porticus

portĭcus, ūs, f. (also heteroclit. acc. plur. PORTICOS, Inscr. Orell. 4043) [porta], a walk covered by a roof supported on columns, a colonnade, piazza, arcade, gallery, porch, portico, = στοά.

• I Lit.: omnes porticus commetiri, Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 7 (910): porticum aedificare, id. ib. 3, 2, 69 (758); Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14: inambulare in porticu, id. Rep. 1, 12, 18: viae latae, porticus, etc., id. ib. 3, 31, 43: porticuum laxitas, Suet. Calig. 37: porticuum, id. Dom. 14; Vitr. 5, 1: in amplis porticibus, Verg. A. 3, 353; cf. id. ib. 2, 528: me porticus excepit, Hor. S. 1, 4, 134; id. Ep. 1, 1, 71: porticus, in quā gestetur dominus, Juv. 7, 178: triplex, Vulg. Ezech. 42, 3.—In the upper story, Dig. 39, 2, 47.—
• II Transf. *
• • A The entrance or porch of a tent (poet.): saucii opplent porticus, the porches, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38.—
  • B A weather-board, shed, Col. 9 praef. § 2; 9, 7, 4; 9, 14, 14.—
  • • 2 A long shed or gallery to protect soldiers in sieges, Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 3.—
    • 3 The Porch or Portico, meaning the school of the Stoics (from στοά, porch, the place where Zeno taught); hence, transf., the Stoic philosophy, the Stoics: Chrysippus, qui fulcire putatur porticum Stoicorum, Cic. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 24, 75; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 44: clamat Zeno et tota illa porticus tumultuatur, Cic. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Ac. 3, 7; Gell. 12, 5, 10.

porticus, ūs, f. (porta), der Säulengang, die Säulenhalle, die Galerie, die Halle, griech. στοά, I) eig. u. meton.: 1) eig.: a) übh.: et balineae et ambulacrum et porticus, Cic.: viae latae, porticus, templa, Cic.: paululum inambulavisse in porticu, Cic.: illos porticibus rex accipiebat in amplis, Verg.: aestivas praestabit porticus umbras, Mart. – im oberen Stockwerk, utrisque (aedibus) porticum superposuisse, ICt. – b) = βασιλική, die Gerichtshalle, in der sich das Tribunal des Prätors befand, Cic. Verr. 4, 86. – 2) meton., die nach der Halle (στοά) benannte stoische Philosophie, stoische Sekte, Chrysippus, qui fulcire putatur porticum Stoicorum, Cic.: insanum Chrysippi porticus et grex autumat, Hor.: clamat Zeno et tota illa porticus tumultuatur, Cic. fr.: ex eadem porticu prudentiores homines, Gell.: porticus Atticae, Tert. de testim. anim. 1. – II) übtr.: A) die Halle = der Vorplatz eines Zeltes, saucii opplent porticus, Enn. fr. scen. 165. – B) Plur. porticus, Galerien, Laufgänge, durch Zusammenstellen einer Anzahl von vineae gebildet, unter deren Schutz die Dammarbeiter das Material zum Damm herbeischaffen, Caes. b. c. 2, 2, 3. – C) das Wetterdach, Colum. 9, 7, 4 u. 14, 14. – D) die oberste Reihe Sitze im Amphitheater, die bedeckt und für die ärmeren Bürger bestimmt war, Calp. 7, 47. – ➳ porticus masc., Petron. 77; nach der 2. Deklin. als masc., Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 333 (wo porticus, qui est etc.): dah. Akk. Plur. porticos, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 5348: binos porticos, Corp. inscr. Lat. 2, 3420. – Genet. Plur. synk. porticum, Vitr. 5, 1, 6 codd.

porticus [CL as 4th decl. f. & m. ML also 2nd decl.], ~a 1 covered structure, portico, porch; b (fig.). haec nimis alta domus ‥ / ‥ / pulchraque porticibus fulget circumdata multis Alcuin SS Ebor 1511; ~us, hwommas GlP 574; hec [domus Pantheon] ‥ habet ~um spaciosam multis ‥ columpnis ‥ sustentatam Greg. Mir. Rom. 21; in ~u ante hiemale palatium ‥ pape Ib. 32; corpus aule vestibulo muniatur, juxta quod porticus [gl.: portice, une curt, porche] honeste sit disposita Neckam Ut. 109; cum ‥ ad ~um jam pervenissent ecclesiam ingressuri Ad. Eyns. Hug. V 11 p. 140; 1242 in ‥ ~io inter cameram regine et capellam suam et porta nova in introitu camere sue Pipe 176; ~am ante hostium camere ‥ et ‥ ~am ante hostium des Boms ‥ fieri faciatis RGasc I 255a; 1478 carpentario pro factura unius ~e ad ostium ‥ iiij s. Cant. Coll. Ox. II 203.  b in quadam ac si angusta timoris ~u luctabantur Gildas EB 1 p. 27. 2 (eccl.) side-chapel. sepultus est ‥ Benedictus in ~u beati Petri, ad orientem altaris Hist. Abb. Jarrow 18; in ~u [v. l. ~o] sancti Martini intro ecclesiam ‥ sepultus Bede HE II 5 p. 90; 802 quicquid spatii vel in ~ibus vel in atriis vel in domibus vel in arcis ad ecclesiam adjacentibus pertinet Alcuin Ep. 245 p. 396; ad venerationem sancti cui ~us [AS: portic] ad quam itur dedicata est RegulC 19; s738 requiescunt ambo sub unius ~i tectum Æthelw. II 15 p. 22; sepultus est cum fratre suo in una ~u apud Eboracum W. Malm. GP III 112; fractum est totum ‥ excepto ~o uno et magno altari Ann. Wint. 37; item altari beate Marie ejusdem ecclesie in boriali ~u do et lego vj s. viij d. ‥ item fabrice ~us ubi filii mei sepeliuntur do et lego xx s. (Test.) Feod. Durh. 5b.. 3 (cf. CL portus) port, harbour, or ? harbour-gate. 1397 citra mare ex opposito ~um de Kyngeston’ CalPat 80.

portĭcŭs, (9) ūs, f. (porta), ¶ 1 portique, galerie (passage couvert) à colonnes : Cic. Att. 4, 16, 13 ; Rep. 1, 18 ; 3, 43 || [en part.] portique [où se trouvait le tribunal du préteur] : Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 86 ¶ 2 le portique [dernières places de lʼamphithéâtre] : Calp. Ecl. 7, 47 ¶ 3 le portique, la doctrine des Stoïciens, la secte de Zénon : Cic. Ac. 2, 75 ; Hor. S. 2, 3, 44 || [poét.] lʼentrée dʼune tente : Enn. d. Cic. Tusc. 2, 38 ¶ 4 galerie couverte [pour la guerre de siège] : Cæs. C. 2, 2, 3 || [en gén.] toit, auvent, abri : Col. Rust. 9, 14, 14.

porticus , us. f.
遊廊。帳房。廡。— Stoicorum 儒家名。

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porticus ūs, f

• porta, a covered walk between columns, colonnade, piazza, arcade, gallery, porch, portico: Nostin porticum apud macellum?T.: inambulare in porticu: in amplis porticibus, V.: me porticus excepit, H.: porticus, in quā Gestetur dominus, Iu.—Plur, a shed, gallery(to protect soldiers in a siege), Cs.—The Porch, Stoa, school of the Stoics: fulcire porticum Stoicorum, i. e. the Stoic philosophy.

PORTICUS

PO´RTICUS(στοὰ) is a building of which the roof is supported at least on one side by columns; it is thus open to the air, but protected from sun and rain. The simplest form of portico has one row of columns on the outside, and a wall at the back; in this form στοαὶ frequently surround temples or enclose an open space, such as an ἀγορά: especially in Ionia these porticoes surrounding the ἀγορὰ were erected with great magnificence. A στοὰ might also have one or two interior rows of columns, dividing it into two or three aisles, and thus an extensive covered space was provided; in this case it was usual for the intervals between the interior columns to be double that between the exterior ones. Another form was divided by a wall instead of a row of columns, and thus two single porticoes were produced, set back to back (Paus. 6.24). Στοαὶ were frequently adorned with paintings, either on the back wall or affixed to it; hence the name ποικίλη is applied to one at Athens, and another at Olympia: this last, as well as one at Hermione, had also the name of the Echo-stoa from its acoustic properties (Paus. 5.21; 2.35-Z2). Statues were frequently placed in front of porticoes, and sometimes were placed, to adorn the portico itself, above the columns; so figures of Persians at Sparta (Paus. 3.11). Greek stoae were named from their character, ποικίλη, μακρά, Περσική, or from their purpose, βασίλειος, where the archon basileus held his court, ἀλφιτόπωλις, probably at the Piraeus (Schol. Ar. Ach. 547); later also from those who erected them, as those of Eumenes and Attalus in Athens. Beside their official or commercial uses, στοαὶ in Athens also served as covered resorts for meeting and conversation; thus Zeno frequented the Stoa Poecile, after which his followers were called the Stoics. Porticoes were also attached to gymnasia and to baths.

The numerous porticoes in Rome were erected in imitation of the Greek, and served similar purposes, both public and private. Some were already erected during the later centuries of the Republic (e. g. Octavia, 168 B.C.; Metelli, 146 B.C.). But especially in imperial times they were constructed of extraordinary extent and richness. They were also a favourite addition to the private houses of rich Romans. Porticoes in Rome were usually named after their founder, the temples or other buildings they were near, their use (e.g. argentaria) or their decoration (argonautarum). When they surrounded a forum, Vitruvius observes (5.1) that the intercolumniation should be wider than in Greek examples, for facility in seeing spectacula. [See AGORA; DOMUS. ]

[E.A.G]

Portĭcus

The Roman name for a colonnade. The porticoes of ancient Rome must not be regarded as isolated structures, but as really forming a great connected maze of sheltered walks, in which one could cross, for instance, the whole Campus Martius, or go in a direct line from the Forum Boarium to the Mausoleum of Hadrian, a distance of more than two miles. Professor Lanciani estimates the space covered by the twelve larger porticoes of the Campus Martius as 4600 square yards, the surface protected from sun and rain as 28,000 square yards, and the total area of the porticoes, including the central gardens, as 100,000 square yards. These porticoes were decorated with columns of marble adorned with gilded bronze, and their pavements were inlaid with jasper and porphyry. Each one contained a gallery of sculpture and a collection of paintings, while the space which they enclosed was beautified by gardens, lakes, groves, fountains, and water-falls. There were also museums within their walls, such as one of natural history (in the Portico of the Septa), of Oriental curiosities (in the same), and of wigs and specimens of hair-dressing (in the Portico of Marcius Philippus). See Lanciani, Ancient Rome, ch. iv. (Boston, 1888); and stoa.