with
with
prep.
P. and V. μετά̆ (gen.), σύν (dat.) (Dem. 823, but rare in P. except in a few phrases, as σὺν ὅπλοις).
Together with: P. and V. ἅ̆μᾰ (dat.), ὁμοῦ (dat.) (rare P.).
Be with, v.: P. and V. σῠνεῖναι (dat. or absol.).
Bring one into odium with: use P. and V. διᾰβάλλειν τινά (P. and V. dat., P. πρός, acc.).
(Engage, fight) with: P. and V. πρός (acc.).
prep.
P. and V. μετά̆ (gen.), σύν (dat.) (Dem. 823, but rare in P. except in a few phrases, as σὺν ὅπλοις).
Together with: P. and V. ἅ̆μᾰ (dat.), ὁμοῦ (dat.) (rare P.).
Be with, v.: P. and V. σῠνεῖναι (dat. or absol.).
Bring one into odium with: use P. and V. διᾰβάλλειν τινά (P. and V. dat., P. πρός, acc.).
(Engage, fight) with: P. and V. πρός (acc.).
WITH
In connection in common (1) Of common action cum: una cum. We also frequently find the simple ablative with an adjective if the person acting with another is regarded as a means and instrument; e.g. to make a league with anyone foedus facere (etc.) cum aliquo: to walk in the street with anyone una cum aliquo ire in via: to march out with the troops cum copiis egredi: to march out with all the troops omnibus copiis egredi (this construction is common especially after the verbs proficisci venire sequi adesse): I do not know how it will be with me nescio quid me futurum sit: it is all over with me actum est de me! occidi! perii! to come to an end with anything aliquid ponere in fine. ☞ On expressing or omitting cum Vid: Zumpt § 472 - 474 with the notes. (2) Of friendly co-operation or intercourse cum. A verb compounded with cum is followed either by another cum or by a dative; e.g. what have I to do with you? quid mihi tecum est rei? I stand in a connection or in no connection with anybody aliquid or nihil mihi est cum aliquo: to agree with any person or thing cum aliquo cum aliqua re or simply alicui rei consentire; congruere alicui rei or cum aliqua re: to be connected with anyone jungi conjungi alicui or cum aliquo (the participles of which verbs junctus and conjunctus are followed in Cic. also by a simple ablative). If two things are combined by idem (one one and the same) the following “with” is expressed by qui or a conjunction rarely by cum with an ablative (☞ the simple dative is a Grecism and usual only in the poets); e.g. at one time the Academics were one with the Peripatetics Academici et Peripatetici quondam iidem erant. (3) Of union and joint participation (a) in leagues etc. cum. To have an alliance with anyone societatem habere cum aliquo: to co-operate with anyone facere cum aliquo; stare cum aliquo or ab aliquo (cum denotes mutual operation but a represents one party as active the other as quiescent): to carry on war with one party against another cum aliquo bellum gerere adversus aliquem: (b) = by means of (α) a person per with an accusative; alicujus opera; alicujus opere auxilio (with the help of); aliquo auctore (after the example of anyone; e.g. I have adopted this reading with Ruhnken *hanc lectionem auctore Ruhnkenio recepi where cum Ruhnkenio would not be Latin). If the person be regarded as a means and instrument in the hand of the subject then we may use also the simple ablative; e.g. Caes. with the legion which he had with him raised the wall to the height of etc. Caes. ea legione quam secum habebat murum perduxit in altitudinem etc. To say with anyone i.e. to employ the words of anyone is expressed in Latin by alicujus verbis uti (☞ not as in modern Latin by cum aliquo loqui) e.g. to say with Horace ut Horatii verbis utar (Vid: Quint. 6 3 23) or simply auctore Horatio (Vid: Cic. Or. 21 69). (β) a thing either by the simple ablative (if a real means or instrument is denoted) or by per with an accusative (if rather the external circumstances concurring with an action the way and manner are to be expressed); e.g. to push with the horn at anyone cornu petere aliquem; with force vi; per vim; with opportunity per occasionem; occasione data; with reproach per contumeliam. (4) Of hostile relations cum: contra adversus with an accusative (against especially where cum would occasion obscurity since it denotes also = “in league with ” etc.); e.g. to fight with anyone pugnare cum aliquo: to carry on war with anyone bellum gerere cum aliquo or contra (adversus) aliquem. After a substantive such as “war ” “battle ” etc. the Latins express “with” also by cum in connection with a participle; e.g. the war with the Gauls bellum cum Gallis gestum (☞ bellum cum Gallis alone would not be right) or by an adjective of the people etc. with whom the war is carried on; e.g. the war with the Gauls bellum Gallicum; or by the genitive of the person with whom the war is carried on; e.g. the war with the pirates bellum praedonum: the war with Pyrrhus Pyrrhi regis bellum.
In company in attendance (1) Of persons cum. The legions which he had lost with Titurius legiones quas cum Titurio amiserat. But if “with” denotes only that an action has reference to several persons the Latins usually employ only a connective particle (et ac atque); only poets and historians use cum for et (as in Greek αὖ for καί); e.g. the women were killed with their children mulieres atque infantes occisi sunt: the general with some of the nobles is taken dux cum aliquot principibus capitur or (as always in the historians) capiuntur. (2) Of things cum. The Latins frequently express this “with” (i.e. furnished supplied etc. with) by participles; e.g. indutus aliqua re (clothed with); portans aliquid (carrying); manu gerens aliquid (having in the hand); addita or admixta aliqua re (with the additional admixture of): with a ladder cum scalis; scalis instructus; scalas portans: with a club (in the hand) cum clava; clavam manu gerens: to give anyone water (mixed) with salt dare alicui aquam cum sale or dare alicui aquam addito or admixto sale.
Of contemporaneity (a) With a person cum; e.g. he was in Cilicia with me as military tribune fuit in Cilicia mecum tribunus militum. (b) With a thing cum; e.g. with these words he returned to Rome cum his Romam rediit. Hence also of contemporaneous and immediate operations and consequences cum; non sine; e.g. with pleasure (to hear etc.) cum voluntate: with great danger cum or non sine magno periculo: with great care cum magna cura. In many cases however the Latins have proper adverbs for such expressions; e.g. with care diligenter: with prudence prudenter: with truth vere: or they employ a participial construction: as with the neglect of all things omnibus rebus postpositis: with speed adhibita celeritate.
According to in consideration of in consequence of secundum (to denote agreement): e or ex (to denote causality): pro (to denote relation and a standard by which anything is to be measured): in with the ablative (suggesting the presence of a property or quality in consequence of which something happens). With your dignity you cannot act otherwise pro dignitate tua non aliter agere poteris: with your great learning you will not overlook this in tanta tua doctrina hoc non praetermittes. But Latin writers use pro etc. only in speaking of a definite measure or degree of any property or quality: when the idea is indefinite they turn the expression by using a relative pronounor some other circumlocution; e.g. I hope that with your prudence and moderation you are well again spero quae tua prudentia et temperantia est te jam valere: with your prudence nothing will escape you qua es prudentia te nihil effugiet: with his character I by no means know whether he will change his mind haud scio hercle ut homo est an mutet animum: with his madness ut est dementia (Ter. Ad. 3 3 35).
Notwithstanding in with the ablative; e.g. with all the variety of their views they all desired a king in variis voluntatibus regem tamen omnes volebant: with great debts they have also greater property magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent. Or the idea is changed into a verbal proposition with licet or quamquam; e.g. with all his prudence he was however deceived licet prudentissimus esset tamen deceptus est: with his great services to the state he could not however attain the consulship licet optime meritus esset de republicā consulatum tamen consequi non poterat.
In company or together with (denoting concomitancy): cum: apud (for which we frequently find ad; Vid: Held. Caes. B.C. 3 60: Herzog Caes. B.G. 3 9; Grotefend § 126 Obs. 8; Zumpt § 296): penes; often also by the simple genitive or dative. To dwell with anyone habitare cum aliquo (together with one) or apud aliquem (in his house): to dine with anyone cenare apud aliquem: to be brought up with any one in alicujus domo educari: to have one always with him aliquem sibi affixum habere: to be always with one ab aliquo or ab alicujus latere non discedere: he was with me today hodie ad me erat.
In the language in the estimation or opinion of apud: ad. With our ancestors apud majores nostros: to be with all nations sacred and inviolable ad omnes nationes sanctum esse: with Xenophon (in his works) apud Xenophontem (☞ not in Xenophonte): Segesta which with the Greeks is Egesta Segesta quae Graecis Egesta est: with us this is considered a crime id nostris moribus nefas habetur.
With reference to apud. To avail much with anyone multum valere magna in gratia esse apud aliquem.
In the hand or power of; e.g. with God nothing is impossible per Deum omnia fieri possunt: it rests with me penes me est. ☞ At the end of a clause after an infinitive with = with which; e.g. “a knife to cut with ” = “a knife with which one may cut.” You have persons to joke with habes quibuscum jocari possis. He consults the Senate what they would wish to have done with those who etc. refert quid de iis fieri placeat qui etc. (Liv.).
In connection in common (1) Of common action cum: una cum. We also frequently find the simple ablative with an adjective if the person acting with another is regarded as a means and instrument; e.g. to make a league with anyone foedus facere (etc.) cum aliquo: to walk in the street with anyone una cum aliquo ire in via: to march out with the troops cum copiis egredi: to march out with all the troops omnibus copiis egredi (this construction is common especially after the verbs proficisci venire sequi adesse): I do not know how it will be with me nescio quid me futurum sit: it is all over with me actum est de me! occidi! perii! to come to an end with anything aliquid ponere in fine. ☞ On expressing or omitting cum Vid: Zumpt § 472 - 474 with the notes. (2) Of friendly co-operation or intercourse cum. A verb compounded with cum is followed either by another cum or by a dative; e.g. what have I to do with you? quid mihi tecum est rei? I stand in a connection or in no connection with anybody aliquid or nihil mihi est cum aliquo: to agree with any person or thing cum aliquo cum aliqua re or simply alicui rei consentire; congruere alicui rei or cum aliqua re: to be connected with anyone jungi conjungi alicui or cum aliquo (the participles of which verbs junctus and conjunctus are followed in Cic. also by a simple ablative). If two things are combined by idem (one one and the same) the following “with” is expressed by qui or a conjunction rarely by cum with an ablative (☞ the simple dative is a Grecism and usual only in the poets); e.g. at one time the Academics were one with the Peripatetics Academici et Peripatetici quondam iidem erant. (3) Of union and joint participation (a) in leagues etc. cum. To have an alliance with anyone societatem habere cum aliquo: to co-operate with anyone facere cum aliquo; stare cum aliquo or ab aliquo (cum denotes mutual operation but a represents one party as active the other as quiescent): to carry on war with one party against another cum aliquo bellum gerere adversus aliquem: (b) = by means of (α) a person per with an accusative; alicujus opera; alicujus opere auxilio (with the help of); aliquo auctore (after the example of anyone; e.g. I have adopted this reading with Ruhnken *hanc lectionem auctore Ruhnkenio recepi where cum Ruhnkenio would not be Latin). If the person be regarded as a means and instrument in the hand of the subject then we may use also the simple ablative; e.g. Caes. with the legion which he had with him raised the wall to the height of etc. Caes. ea legione quam secum habebat murum perduxit in altitudinem etc. To say with anyone i.e. to employ the words of anyone is expressed in Latin by alicujus verbis uti (☞ not as in modern Latin by cum aliquo loqui) e.g. to say with Horace ut Horatii verbis utar (Vid: Quint. 6 3 23) or simply auctore Horatio (Vid: Cic. Or. 21 69). (β) a thing either by the simple ablative (if a real means or instrument is denoted) or by per with an accusative (if rather the external circumstances concurring with an action the way and manner are to be expressed); e.g. to push with the horn at anyone cornu petere aliquem; with force vi; per vim; with opportunity per occasionem; occasione data; with reproach per contumeliam. (4) Of hostile relations cum: contra adversus with an accusative (against especially where cum would occasion obscurity since it denotes also = “in league with ” etc.); e.g. to fight with anyone pugnare cum aliquo: to carry on war with anyone bellum gerere cum aliquo or contra (adversus) aliquem. After a substantive such as “war ” “battle ” etc. the Latins express “with” also by cum in connection with a participle; e.g. the war with the Gauls bellum cum Gallis gestum (☞ bellum cum Gallis alone would not be right) or by an adjective of the people etc. with whom the war is carried on; e.g. the war with the Gauls bellum Gallicum; or by the genitive of the person with whom the war is carried on; e.g. the war with the pirates bellum praedonum: the war with Pyrrhus Pyrrhi regis bellum.
In company in attendance (1) Of persons cum. The legions which he had lost with Titurius legiones quas cum Titurio amiserat. But if “with” denotes only that an action has reference to several persons the Latins usually employ only a connective particle (et ac atque); only poets and historians use cum for et (as in Greek αὖ for καί); e.g. the women were killed with their children mulieres atque infantes occisi sunt: the general with some of the nobles is taken dux cum aliquot principibus capitur or (as always in the historians) capiuntur. (2) Of things cum. The Latins frequently express this “with” (i.e. furnished supplied etc. with) by participles; e.g. indutus aliqua re (clothed with); portans aliquid (carrying); manu gerens aliquid (having in the hand); addita or admixta aliqua re (with the additional admixture of): with a ladder cum scalis; scalis instructus; scalas portans: with a club (in the hand) cum clava; clavam manu gerens: to give anyone water (mixed) with salt dare alicui aquam cum sale or dare alicui aquam addito or admixto sale.
Of contemporaneity (a) With a person cum; e.g. he was in Cilicia with me as military tribune fuit in Cilicia mecum tribunus militum. (b) With a thing cum; e.g. with these words he returned to Rome cum his Romam rediit. Hence also of contemporaneous and immediate operations and consequences cum; non sine; e.g. with pleasure (to hear etc.) cum voluntate: with great danger cum or non sine magno periculo: with great care cum magna cura. In many cases however the Latins have proper adverbs for such expressions; e.g. with care diligenter: with prudence prudenter: with truth vere: or they employ a participial construction: as with the neglect of all things omnibus rebus postpositis: with speed adhibita celeritate.
According to in consideration of in consequence of secundum (to denote agreement): e or ex (to denote causality): pro (to denote relation and a standard by which anything is to be measured): in with the ablative (suggesting the presence of a property or quality in consequence of which something happens). With your dignity you cannot act otherwise pro dignitate tua non aliter agere poteris: with your great learning you will not overlook this in tanta tua doctrina hoc non praetermittes. But Latin writers use pro etc. only in speaking of a definite measure or degree of any property or quality: when the idea is indefinite they turn the expression by using a relative pronounor some other circumlocution; e.g. I hope that with your prudence and moderation you are well again spero quae tua prudentia et temperantia est te jam valere: with your prudence nothing will escape you qua es prudentia te nihil effugiet: with his character I by no means know whether he will change his mind haud scio hercle ut homo est an mutet animum: with his madness ut est dementia (Ter. Ad. 3 3 35).
Notwithstanding in with the ablative; e.g. with all the variety of their views they all desired a king in variis voluntatibus regem tamen omnes volebant: with great debts they have also greater property magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent. Or the idea is changed into a verbal proposition with licet or quamquam; e.g. with all his prudence he was however deceived licet prudentissimus esset tamen deceptus est: with his great services to the state he could not however attain the consulship licet optime meritus esset de republicā consulatum tamen consequi non poterat.
In company or together with (denoting concomitancy): cum: apud (for which we frequently find ad; Vid: Held. Caes. B.C. 3 60: Herzog Caes. B.G. 3 9; Grotefend § 126 Obs. 8; Zumpt § 296): penes; often also by the simple genitive or dative. To dwell with anyone habitare cum aliquo (together with one) or apud aliquem (in his house): to dine with anyone cenare apud aliquem: to be brought up with any one in alicujus domo educari: to have one always with him aliquem sibi affixum habere: to be always with one ab aliquo or ab alicujus latere non discedere: he was with me today hodie ad me erat.
In the language in the estimation or opinion of apud: ad. With our ancestors apud majores nostros: to be with all nations sacred and inviolable ad omnes nationes sanctum esse: with Xenophon (in his works) apud Xenophontem (☞ not in Xenophonte): Segesta which with the Greeks is Egesta Segesta quae Graecis Egesta est: with us this is considered a crime id nostris moribus nefas habetur.
With reference to apud. To avail much with anyone multum valere magna in gratia esse apud aliquem.
In the hand or power of; e.g. with God nothing is impossible per Deum omnia fieri possunt: it rests with me penes me est. ☞ At the end of a clause after an infinitive with = with which; e.g. “a knife to cut with ” = “a knife with which one may cut.” You have persons to joke with habes quibuscum jocari possis. He consults the Senate what they would wish to have done with those who etc. refert quid de iis fieri placeat qui etc. (Liv.).