α Form familias: paterfamilias ubi ad villam venit, Cato R. R. 2, 1: paterfamilias, Cic. Quint. 3, 11; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 497, 19 (Rep. 5, 3 ed. Mos.); Sen. Ben. 4, 27 fin.; Nep. Att. 4; 13 al.; cf., in gen., of a plain, ordinary citizen: sicut unus paterfamilias his de rebus loquor, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132; 1, 34, 159.—In plur.: patresfamilias, qui liberos habent, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 43; 16, 48; id. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183 al.: (Demaratus) cum de matrefamilias Tarquiniensi duo filios procreavisset, Cic. Rep. 2, 19: materfamilias, id. Cael. 13, 32: id. Top. 3, 14; Dig. 50, 16, 46 al.—In plur.: uxoris duae formae: una matrumfamilias, etc., Cic. Top. 3, 14; id. Fam. 5, 10, 1; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62 al.— In an inverted order: familias matres, Arn. 4, 152: illum filium familias patre parco ac tenaci habere tuis copiis devinctum non potes, Cic. Cael. 15, 36: filiusfamilias, Dig. 14, 6, 1 sq. al.: tu filiafamilias locupletibus filiis ultro contulisti, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 14.—
        • β Form familiae: ex Amerina disciplina patrisfamiliae rusticani, Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; so, pater familiae, Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3; Liv. 1, 45, 4; Sen. Ep. 47 med.; Tac. Or. 22 al.: familiae mater, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll.—In plur.: pauci milites patresque familiae, Caes. B. C. 2, 44, 1; Gracch. ap. Charis. p. 83 P.: Liv. 5, 30 fin.: matrem familiae tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines? Liv. 34, 7, 3: mater familiae, id. 39, 53, 3; Tert. Verg. Vel. 11.— In plur.: matresfamiliae, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 83 P.; Caes. B. G. 1, 50, 4; 7, 26, 3; 7, 47, 5; id. B. C. 2, 4, 3.—
        • γ In gen. plur.: civium Romanorum quidam sunt patresfamiliarum, alii filiifamiliarum, quaedam matresfamiliarum, quaedam filiaefamiliarum. Patresfamiliarum sunt, qui sunt suae potestatis, sive puberes sive impuberes; simili modo matresfamiliarum, filii vero et filiaefamiliarum, qui sunt in aliena potestate, Dig. 1, 6, 4: patresfamiliarum, Sisenn. ap. Varr. L. L. 8, § 73 Müll.; Suet. Calig. 26 fin.: matresfamiliarum, Sall. C. 51, 9: filiifamiliarum, id. ib. 43, 2; Tac. A. 3, 8; 11, 13: filiaefamiliarum, Dig. 14, 6, 9, § 2: patrumfamiliarum, ib. 50, 16, 195.—
    • 2 In respect to relationship, a family, as part of a gens: addere nostrae lepidam famam familiae, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 98 (373): sororem despondere in fortem familiam, id. ib. 5, 2, 9 (1133): item appellatur familia plurium personarum, quae ab ejusdem ultimi genitoris sanguine proficiscuntur, sicuti dicimus familiam Juliam. Mulier autem familiae suae et caput et finis est, Dig. 50, 16, 195 fin.: qua in familia laus aliqua forte floruerit, hanc fere, qui sunt ejusdem stirpis, cupidissime persequuntur, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2: EX EA FAMILIA ... IN EAM FAMILIAM, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 50, 16, 195: commune dedecus familiae, cognationis, nominis, Cic. Clu. 6, 16: Laeliorum et Muciorum familiae, id. Brut. 72, 252; id. Off. 2, 12 fin.: nobilissima in familia natus, id. Rep. 1, 19: ex familia vetere et illustri, id. Mur. 8, 17: primus in eam familiam attulit consulatum, id. Phil. 9, 2, 4: hospes familiae vestrae, id. Lael. 11, 37: Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignavia, Sall. J. 95, 3 et saep.—
    • • b Transf.: libros, qui falso viderentur inscripti, tamquam subditicios, summovere familiā, permiserunt sibi, Quint. 1, 4, 3.—
    • 3 In gen., a family, the members of a household, = domus (rare): salutem dicit Toxilo Timarchides et familiae omni, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 32 (501): si haec non nubat, fame familia pereat, id. Cist. 1, 1, 46 (46): ne pateretur Philippi domus et familiae inimicissimos stirpem interimere, Nep. Eum. 6, 3.—
  • B A company, sect, school, troop (rare but class.): cum universi in te impetum fecissent, tum singulae familiae litem tibi intenderent, Cic. de Or. 1, 10 42: familia tota Peripateticorum, id. Div. 2, 1, 3; cf.: Aristoteles, Xenocrates, tota illa familia, id. Fin. 4, 18, 49: familiae dissentientes inter se, id. de Or. 3, 16, 21: familia gladiatorum ... familia Fausti, id. Sull. 19, 54: lanistarum, Suet. Aug. 42: tironum, a company of young soldiers, Cod. Th. 10, 1; Amm.20, 4 med.—A troop or company of players, Plaut. Men. prol. 74.—
  • • 2 Ducere familiam, in gen., to lead a company, i. e. to be at the head, be the first: Lucius quidem, frater ejus, familiam ducit, Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30; cf.: accedit etiam, quod familiam ducit in jure civili, singularis memoria summa scientia, id. Fam. 7, 5, 3: gravissima illa vestra sententia, quae familiam ducit, id. Fin. 4, 16, 45.

familia, ae (auch as, nach den Wörtern pater, mater, filius, filia), f. (famulus), die Gesamtheit der unter einem dominus stehenden Sklaven, das Gesinde, die Dienerschaft, bes. als Angehörige u. Teil der Familie, dann übtr. die ganze Hausgenossenschaft (Freie u. Sklaven), die Familie, I) eig.: a) als Gesinde eines Hausherrn: neque dubium est, quin, si ad rem iudicandam verbo ducimur, non re, familiam intellegamus, quae constet ex servis pluribus; quin unus homo familia non sit (verbum certe hoc non modo postulat, sed etiam cogit), Cic. Caecin. 55: villicus familiam exerceat; consideret, quae dominus imperaverit fiant, Cato: cum insimularetur familia, partim etiam liberi, societatis eius, Cic.: neque cuiquam quam illi in nostra melius famulo familia, Plaut.: familiam Catonianam vendere, Cic.: familiā privatā (durch seine eigenen Sklaven) incendia exstinguere (löschen lassen), Vell.: Aesopus domino cum solus esset familia, die ganze Dienerschaft ausmachte, Phaedr. – b) die einem lanista als dominus zugehörige Truppe, Schar von Fechtern, gladiatoria, Caes. u. Sall.: gladiatorum, lanistae, Suet.: maxima, Cic.: comparare familiam, Cic.: dah. familiam ducere, an der Spitze stehen, in erster Linie stehen, die erste Stelle einnehmen, v. Pers., Cic. Phil. 5, 30; v. Lebl., Cic. de fin. 4, 45; ep. 7, 5, 3. – in der spät. Kaiserzt. eine zu einer Legion gehörige, aber noch nicht in die Stammliste eingetragene (wahrsch. unter einem Fechtmeister stehende) Rekrutentruppe, Cod. Theod. u. Amm. – c) die einem dominus zugehörige Truppe-, Gesellschaft von Schauspielern, Auct. prol. Plaut. Men. 74. – d) die einem Mächtigen angehörenden Hörigen, Leibeigenen, Caes. b. G. 1, 4, 2. – e) die einem Tempel angehörigen Sklaven, die Leibeigenen, Hörigen, Cic. Clu. 43. – f) f. publica, die der Staatsgemeinde angehörigen Sklaven, die Staatssklaven, niedere Staatsdiener, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 479. – ebenso das niedere Dienstpersonal einer Behörde, f. fiscalis, spät. ICt. – II) übtr.: A) der ganze Hausstand, zerfallend in die freie u. leibeigene Hausgenossenschaft u. in das bewegliche u. unbewegliche Vermögen, das Hauswesen, der Hausstand (vgl. Ulp. dig. 50, 16, 195), denen allen ein Hausherr vorsteht, dah. pater familias, Cic., od. familiae, Liv., Herr vom Hause, Hausherr, Hausvater; u. Plur., patres familias, Cic., od. familiae, Caes., od. familiarum, Suet. – mater familias, Cic., od. familiae, Caes. u. Liv., Frau vom Hause, Hausfrau; u. Plur. matres familias, Cic., od. familiarum, Ulp. dig. – filius familias, Sohn vom Hause, der noch unter des Vaters Gewalt steht, der unmündige, noch nicht volljährige Sohn, Cic.; Plur., filii familiarum, Sall. – filia familias, Tochter vom Hause, Sen.; Plur., filiae familiarum, ICt. – v. Hausbesitz, Vermögen usw., agnatus proximus familiam habeto, XII tabb. fr.: herciscundae familiae causam agere, Cic.: decem dierum vix mihi est familia, habe kaum Lebensunterhalt auf usw., Ter. heaut. 909. – B) die einem Stammvater Angehörigen, die Familie, 1) eig.: a) im weitern Sinne, die ganze Geschlechtslinie, das Geschlecht (synon. mit gens), M. Bruti rogatu Iuniam familiam a stirpe ad hanc aetatem ordine enumeravit, Nep.: familiam unam (sc. gentem Fabiam) subisse civitatis onus, Liv.: sunt praeterea feriae propriae familiarum, ut familiae Claudiae, vel Aemiliae, seu Iuliae, sive Corneliae, Macr. – b) im engern Sinne als Unterabteilung eines Geschlechts (gens), vetus et illustris, Cic.: nobilissima, Cic.: antiquissima, Caes.: ampla et honesta f. plebeia, Cic.: hospes familiae vestrae, Cic.: commune dedecus familiae, Cic. – übtr.: a) eine von einem Stifter abstammende philosophische Sekte, tota Peripateticorum, Cic.: Aristoteles, Xenocrates, tota illa familia non dabit, Cic. – b) von Schriften, libros, qui falso viderentur inscripti, tamquam subditos submovere familiā (Kanon), Quint. 1, 4, 3.

familia [CL] 1 household, all persons, whether family, retainers or servants, dependent on one individual. b retinue. c mil. retinue. d (fig.). Claudius tribunus ‥ cum lxx militibus et omni ~ia ac bernacula clientela Aldh. VirgP 35 p. 279; invenit puellam ibi neptem patris ~ias ‥ et familiares domus illius Bede HE III 9; offerente ei episcopo ut in sua ~ia manendi locum acciperet Ib. V 2; 1085 excepto R. comite [sc. Heref’] et ~ia sua (Chirog.) EHR XLIV 372; quodsi tertia nocte hospitatus fuerit, et ipse forisfecerit alicui, habeat eum ad rectum tanquam de propria ~ia, quod Angli dicunt: tþa niht gest, þridde niht ogen hyþen (Leg. Ed.) GAS 648 (cf. Bracton 124v); Melaz cum pedissequis et eunuchis nobilique ~ia sua de domo patris sui egressa est Ord. Vit. X 24 p. 156; eleemosynam ‥ quam cum dedisset materfamilias ‥ W. Cant. Mir. Thom. II 16; 1221 ligaverunt ipsum F. et totam ~iam suam et robaverunt domum PlCrGlouc 19; 1255 Willelmus de H. de ~ia dicti Nicholai SelPlForest 32; non solum pater debet admonere et disciplinare filios naturales sed filios ~ias. ipse enim dicitur pater ~ias. qui sic dictus est quia in ~ia sua omnibus positis servis tanquam pater filiis ‥ consulit J. Waleys Commun. f. 63; 1334 summa pastus famulie principis de nativis ‥ Surv. Denb. 153; 1366 ~iam ejusdem Elizabethe nequiter ‥ verberavit Pat 272 m. 4; 1503 quilibet laicus de scholasticorum ~ia StatOx 309.  b [Cyclops] de ~ia hujus [Ulixis] una manu duos tenuit et devoravit Lib. Monstr. I 11 add.; [Leir] reversus est ‥ ad primogenitam existimans se posse commovere illam in pietatem ut cum sua ~ia retineretur G. Mon. II 12; quid prodest igitur multa familia, / quid opes, oppida ‥ ? Walt. Wimb. Carm. 377; poterit contingere, quod uterque judex suam jurisdiccionem cupiens exercere citet reum pro eodem tempore, vel quod uterque ad ipsum capiendum mittat ~iam Ockham Dial. 948; 1432 cum famulia multa ‥ precedenti ‥ de modulatoribus sive ministrallis ac servientibus et ministris (J. Carpenter) MGL III 457.  c invitatis probissimis quibusque ex longe positis regnis [Arturus] cepit ~iam suam augmentare G. Mon. IX 11; in cujus ~ia servierat in armis Ord. Vit. III 10 p. 114; rex ‥ Rodberto ingentem ~iam bellatorum ‥ adunare precepit Ib. X 8 p. 40; s1159 ~ia [cf. W. teulu] ‥ Resi ‥ castellum Lanamdewi obsedit, quod Resus adveniens primo impetu cepit Ann. Cambr. 48; quod ‥ cum tam pauca ~ia et diminuto exercitu ‥ timerent vires extendere militares G. Hen. V 9 p. 64.  d omnia ‥ in ~ia propriae voluntatis existunt ‥ illique voluntati velut cuidam dominae oboediunt Simil. Anselmi 36; actuum ~ia stipatus creator creaturam antecessit Pull. Sent. 681D. 2 (w. regis or sim.) royal household; cf. domus 3b, hospitium 8a. b (w. secreta) personal retinue of king. qui in regali ~ia nutriebantur Asser Alf. 76; 1101 sicut mos est ~ie regis DipDoc I 3; eum qui sanguinem fundet humanum nolo socnam habere in ~iam meam [AS: to minum hirede] (Quad.) GAS 189; 1241 habere faciatis ‥ l m. ‥ ad expensas Edwardi filii nostri et libere ~ie secum apud Windles’ commorantis Liberate 15 m. 14; 1255 qui fuit cum Petro de Stanford’ de ~ia domini regis SelPlForest 34; 1260 uni militum de ~ia regis Cl 128; 1306 in donis datis ~ie domini regis et regine ij s. viij d. Crawley 244; 1332 contencio mota fuit inter ~iam hospicii domini regis et communitatem villate SelCCoron 85; 1336 pro quibusdam de ~ia regis et regine Ac. Durh. 528; 1549 Gulielmum Pagetum, militem, ~ie nostre antigraphum seu contrarotulatorem StatOx 342.  b 1353 cum nos cum hospicio nostro et alias cum secreta ~ia nostra per diversos comitatus regni nostri Anglie transire oporteat Pat 240 m. 15d.. 3 (eccl. & mon.): a household, retinue (of bishop or sim.). b monastic community. a foedera ‥ S. Bonifatio ejusque ~iae conlata sunt Willib. Bonif. 6 p. 34; 803 (11c) Deneberhto episcopo et ejus ~iae CS 308; 811 ut nostra ~ia, viz. fratres nostri, ‥ in Domino fruerentur CS 332; a1085 in ipso quoque coenobio cum ~ia tua consumens bona monachorum octo dierum moram fecisti Lanfr. Ep. 29 (27); [papa] processit ‥ cum domestica ~ia Boso Lib. Pont. 386; 1258 quod [archidiaconus Winton’] sine mora exeat regnum Anglie ‥ cum competenti ~ia et cum rationabilibus expensis suis Cl 330; 1290 [canonicorum] ~ia non est de aliqua parochia, et sunt sub cura dominorum suorum, vel cui canonicus ~ie sue curam committit Stat. Ebor. 113; 1335 in donis datis diversis de hospicio et ~ia episcopi Ac. Durh. 530.  b a quodam clerico ~ie V. Cuthb. II 3; 765 tibi ‥ abbati tuaeque ~iae consistenti in monasterio quod nominatur Ricuulfi CS 199; 838 ~iae liberorum monasteriorum CS 421 p. 588; c976 (12c) ego Æðelgar abbod et tres ~iae in hac civitate, hoc est ~ia in Vetusto monasterio, et ~ia in Novo monasterio, et ~ia in monasterio monialium CD 1347; 1004 quatinus in ipso loco ejusdem ‥ ordinis ~ia jugiter regulari more sub abbate tunc sibi praelato juxta [regulam] S. militans Benedicti adgregetur CD 710 p. 332; 1260 quedam bona dicti prioratus de quibus ~ia prioratus ejusdem sustentari debebat Cl 47; 1287 de ~iis ‥ utriusque monasterii firmiter est statutum quod ‥ Thorne 1947; historia ‥ abbatum Cisterciensis ~ie monasterii a Kynlos Ferr. Kinloss tit.. 4 a (w. Dei, Domini) the household of faith. b (w. caeli) the company of heaven. a interea volente Deo purgare ~iam suam Gildas EB 22; 675 Aldhelmus bernaculus ~iae Christi Aldh. Ep. 2; ~iam tuam [AS: hiorad ðin], quaesumus, Domine, ‥ custodi Rit. Durh. 17.  b beatam caeli ~iam Aldh. VirgP 12. 5 family (related by blood). nob[ili] ~ia: e bona [sic] genere GlC N 159; s1057 rex ‥, quod ipse non susceperat liberos, ‥ misit ad regem Hunorum ut filium fratris Edmundi, Edwardum, cum omni ~ia sua mitteret, futurum ut aut ille aut filii sui succedant regno W. Malm. GR II 228; s1057 revocavit inde filium fratris sui ‥ Eadwardum, cum tota ~ia sua. ‥ venit igitur Eadwardus cum filio suo Eadgaro et filiabus Margareta et Christiana M. Par. Maj. I 526. 6 a (mil.) company, garrison. b (naut.) ship’s company. a alimentis illuc [sc. Limerici] undique contractis, et de ~ia militibus quadraginta ‥ ibidem relictis ‥ Gir. EH II 10; relicte apud Limericum ~ie subventio Ib. II 12 tit..  b de ~ia illius ciulae quae relicta est propter fractionem tota Hibernia impleta est Nen. HB 155; 1346 dicti [magister et constabularius] fuerunt ad mensam domini regis cum tota ~ia ejusdem navis ‥ per lxx dies KR Ac 25/7; 1378 sperando et intelligendo patronum et totam ~iam dicte navis Januensis cum toto vigore eorum sic sibi fecisse IMisc 220/7 m. 5. 7 set (of chessmen). ~ia hujus scaccarii sunt homines hujus mundi J. Waleys Schak. 463; 1286 j scaccarium cum ~ia pertinente de jaspide et cristallo Rec. Wardr. 2009; c1300 j scaccarium cum ~ia FormMan 21; 1300 j ~ia pro scaccario de jaspide et cristallo in j coffro AcWardr p. 351; c1325 j ~iam de ebore pro scaccario LTR Ac 14 r. 6d.; 1329 tenuit ‥ per serjanciam, viz. ad narrandum famuliam scaccarii domini regis in camera regis et ad ponendum in loculo cum dominus rex ludum suum perfecerit IPM 16/1; 1374 j scaccarium de cristallo et jaspide cum ~ia KR Ac 397/10 r. 3. 8 (transf.) amount of land regarded as (capable of) supporting one household, hide. Cf.Bede HE IV 23: locum unius ~iae. ceperunt aedificare monasterium ‥ accepta ab eo [Egfriðo] terra ‥ ~iarum quinquaginta Hist. Abb. Jarrow 7; Tanatos insula non modica, id est magnitudinis juxta consuetudinem aestimationis Anglorum ~iarum dc Bede HE I 25 p. 45; cui rex Vulfheri donavit terram l ~iarum ad construendum monasterium Ib. IV 3.

fămĭlĭa, (7) æ, (famulus), f. , ¶ 1 ensemble des esclaves de la maison, le personnel des esclaves : unus homo familia non est Cic. Cæc. 55, un seul homme ne constitue pas tout le domestique ; familia societatis Cic. Br. 85, le personnel des esclaves attachés à la compagnie fermière, cf. Verr. 2, 5, 11 ; Q. 2, 6, 5 ; Cæs. C. 1, 75, 2 ; familia publica CIL 6, 479, les esclaves attachés au service public || maison, personnes attachées à un grand personnage : Cæs. G. 1, 4, 2 ¶ 2 maison de famille : pater, mater familias, le père, la mère de famille (ou familiæ Cæs. G. 6, 19, 3 ; 1, 50, 4 ) ; filius familias Dig. 14, 6, 1 ; filia familias Sen. Helv. 14, 3, fils, fille de famille || = res familiaris, le bien de la famille : xii tab.  ; herciscundæ familiæ causa Cic. de Or. 1, 237, affaire de partage ; decem dierum vix mi est familia Ter. Haut. 909, jʼai du bien à peine pour dix jours || famille, branche de la gens ou qqf. = gens : familiæ Cic. Br. 62, les familles, les familles nobles ; ex familia vetere Cic. Mur. 17, dʼune ancienne famille, cf. Cæl. 34 ; Junia familia, Marcellorum, Fabiorum, Nep. Att. 18, 4, la famille des Junius, des Marcellus, des Fabius ¶ 3 [fig.] corps, secte, troupe, école : Peripateticorum Cic. de Or. 1, 40, lʼécole des Péripatéticiens ; gladiatorum Cic. Sulla 54, la troupe des gladiateurs || familiam ducit Cic. Phil. 5, 30, cʼest lui le chef de file, le coryphée ; sententia quæ familiam ducit Cic. Fin. 4, 45, la maxime qui est en première ligne, qui tient le premier rang.

➳ gén. arch. familiās maintenu, concurremment avec le gén. familiæ, après pater, mater, filius, filia, v. ci-dessus.

familia , ae. f.
家。家人。九族。黨。 Fabiorum vel Fabia familia 法比氏之族。Gladiatorum familia 舞刀之門。Familiam ducere 管家。

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familia ae (with pater, mater, filius, the old gen.familias is freq.), f

• famulus, the slaves in a household, a household establishment, family servants, domestics: familia, quae constet ex servis pluribus: emere familiam a Catone: armare familiam, Cs.: Aesopus domino solus cum esset familia, his one servant, Ph.: Martis, serfs of the temple: omnem suam familiam undique cogere, vassals, Cs.—An estate, family property, fortune: herciscundae familiae causam agere: decem dierum vix mihi est familiā, means of support, T.— A household, family; genit. (familias or familiae), with pater, mater, or filia: pater familias, head of a family, householder: sicut unus pater familias loquor, as a plain citizen: pater familiae, Cs.: pauci milites patresque familiae, Cs.: patres familias, qui liberos habent, etc.: patres familiarum: mater familias, a matron, mistress of a household: mater familiae, L.: matres familiae, Cs.: matribus familias vim attulisse: matres familiarum, S.: filii familiarum, minors, sons in tutelage, S.—A family, family connection, kindred(as part of a gens): tanta, T.: nobilissima: familiam dedecoras, T.: dedecus familiae: primusin eam familiam attulit consulatum: familiā prope exstinctā, S.—A family, the members of a household: Philippi domūs et familiae inimicissimi, N.—A company, sect, school, troop: singulae familiae litem tibi intenderent: tota Peripateticorum: familiae dissentientes inter se: gladiatoriae, S.: Lucius familiam ducit, is first: familiam ducit in iure civili, stands highest.

FAMILIA

FAMI´LIAin Old Latin famelia, in Oscan famelo, in Umbrian famedia, is probably in its original sense a body of persons belonging to a house, a household (Osc. faa-ma =house, Sanskr. dhâ = to settle, dhâman = settlement). The etymology of Festus (s. v. famuli), deriving familia from the Oscan famel, meaning a slave, is now commonly rejected; and the view of Corssen (Kuhn, Zeitsch. f. verg. Sprach. 2.292), that the fundamental conception of the word is inheritance, property, has met with little favour. (Voigt, XII. Tafeln, 2.72, n. 3; Rossbach, Röm. Ehe, A. 42; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 228.) The adjective familiares and the substantive famuli signify generally the members belonging to a house (Festus, s. v. familiaris; Paul. Diac. 86, 16), though the latter word came to denote the slaves of a familia or household. The Latin word for the house or homestead, which was the principal family possession, is domus; and the combination domus familiaque, for which familia pecuniaque was substituted, designates the family in respect of its familiares or members, and in respect of its dwelling-place with the property attached to it (Voigt, l. c.). The meaning of the word familia, which appears to have originally included only the group of familiares, was extended so as to comprehend all that is subject to the manus or control of a paterfamilias, both free persons, slaves and other objects of property, in this sense corresponding to the Greek οἶκος. But the word has generally narrower significations ( familiae--appellatio et in res et in personas diducitur, Dig. 50, 16, 195.1). Thus it sometimes means property; that is to say, property as an adjunct or appendage of a household, as e. g. in the phrase familiae erciscundae judicium and in the connexion of words ex Cassia familia datum (Liv. 2.8, 15.41-Z2).

The Greek οἶκος has a similar sense, and we may perhaps also compare the use of familia in the writings of Bede as equivalent to the Anglo-Saxon word hŷd, which probably means the quantity of land appropriated to a family (Earle, Land Charters, p. 457). In the description of the mancipative will given by Gaius (2.102) the word familia is explained by the equivalent patrimonium, and the person who received the succession from the testator by mancipation ( qui a testatore familiam accipiebat mancipio) was called familiae emptor. It is to be noticed that in the formula adopted by the familiae emptor, when he took the testator's estate by a fictitious sale, the word pecunia is coupled with familia, Familia pecuniaque tua endo mandatelam custodelamque (Gaius, 2.104: cf. Cic. de Inv. 2.5. 0, 148; de Leg. 3.3, 7; Sueton. Nero, 4), familia probably meaning the family and pecunia the property. Various interpretations, however, of the words familia pecuniaque in this passage have been proposed. Kuntze (Excurs. 107) maintains, though without sufficient ground, that familia comprises res mancipi of the testator, and pecunia res nec mancipi. Rudorff (Recht der Vormundsch. 1.168, A. 3) suggests that familia signifies the slaves and pecunia cattle (pecus). Another conjecture is that familia is the property that was originally inalienable, and pecunia alienable chattels.

In the passage of the Twelve Tables which declares that in default of any suus heres the succession of the deceased shall go to the next agnatus, the word familia signifies the succession agnatus proximus familiam habeto.

Familia sometimes signifies only persons; that is, all those who are in the power of a head of a family, such as descendants, and slaves who were not only objects of dominion, but also in a sense objects of potestas. In another sense familia denotes only the free persons who are in the power of a paterfamilias, including natural and adoptive descendants and the wife in her husband's manus. In a more extended sense familia includes all those who are connected by agnation; that is, all who are sprung or who are supposed to be sprung from an ascertained common ancestor, and would be in his power if he were living. With this sense of familia is connected the status familiae, by virtue of which a person belonged to a particular familia, and thereby had a capacity for certain rights which only the members of a familia could claim. A person who changed this status ceased to belong to the familia, and sustained a capitis deminutio minima. [ADOPTIO; CAPUT. ] Members of the same familia were familiares, and hence familiaris came to signify an intimate friend.

Familia was properly the civil family connected by subjection to patria potestas or by agnation, not the natural family connected only by cognation; but familia is sometimes used to signify a natural family. The extent of the terms agnati and cognati and their legal import are explained under COGNATI

The word familia may be equivalent to gens, which comprehended a group of agnatic familiae. The relation of the agnatic familia and gens is explained under GENS

Familia is frequently used to signify only the slaves belonging to a head of a family (Cic. ad Fam. 14.4; ad Quint. Fr. 2.6). Slaves who belonged to the same familia were called, with respect to this relation, familiares. Generally familiaris might signify anything relating to a familia, e.g. familiaria sacra.

The head of a familia or household, known originally as esus or erus (Voigt, XII. Tafeln, 2.79, n. 9), was a Roman citizen who was sui juris. As master of his house (domus) and its belongings he was dominus; as governor of the familiares or members of the household, he was paterfamilias. His wife, subject to his manus, was materfamilias or house-mother. [MATRIMONIUM] A filius- or filia-familias was a male or female descendant in the power of a paterfamilias. The legal incapacities of filius- and filia-familias and a wife in manu may be most appropriately considered under PATRIA POTESTAS

Familia has also the meaning of a body of persons united in a society for a particular purpose: thus it is applied to a school of philosophers, e. g. familia Peripateticorum (Cic. Div. 2.1, 3), to a school of gladiators, and to a corps of recruits. In a sense still more remote from the original, it is sometimes applied to signify a man's living, a man's means of subsistence (Ter. Heauton. 5.36). (Savigny, System des heutigen röm. Rechts, i. pp. 345, 356; Voigt, Das Civil-und Criminalrecht der XII. Tafeln, 2.72; Rollet, De la Famille et la Propriété sous la loi des XII. Tabl.; Schupfer, La Famiglia secondo il Diritto Romano; Muirhead, Introduction to Law of Rome, ch. iii.; Maine, Ancient Law, chaps. v. and vi.; Roby, Introduction to the Digest, p. 48.)

[E.A.W]

Familia

The Latin name for a household community, consisting of the master of the house (pater familias), his wife (mater familias), his sons and unmarried daughters (filii and filiae familias), the wives, sons, and unmarried daughters of the sons, and the slaves. All the other members of the family were subject to the authority of the pater familias. (For the power of the husband over his wife, see manus.) In virtue of his paternal authority (patria potestas), the pater familias had absolute authority over his children. He might, if he liked, expose them, sell them, or kill them. These rights, as manners were gradually softened, were more and more rarely enforced; but they legally came to an end only when the father died, lost his citizenship, or of his own will freed his son from his authority. (See emancipatio.) They could, however, be transferred to another person if the son were adopted, or the daughter married. A son, if of full age, was not in any way interfered with by the patria potestas in the exercise of his civil rights. But in the exercise of his legal rights as an individual, he was dependent always on his father. He could, for instance, own no property; but all that he acquired was, in the eye of the law, at the exclusive disposal of his father. The pater familias alone had the right of making dispositions of the family property by mortgage, sale, or will. See McLennan, The Patriarchal Theory (1885).