carbasus

carbăsus, i, f. (m., Val. Max. 1, 1, 7; acc. sing. n. carbasum leve, Pacat. Paneg. in Theod. 33); plur. heterocl. carbăsa, ōrum, n. (acc. m. carbasos supremos, Amm.14, 8, 14), = κάρπασος [Heb. ; Sanscr. karpāsa, cotton],

• very fine Spanish flax (unwrought or woven), fine linen, cambric, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 10; Cat. 64, 227; plur. carbasa, Col. 10, 17 (Bip. galbana).—
• II Transf., of things made of carbasus,
• • A A fine linen garment, Verg. A. 8, 34 Serv.; cf. Non. p. 541, 13 sq.; Curt. 8, 9, 21; Val. Max. 1, 1, 7; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 11, 54.—In plur.: carbasa, Ov. M. 11, 48; Luc. 3, 239; Val. Fl. 6, 225, and adj.: carbasa lina, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 64.—
  • B A curtain, Lucr. 6, 109.—
  • C A sail, as the Engl. canvas, Enn. Ann. 560 Vahl.; Verg. A. 3, 357; 4, 417.—In plur., Ov. M. 6, 233; 11, 477; 13, 419; 14, 533; id. H. 7, 171; id. F. 3, 587; Luc. 3, 596 al.—
  • D The Sibylline books, written upon linen, Claud. B. Get. 232.

carbasus, ī, f. (κάρπασος, feiner Flachs, das wieder aus altind. karpasa - ḥ, Baumwolle), Plur. gew. heterokl. carbasa, ōrum, n. (κάρπασα, τά), ein feines, urspr. oriental. Gewebe aus Baumwolle, Musselin, Nesseltuch, aber gew. übtr. = ein feines Gewebe aus Linnen, Batist, Kammertuch, als Gewand, Curt., Prop. u.a. (vgl. Mützell Curt. 8, 9 [31], 21. p. 776). – als Segel, Catull., Verg. u.a.: carbasa Punica, Claud.: carbasa substringere (einziehen), Mart.: carbasa ventus inflaret, Cassiod.: iam carbasa tendebantur, Hier.: u. a fundamento ipso carinae ad supremos ipsos carbasos, Amm. – als über das Theater ausgespanntes Segeltuch, Lucr. 6, 109. – als Scharpie, Scrib. 227. – als Leinwand zu Büchern, Claud. bell. Get. 232. – ➳ Sing. carbasum, ī, n., Pacat. pan. 33, 4. – carbasus als masc., Val. Max. 1, 1, 7. Prud. c. Symm. 1. praef. 48 u. (Plur.) Amm. 14, 8, 14. – Adjekt., carbasa lina, Batistmusselin, Prop. 4, 3, 64.

carbasus [pl.], ~a [CL < κάρπασος] , sail. ~us, seglbosm GlC C 229 (cf. Erf. 2. 272. 64: ~us, tumor veli a vento factus); algida ventosis crepitabant carbasa flabris Aldh. CE 3. 22; versus Flandriam intenderunt ~a W. Malm. GP I 51; suspendere ~a conati Id. GR IV 306; ~a tendunt Ketel J. Bev. 290; antennas summiserunt angustissimoque ~i sinu turbines excipientes ‥ navem juvabant W. Cant. Mir. Thom. III 42; ~us a malo profluxerat Ib. IV 14; non fluxa sinu tumuere superbo [v. l. secundo] / carbasa J. Exon. BT I 77; carbasa mota sonant, jubet uti navita ventis Gower VC I 1939; tanta †carbosa novum pingencia paradisum Ps.-Elmh. Hen. V 19.

carbăsus, (13) ī, f. (pl. -sa, ōrum, n. , fréquent à partir dʼ Ov. ) (κάρπασος), espèce de lin très fin ; [dʼoù] vêtement de lin : Virg. En. 8, 34 ; Prop. 4, 11, 54 || voile tendue dans les théâtres : Lucr. 6, 109 || voile de navire : deducere carbasa Ov. M. 6, 233, déployer les voiles ; inflatur carbasus Austro Virg. En. 3, 357, lʼAuster enfle la voile || navire : Val. Flacc. 1, 8 || les livres sibyllins [écrits sur du lin] : Claud. Get. 232, v. linteus.

➳ carbasus, m. Val. Max. 1, 1, 7 ; m. pl. Amm. 14, 8, 14 || carbasum, n. sing. Pacat. Pan. Theod. 33 || adj^t carbasa lina Prop. 4, 3, 64, lin fin.

carbasus , i. f. plur. carbasa, orum. n.
細麻。船帆。帳。

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carbasus . v. carbasinus.


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carbasus ī, f plur.carbasa, ōrum, n

• , κάρπασος, fine flax, fine linen, Ct.—Hence, a garment of fine linen, V.: carbasa, O. — A sail, canvas (poet.), V.: carbasa deducere, O. — As adj.: carbasa lina, embroidered cloth, Pr.

CARBASUS

CAR´BASUS(κάρπασος), cotton, from Sansk. karpâsa, was an Eastern product, originally called ἔρια ἀπὸ ξύλου (cf. German Baumwolle), superior in beauty and quality to the wool of sheep (Hdt. 3.106). Herodotus also mentions it in his account of the corslet Amasis of Egypt had given the Lacedaemonians (3.47). It was brought by the Phoenicians into Spain: and indeed Pliny (Plin. Nat.19.10) is of opinion that it was originally found near Tarraco. The Greeks first got a real knowledge of it from the expedition of Alexander (Strab. 693, 694; Plin. Nat.12.38ff.). It is described by Theophrastus (H. P. 4, 9 init., ed. Budaeus a Stempel, and of his notes, pp. 425 ff.) and by Pliny in various passages. The Latin term Pliny uses (12.39) is gossypium. The common kind, grown in India, had small leaves like a mulberry, buds like a dog-rose (12.25), and fruit like apples (19.14). The cotton plant among the Arabians and in the island of Tylos in the Persian Gulf had a gourd-like fruit about the size of quince apples, and was called cyna (12. § § 38, 39; cf. Theophr. l. c.). The finest cotton was got in Egypt; its fruit presented the appearance of nux barbata, and from the fine substance within the husk the yarn was spun. The Egyptian priests used to wear garments made of this cotton. The article is called κάρπασος in Schol. on Ar. Lys. 736, and is mentioned by Caecilius Statius (ap. Non. 548, 15) about 180 B.C. This seems to be the earliest time we hear of cotton at Rome: for we cannot suppose the Vestal in Prop. 5.3, 54, to have really worn a cotton garment. Carbasus was used at Rome not only for articles of dress, but also for tent curtains (Cic. Ver. 5.1. 2, § 30), sails (Verg. A. 3.357), awnings in the theatre (Lucr. 6.109). There was no great distinction maintained in ordinary language between cotton and linen (Catull. 64, 227; Prop. 5.3, 64: cf. also Becker-Göll, Charikles, 3.233 ; Gallus, 3.289), and σινδὼν ( Indian muslin) is confused with linen stuffs (Auson. Epp. parecbas. 2, puer eia surge et calceos et linteam da sindonem). Ὀθόνη ] is not the same as κάρπασος in that it does not apply to the same article, and is used of any fabric woven from byssus flax or cotton (Marq. Privat. 473). In Malta there were a great many manufactories of ὀθόνια (Diod. 5.12) which were called vestis melitensis at Rome (Cic. Ver. 2.7. 2, § 176; 74.183). This may have been cotton brought by the Phoenician colonists (Mövers, 2.2, 347; Blümner, Gewerb. Thätigkeit, p. 125), or, as Yates (Textrinum, p. 286) thinks, linen. Silius indeed (14.250) speaks of telâque superba lanigerâ Melite; but, in the confusion of ideas that existed among the average Romans between linen and cotton, this does not prove much. Raw cotton was used as stuffing for pillows and bolsters (τύλαι) at Tralles, Antinoopolis, and Damascus: see Ed. Diocl. 18.46, ed. Wadd., p. 41, and a secondary meaning of tula in Sansk. is cotton. The Macedonians with Alexander had already (Strab. 693) used it as stuffing for pillows and padding for saddles (ἀντὶ κναφάλλων καὶ τῆς σάγμασι σαγῆς). On the subject of cotton among the ancients, see Marquardt, Röm. Privatleben, pp. 470-474. For the botany of cotton, see Royle, Culture of Cotton in India, pp. 136 sqq.

[L.C.P]

Carbăsus

(κάρπασος). Cotton; an Eastern product, originally called tree-wool (ἔρια ἀπὸ ξύλου), like the German Baumwolle. See Herod. iii. 106; and ib. 47. It was brought by the Phoenicians into Spain. The Greeks gained their first real knowledge of it at the time of the Indian expedition of Alexander the Great, after which its use became general. The finest cotton came from Egypt, where the priests wore cotton garments; and from Arabia. Caecilius Statius mentions cotton at Rome as early as B.C. 180, and later it was used not only for articles of clothing, but for tentcurtains, awnings, sails, etc. (See Plin. H. N. xii. 39; xix. 10; Verr. v. 12. 30; Verg. Aen. iii. 357; Lucret. vi. 109.) There were manufactories of cotton goods in Malta, whence cotton clothing was called vestis Melitensis at Rome ( Verr. ii. 72. 176 et al.). Raw cotton was used for stuffing pillows in the East, and the Macedonians filled their saddles with it (Strabo, 693). Pliny speaks of cotton under the name gossypium (xii. 39). The word carbasus is Indian, the Sanskrit form being karpAsa. On the use of cotton by the ancients, see Marquardt, Privatleben, pp. 470-474.