fundus

fundus , ī, m.: the bottom, 2.419; depth, abyss, 6.581; the ground; a farm; fundō, from the foundation, 10.88.

fundus, i, m. [Sanscr. budh-nas, ground; Gr. πυθμήν, πύνδαξ; O. H. Germ. Bodam; Germ. Boden; v. fodio], the bottom of any thing (class.).

• I Lit.
• • A In gen.: armarii fundum exsecuit, the bottom of the chest, Cic. Clu. 64, 179: ollae, Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 60: scyphi, Dig. 41, 1, 26: (Aetna) fundo exaestuat imo, from the lowest bottom, Verg. A. 3, 577; cf.: imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo, id. ib. 2, 419: amnis fundo carens, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 122: maris, Vulg. Judith, 5, 12: calicis, id. Isa. 51, 17.—Prov.: largitio fundum non habet, there is no end of giving, Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55.—*
  • • 2 Transf. (pars pro toto), a cup: hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi, Mart. 8, 6, 9.—
  • B In partic., a piece of land, a farm, estate (syn.: praedium, villa): fundi appellatione omne aedificium et omnis ager continetur; sed in usu urbana aedificia aedes, rustica villae dicuntur; locus vero sine aedificio in urbe area, rure autem ager appellatur: idemque ager cum aedificio fundus dicitur, Dig. 50, 16, 211; Cic. Agr. 3, 2 fin.: cum inprobata sit eorum sententia qui putaverint furtivum fundum fieri posse, Gai. Inst. 2, 51; cf.: non hominum tantum neque rerum moventium ... sed fundi quoque et aedium fieri furtum, Masur. Sab. ap. Gell. 11, 18, 13: cui nostrum non licet fundos nostros obire? Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 249: nunquam tam mane egredior, quin te in fundo conspicer fodere, Ter. Heaut. 68; Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 224; Cic. Caecin. 36, 104; id. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119; id. Fam. 13, 69, 2; Quint. 4, 2, 131: dulcia poma feret cultus tibi fundus, Hor. S. 2, 5, 13 et saep.: euge, fundi et aedes, per tempus subvenistis mihi, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 84 (178); cf.: si quidem habes fundum atque aedis, id. ib. 1, 2, 75 (169): nostri fundi calamitas, Ter. Eun. 79: quasi non fundis exornatae multae incedant per vias, i. e. with the price of a farm, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 42 (222): unumne fundum pulcherrimum populi Romani, disperire patiemini? Cic. Agr. 2, 29, 80: nunc is nobis fundus est, i. e. ex quo fructus capiamus, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 15 (725) Spengel ad loc.— Prov.: fundum alienum arat, incultum familiarem deserit, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 24 (874).—
• II Trop.
• • A In gen.: fluxas Phrygiae res vertere fundo, i. e. from its foundation, = funditus, Verg. A. 10, 88: cenae, the principal dish, Gell. 17, 8, 2.—
  • B In partic., publicists’ t. t., qs. one who lays the foundation for the decision of a thing, one that approves a thing or ratifies it, the approver (syn. auctor): fundus dicitur populus esse rei, quam alienat, hoc est auctor, Paul. ex Fest. p. 89 Müll.: non ut hujus sententiae legisque fundus fierem, Gell. 19, 8, 12: negat ex foederato populo quemquam potuisse, nisi is populus fundus factus esset, in hanc civitatem venire, etc., Cic. Balb. 8, 19 (where Cicero gives to this legal principle another meaning); cf.: quid enim potuit dici imperitius quam foederatos populos fieri fundos oportere? id. ib. 8, 20; 11, 27; 18, 42: municipes sunt cives Romani ex municipiis, legibus suis et suo jure utentes ... neque ulla populi Romani lege astricti, nisi populus eorum fundus factus est, Gell. 16, 13, 6.—
  • • 2 Transf. (ante- and post-class., and rare): ut, quae cum ejus filio egi, ei rei fundus pater sit potior, may officially confirm, Plaut. Trin. 5, 1, 7 (1121); cf. Gell. 19, 8, 12; and Paul. ex Fest. p. 89 Müll. supra.

fundus, ī, m. (altind. budhná-h, Grund, Boden, griech. πυθμήν, ahd. bodam, Boden), der Grund, Boden, I) im allg.: 1) eig. u. übtr.: a) eig.: α) eines Gefäßes usw., armarii, Cic.: ollae, Plin.: vas acuto fundo et patulo ore, Donat.: dolium a fundo pertusum, Liv.: in imo scrinii fundo, Sidon.: fundum caccabi perforare, Scrib. – β) einer Örtl.: maris, Curt.: amnis, Plin.: (collis) satis latus, Grundfläche, Liv.: aequora ciēre fundo vom Grund aufwühlen, Verg.: exaestuat imo fundo (v. Ätna), Verg. – b) übtr.: cenae, das Hauptgericht, Gell.: largitio non habet fundum, hat keinen Boden = kein Maß u. Ziel, Cic.: vertere fundo, von Grund aus zerstören, Verg.: v. Pers., fundum fieri legis, das Bestehen eines Gesetzes sichern, ein Gesetz genehmigen u. erlassen, Gell.; v. Bundesgenossen, Cic. (vgl. Garatoni Cic. Balb. 8, 19): ei rei pater sit fundus potior, offizielle Autorität, Machtvollkommenheit, Plaut. trin. 1123. – 2) meton., ein Trinkgeschirr, Mart. 8, 6, 9. – II) insbes., Grund u. Boden eines Ackers, Feldes, das Grundstück, Landgut (als liegender Boden), Ter., Cic. u.a.: fundos decem et tres reliquit, Cic.: fundus populi Rom., vom Gebiet um Kapua, Cic.

1 fundus v. 1 funda

2 fundus [CL], ~a, ~um 1 bottom, base (esp. of vessel, inside or outside). b (removable) bottom, end (in quot., of barrel). c bottom, lower limit. [Antipodae] imum orbis ~um ad nostra vestigia sursum directis pedibus calcant Lib. Monstr. I 53; Aldh. VirgV 1332 (v. dea a); si impleatur languena aqua usque ad ~um, et cooperiatur ut aer non possit ingredi, si fiat foramen in ~o, non exit inde aqua Quaest. Salern. Ba 112; 1313 (v. esmallare); 1352 (v. esmale 2b); 1390 (v. domicella 1a); a ~a patelle SB 22 (v. fuligo a); 1404 ij pelves argent’ cum armis domini Thome Hatfield in ~o Ac. Durh. 395; MGL I 602 (v. falsus 3c); 1453 pro uno plate argenti deaurati ‥ pro ~o unius pelvis, ponderanti iij uncias dim. ‥ (KR Ac) JRL Bull. XLII 119; evertatur vas et fiat summitas quod fuit in ~o Ripley 216; 1517 j crathera cum una rosa sculpta in ~o Ac. Durh. 293.  b s1178 utroque ~o dolii impetuose evulso Wend. I 113.  c sed merito suo de peccato in peccatum usque in abyssum peccatorum sine ~o, hoc est profundam sine aestimatione, demergatur Anselm (Praesc. 3. 8) II 275; fons es lactis nunquam arens, / puteusque fundo carens / et abissus melea Walt. Wimb. Virgo 109. 2 base (on which something may be raised up), esp. ground, foundation, footings. b floor, storey. c background, in quot. backing-cloth. lolia, quodam levi conamine passim per locorum spatia neglegenter respersa, ~otenus explodant B. V. Dunst. 1; s1147 inceptumque Henrici municipium ~otenus diruit G. Steph. II 110; 1193 pro deambulatoriis circa castellum, et lapide et palo, et ~is, et fossa reparanda, et ponte kernelando Pipe 83; 1306 (v. 2 hulcus); 1326 in emendac[ione] ~arum Sacr. Ely II 59; 1336 (v. essewera 1); 1424 (v. hospitari 4); 1447 in prima posicione lapidis in ~o ejusdem orrii Ac. Durh. 145; J. et S. ‥ ville de Perth muros usque ad ~um solotenus prostraverunt Plusc. IX 28 (cf. Fordun XIII 25: usque ad solum); altitudo dicte ecclesie continet lxxxvj pedes extra muros ab area ~i dicte ecclesie W. Worc. Itin. 272; hoc ~um, A. growndwalle WW.  b 1372 construetur ‥ una fenestra artificialiter constructa inter primum ~um et secundum Building in Eng. app. 445.  c 13‥ item j vestimentum integrum cum iij capis de panno de auro ~o nigro cum stellis albis in solo veridi et leopardis intextis de auro Invent. Norw. 20. 3 (naut.) keel (of ship). b (Cont.) payment in respect of ship. ~o, fundamento compono, vel una pars navis, vel maris GlH F 1023; 1295 in ij grundis emptis xij s. in eches et brondes xxij s. in ij lignis ad ~um xxiij s. iiij d. (KR Ac 5/7 m. 1) Sea Terms I 60; 1296 item in uno ligno empto de Johanne de Burgo de longitudine lvj pedum ad ~um galee xx s. item in uno ligno empto de Elya de Donwyco ad ~um ejusdem galee de longitudine lij pedum xx s. Ac. Galley Newcastle 162.  b 1401 (v. datium); 1418 ire et redire absque solucione alicujus ‥ ~i navis aut cujuscunque exaccionis Mon. Hib. & Scot. 370a. 4 space in lowest part (of vessel, well, building, boat, or sim.). b (anat.) lower part (of bodily organ). c deep, depths (of water or the sea). bufones casu illatos in ~o navium invenerunt Gir. TH I 29; item si post urina cum ypostasi alba et in ~o cum bonis differentiis, signum est complete digestionis Ric. Med. Signa 36; 1238 omnes clericos qui capti fuerint pro transgressione nuper illata domino legato ‥ poni faciatis in ~o gaiole Cl 47; c1250 in ~o ecclesie (v. hoapitiolum 1a); 1269 permittebant ipsum sedere super quandam formam in gayola ipsius Petri que plena est aqua in ~o SelPlForest 50 (cf. ib. 52: gaiolam ‥ que est plena aqua in ~o); 1323 in stipendio j hominis querentis ‥ hauritorium in fondo fontis ibidem qui ceciderat in eodem per fraccionem funis MinAc 1147/11 A. 2; 1336 (v. effortiare 2a).  b Ric. Med. Anat. 231 (v. diaphragms); Gilb. II 15. 2 (v. declivosus); Gad. 77v. 2 (v. deprimere 1a); piloron ‥ ventris, i. ~us stomachi Alph. 145.  c humidus in fundo, tranat qua piscis, aquoso Aldh. Aen. 56 (Castor) 5; ecce repentinus pontus fundo tenus undis / fremuit Frith. 359; R. Cold. Cuthb. 32 (v. demergere 2a); pisciculos in ~o fluctuum latitantes Gir. TH I 16; Sacrob. Sph. 81 (v. disgregatio c); piscis qui videtur in aqua major videtur in ~o aque quam in superficie aque J. Blund An. 108. 5 depth (as measured). 1508 (v. eciare). 6 enclosed land, estate (as source of revenue or means of support). b (dominus ~i) landlord. c (w. dotalis, land as) dowry, endowment. ~os, bocland, landrict GlH F 1021; † a1100 (12c) ecclesias ‥ quas ‥ edificaverunt in proprio ~o terrarum Feod. Durh. lxxvii; a1180 (v. 4 bera); Dial. Scac. I 7A (v. 1 domus 3b); summa que de comitatu requiritur, communiter ab hiis qui in comitatu ~os habent per hidas distribuitur Ib. I 8D; habitantes prope ~os qui corone annominantur aliquam eorum porcionem sibi usurpent et suis possessionibus ascribant ‥ hec dicimus purprestura vel occupata Ib. II 10A; res et opes, fundos, generosi stemmatis ortum, / cum careat subole computat esse nichil Nig. Poems 408; erant preterea in quibusdam ~is episcopii matricule, in quibus non pauci ‥ sustentabantur Ad. Eyns. Hug. IV 3 p. 13; c1200 et licebit ‥ monachis predictum boscum cum ~o fossare et includere Couch. Kirkstall 128; quia ‥ minus lucide de ~o possessionum, lacius diffuso, de terrarum situ, de reddituum censu ‥ hactenua digestum est Chr. Battle 8; 12‥ vj percatas more ‥ cum ~o et ceteris omnibus pertinenciis Ch. Gilb. 68; Bracton 181 (v. divertere 1a); 1285 [salvo] placito de ~o terra que de feodo nostro immediate existit RGasc II 283; c1300 quantum ~us valeat per annum si boscus fuerit prostratus FormMan 26; in ‘fundis’, i. tenementis (J. Bridl) Pol. Poems I 191; [placitum] civile est in quo vertitur pena pecuniaria aut ~i actio ["Sc.: action of gooddes & lands] RegiamM I 1. 2 (cf. ib. 13. 5: quia fructus pendentes pars ~i esse videntur); 1450 si contingat beatias seu animalia alicujus ‥ ~um, agrum, solumve subditi alterius partis ingredi et granum aut herbam ibidem creacentem depascere ‥ RScot 340a; c1520 super ~um quo fundatur ‥ novum molendinum Form. S. Andr. I 99.  b nec latuit res militem, dominum illius ~i Neckam NR I 64; Tovi le Prude, dominus ~i Found. Waltham 5; a1216 habendum dictis canonicis in liberam et puram et perpetuam elemosinam, faciendo inde servicium dominis ~i quod predicte terre [in London] debent AncD A 2329; a1221 faciendo inde servicium dominis ~i quod terra et soppa ‥ annuatim debent Ib. A 1851; 12‥ dominus ~i Cart. Coldstream 27; 1315 (v. eswarda 1).  c c1260 beneficio senatus consulti Velleyani et etiam legis Julie ~i dotalis Melrose 327; cum ~o dotali Lyndw. 281 e (v. dotalis). 7 (math.) fundamental number, root (cf. πυθμήν); ~us epitritus, the first two numbers having a ratio 4:3. quorum epitritus ~us quinario conjugatus duas harmonias exhibet, quando numerus diagrammatis hujus solidus fuerit Bradw. CD 460E. 8 (as equivalent to Ar. funduq) ‘fonduk’, hostel, caravanserai. Cf. fundecus. ~us vocatur locus edificatus pro mercatoribus determinate civitatis vel regionis, utpote ~us Janue, ~us Venetiarum, ~us Marcilie, ~us Cathelanorum, et sic de aliis, ad quem debent omnes mercatores illius civitatis ‥ declinare, et mercationes suas ‥ collocare, et hoc semper secundum consulem disponitur S. Sim. Itin. 27; communiter quelibet Christianorum civitas maritima habet ~um in civitate ipsa et consulem. in ‥ deserto semper in fine cujualibet diete reperitur locus muratus, qui ~us nuncupatur, ubi omnes transeuntes possunt requiescere tute et absque aliquo tributo . ‥ que omnia sunt facta per soldanum Ib. 91.

fundus, (8) ī, m. , ¶ 1 le fond : [dʼune marmite] Plin. 15, 60 ; [dʼune armoire] Cic. Clu. 179 ; [prov.] largitio fundum non habet Cic. Off. 2, 55, la libéralité est un gouffre sans fond, ne connaît pas de mesure || fonds de terre, bien-fonds, domaine, bien, propriété : Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 119 ; Agr. 3, 8 ; 9 ; de Or. 1, 249 ¶ 2 [fig.] a) fond dʼune coupe, coupe : Mart. 8, 6, 9 ; b) fond, partie essentielle : [dʼun repas] Gell. 17, 8, 2 ; c) [poét.] vertere fundo Virg. En. 10, 88, ruiner de fond en comble ; d) [en parl. de pers.] fundum esse ou fieri alicui rei Pl. Trin. 1123 ; alicujus rei Gell. 19, 8, 12, être, se faire le garant dʼune chose (la confirmer, la ratifier) ; [en parl. dʼun peuple] fundum fieri = accepter une loi, souscrire à une loi : Cic. Balbo 19 ; 20 ; 27 ; 42 ; Gell. 16, 13, 6 ; cf. P. Fest. 89.

fundus , i. m.
庄。田宅。根基。— populus factus 民自服此律例。

Suggest a Translation
See an image

fundus ī, m

• FVD-, the bottom, lowest part: armari fundum exsecuit: maris, Cu.: Nereus ciet aequora fundo, V.: largitio fundum non habet, there is no end of giving.—A piece of land, farm, estate: mancipio fundum accepi: in fundo Fodere, T.: latis otia fundis, V.: cultus, H.: nostri fundi calamitas, T.: pulcherrimus populiR.— Fig., a bottom, foundation: Phrygiae res vertere fundo (i. e. funditus), V.—In public law, an authority, approver: nisi is populus fundus factus esset.

FUNDUS

FUNDUSThe primary signification of this word appears to be the bottom or foundation of a thing; and its elementary part (fud -) seems to be the same as that of πυθμήν (Curtius, Gr. Etym. 263). Some would include βυθὸς in the comparison; but that word is connected with βαθὺς and βένθος, a different root (ib. 466). The conjectures of the Latin writers as to the etymology of fundus may be safely neglected. Fundus is often used as applied to land, the solid substratum of all man's labours, and means land belonging to a private owner (locus privatus). The land constituting a fundus might be situated either in the town or country (cf. Isid. Orig. 15.13, 4: fundus et urbanum aedificium et rusticum intelligendum est); but fundus commonly means a country estate only. According to Florentinus (Dig. 50, 16.111), the term fundus comprised all land and constructions on it; but usage had restricted the name of aedes to city houses, villae to rural houses, area to a plot of land in a city not built upon, ager to a plot of ground in the country, and fundus to ager cum aedificiis. In its more proper sense, however, ager only includes the arable land of a fundus. This definition of fundus may be compared with the uses of that word by Horace and other writers. In one passage (Ep. 1.2, 47) Horace uses domus with fundus to denote the land and home of a family, domus being apparently there used as equivalent to aedes. The term fundus often occurred in Roman wills and conveyances, the testator frequently indicating the fundus to which his last dispositions referred, by some name such as Sempronianus, Sejanus; sometimes also with reference to a particular tract of country, as fundus Trebatianus qui est in regione Atellana (Brissonius, de Fundis, 7.80). A fundus was sometimes devised cum omni instrumento, with its stock and implements of husbandry. Occasionally a question arose as to the extent of the word instrumentum between or among the parties who derived their claim from a testator (Dig. 33, 17, 12).

Fundus has a derived sense which flows easily enough from its primary meaning. Fundus, says Festus, dicitur, populus esse rei, quam alienat, hoc est auctor [ACTOR]. Compare Plautus, Trin. 5.1, 7 (fundus potior). In this sense fundus esse is to warrant or confirm a thing; and in Gellius (Gell. 19.8) there is the expression sententiae legisque fundus subscriptorque fieri.

[G.L] [E.A.W]