ἄναξ

ἄναξ [ᾰ], ἄνακτος (cf. Ἄνακες), ὁ, rarely fem. ὦ ἄνα for ἄνασσα, Pi. P. 12.4, cf. A. Fr. 342: (ϝάναξ IG 4.236 (Corinth), etc., cf. ϝάνακες 4.564 (Argos)):—

• lord, master,
• • • 1 of the gods, esp. Apollo, ἄγουσι δὲ δῶρα Ἄνακτι Il. 1.390, al.; ὁ Πύθιος ἄναξ A. Ag. 509; ἄναξ Ἄπολλον ib. 513, Eu. 85, etc.; ὦναξ Ἄπ. S. OT 80; ὦναξ without Ἄπολλον, Hdt. 1.159, 4.150, al.; of Zeus, Hom. only in voc., Ζεῦ ἄνα Il. 3.351, 16.233; Ζεὺς ἄναξ A. Pers. 762; ἄναξ ἀνάκτων . . Ζεῦ Id. Supp. 524; μὰ τὸν Δία τὸν Ἄνακτα D. 35.40; Poseidon, A. Th. 130; ὦ δέσποτʼ ἄναξ, of Ἀήρ, Ar. Nu. 264; of Apollo Ἀγυιεύς, Id. V. 875; ὦναξ δέσποτα, of Πλοῦτος, Id. Pl. 748; esp. of the Dioscuri, cf. Ἄνακες, Ἄνακοι; of all the gods, πάντων ἀνάκτων . . κοινοβωμίαν A. Supp. 222, cf. Pi. O. 10(11).49.—The irreg. voc. ἄνα (q. v.) is never addressed save to gods; ὦναξ is freq. in Trag. and Com.
  • II of the Homeric heroes, esp. of Agamemnon, as general-in-chief ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀ. Il. 1.442, al. (so Euphetes 15.532, while Ortilochos is called πολέεσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα 5.546):—also as a title of rank, e.g. of Teiresias, Od. 11.144, 151, S. OT 284; of the sons or brothers of kings (υἱεῖς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ καλοῦνται ἄνακτες Arist. Fr. 526, cf. Isoc. 9.72, Clearch. 25, and so of Creon, S. OT 85, cf. 911), and esp. of kings, as Xerxes, A. Pers. 5, Darius, ib. 787, cf. Ag. 42, E. Ph. 17, Or. 349, etc.; βασιλῆι ἄνακτι lord king, Od. 20.194; of the emperors, θεοὶ ἄνακτες IG 14.2012A2, 4.1475 (Epid.).
  • III master of the house, οἴκοιο ἄναξ Od. 1.397; ἀμφὶ ἄνακτα κύνες 10.216; as denoting the relation of master to slave, freq. in Od.; ἄναξ, θεοὺς γὰρ δεσπότας καλεῖν χρεών E. Hipp. 88; of the Cyclops, as owner of flocks, Od. 9.440.
  • IV metaph., κώπης, ναῶν ἄνακτες lords of the oar, of ships, A. Pers. 378, 383; πύλης ἄ. θυρωρέ, of a porter, S. Fr. 775; ἄ. ὅπλων E. IA 1260; ψευδῶν Id. Andr. 447; ὑπήνης Pl.Com. 122; κέντρων, of planets holding cardinal points, Man. 1.66.—Poet. word.

ἄναξ, ἄνακτος, ὁ (vgl. ἀνά, ἄνω), der Oberste, Herr, der Befehlende, im Ggstz der δμῶες, die fremdem Willen unterworfen sind,
1) gewöhnliches Prädicat der Götter bei Hom.; Pind. δώδεκα ἄνακτες θεοί Ol. 11.51, u. sonst, wie Tragg. Bei Sp. vorzugsweise die Dioskuren, s. ἄνακες, auch ἄνακοι. Der unregelmäßige voc. ὦ ἄνα steht nur in dem Anruf an Götter, ebenso ep. u. ion. ὦ ʼναξ, vgl. Eur. Hipp. 88 ἄναξ, θεοὺς γὰρ δεσπότας καλεῖν χρεών.
2) von Menschen, die über Land und Leute gebieten, wenn ihr Besitztum auch gering ist ; auch Tiresias, Od. 11.144, wie die Söhne und Verwandten der Herrscher haben diesen Titel (der bes. nach Arist. bei den Zypriern, zum Unterschiede des βασιλεύς, den Brüdern und Söhnen des Königs gegeben ward, Prinzen, vgl. Isocr. 9.72), der bei den Tragg. auf alle Angesehenen und Edlen einer Stadtausgedehnt wird, s. Musgr. Soph. O.R. 85, 904. Bei Homer heißt Agamemnon oft ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν, vgl. Il. 9.98 οὕνεκα πολλῶν λαῶν ἐσσὶ ἄναξ ; Il. 15.532 ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Εὐφήτης ; 23.288 ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Εὔμηλος ; 5.546 ὃς τέκετʼ Ὀρσίλοχον πολέεσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα ; 13.452 Δευκαλίων δʼ ἐμὲ τίκτε πολέσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα.
3) Hausherr, οἴκοιο Od. 1.397, der Gebieter, im Ggstz der Diener und Sklaven ; 9.440 der Zyclop im Ggstz seiner Herden, also Besitzer ; s. Theocr. 7.79 ; auffallender Opp. Hal. 2.245, 477.
4) übh. Besorger, Verwalter, Lenker, κώπης, = νεῶν, Befehlshaber der Schiffe, Aesch. Pers. 370, 375 ; aber Eur. Cycl. 86 ist κώπης ἄναξ Ruderer ; ὅπλων, Führer der Waffen, I.A. 1260 ; ψευδῶν, Lügner, Andr. 449 ; ἄναξ βασιλεύς vrbdn Or. 342. – Selten ist ἡ ἄναξ für ἄνασσα, Pind. P. 12.3 ; Hermann H.h. Cer. 58. – In Prosa treten βασιλεύς u. δεσπότης an die Stelle dieses Wortes.

ἄναξ

-ακτος, ὁ (ϝ)άναξ

Voc. (besides ἄναξ) ἄνα Il. 3.351, Il. 16.233: Od. 17.354.

Dat. pl. ἀνάκτεσι Od. 15.557.

• • 1

    A king (the main notion being app. that of a protecting chief rather than that of a ruler; cf. the name Ἀστυάναξ Il. 6.403, and the reason for it there given. But βουληφόρος ἀ. occurs Il. 12.414).

  • • a

      ἀ. ἀνδρῶν (app. much like ποιμὴν λαῶν) applied to Agamemnon, gen. as a title, but sometimes as a descriptive term Il. 1.7, 172, 442, 506, Il. 2.402, 434, etc.: Od. 8.77, Od. 11.397 = Od. 24.121.

      Sim.: πολλῶν λαῶν ἀ. Il. 9.98.

      So ἀ. alone Il. 2.284, 360, Il. 9.33.–ἀ. ἀνδρῶν applied also to Anchises Il. 5.268.

      To Aeneas Il. 5.311.

      To Augeas Il. 11.701.

      To Euphetes Il. 15.532.

      To Eumelus Il. 23.288.

      Sim. πολέεσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα of Ortilochus Il. 5.546.

      And applied by Idomeneus to himself Il. 13.452.

    • b

      ἀ. applied to Priam Il. 2.373, Il. 4.18, Il. 6.451, etc.: Od. 3.107.

      To Idomeneus Il. 2.405, Il. 10.112, Il. 15.301: Od. 19.181.

      To Philoctetes Il. 2.725.

      To Diomedes Il. 4.420, Il. 5.794.

      To Proetus Il. 6.166.

      To Achilles Il. 9.164, 276 = Il. 19.177, Il. 23.35, 173, Il. 24.449, 452.

      To Peleus Il. 9.480.

      To Asius Il. 12.139.

      To Sarpedon Il. 12.413, 414, Il. 16.464.

      To Helenus Il. 13.582, 758, 770, 781.

      To Nestor Il. 23.302: Od. 3.388.

      To Menelaus Il. 23.588.

      To Teucrus Il. 23.859.

      To Odysseus Od. 3.163, Od. 13.194, etc.

      To Teiresias Od. 11.144, 151.

      To Aias Od. 11.561.

      To Minos Od. 11.570.

      To minor heroes and personages Il. 2.566 = Il. 23.678, Il. 2.624, 672, 679, 693, Il. 7.8, 137, Il. 11.322, Il. 14.489, Il. 15.639: Od. 16.395 = Od. 18.413, Od. 18.299, Od. 19.523, Od. 24.305.

      Applied to kings or chiefs generally: ἅρματα ἀνάκτων Il. 2.777: ἀνάκτων παῖδες Od. 13.223.

      To the leader of a ship’s company Od. 11.71.

      With a local word: πύλοιο Il. 2.77. Cf. Il. 6.173.

      Sim. Τρώεσσιν Il. 20.230.

      Joined with βασιλεύς Od. 20.194.

    • c

      ἀ. applied to gods. To Apollo Il. 1.36, 75, 390, etc.: Od. 8.323, 334, 339.

      To Zeus Il. 1.502, 529, Il. 2.102, Il. 3.351, Il. 7.194, 200, Il. 16.233, Il. 18.118: Od. 17.354.

      To Hermes Il. 2.104.

      To Sleep Il. 14.233.

      To Poseidon Il. 15.8, 57, 158, Il. 20.67, 404: Od. 3.43, 54, Od. 9.412, 526, Od. 11.130, Od. 13.185, Od. 23.277.

      To Hephaestus Il. 15.214, Il. 18.137: Od. 8.270.

      To Hades Il. 20.61.

      To a river Od. 5.445, 450.

      To the sun Od. 12.176.

      To the gods generally Od. 12.290.

  • 2

    A lord, master, owner: οὐδʼ ἠγνοίησαν ἄνακτα Il. 13.28, τί δόμεν πηλῆϊ ἄνακτι (to P. as your master) Il. 17.443. Cf. Il. 10.559, Il. 13.38, Il. 15.453, Il. 16.371, 507, Il. 18.417, 421, Il. 23.417 = 446, 517, Il. 24.734: οἴκοιο ἀ. Od. 1.397, οὔτε ἀ. οὔτε ποιμήν Od. 4.87. Cf. Od. 9.440, Od. 10.216, Od. 14.8, 139, 170, Od. 17.186, 320, etc.

ἄ˘ναξ (ϝαν-, P. 4.89, P. 9.44, P. 11.62, P. 12.3, fr. 140a. 63 (37): ἄναξ, ἄνακτος, ἄνακτι, ἄνακτα, ἄνα, ἄναξ; ἀνάκτων, ἄνακτας coni.)

• • a adj., king, royal, of gods and heroes, — μετὰ δώδεκʼ ἀνάκτων θεῶν O. 10.49 “υἱὸς ἱππάρχου Ποσειδάωνος ἄναξ” Euphamos. P. 4.45 πεπρωμένον ἦν φέρτερον πατέρος ἄνακτα γόνον τεκεῖν ποντίαν θεόν (Ahlwardt: γονον ἄνακτα πατρός codex) I. 8.33 ἄνακτα τὸν πάντων ὑπερβάλλοντα Χρόνον μακάρων (Heyne: ἄνα codd. Plutarchi.) fr. 33. in hypallage, μαρτυρήσει Λυκαίου βωμὸς ἄναξ O. 13.108
  • b subs., of gods and heroes “καὶ σέ, τολμάεις Ἐπιάλτα ἄναξ” P. 4.89 ὦναξ Apollo. P. 8.67 “ὦ ἄνα” Apollo. P. 9.44 σέ τε, ἄναξ Πολύδευκες P. 11.62 ὦ ἄνα Akragas P. 12.3 Πηλεὺς ἄναξ N. 3.33 Πότμος ἄναξ N. 4.42 “καὶ ἐμοὶ θάνατον σὺν τῷδʼ ἐπίτειλον, ἄναξ” Zeus N. 10.77 χρυσέων οἴκων ἄναξ καὶ γαμβρὸς Ἥρας Herakles I. 4.60 φαντὶ γὰρ ξύνʼ ἀλέγειν καὶ γάμον Θέτιος ἄνακτας (Bergk: ἄνακτα codd.: ἄνακτε Tric.) I. 8.47 κείνων λυθέντες σαῖς ὑπὸ χερσίν, ἄναξ Zeus fr. 35. ἄν]ακτος Εὐξαν[τίου Pae. 4.35 ὦναξ[ Πα. 13d. 4. ]ἄναξ Ἄπολλον[ Pae. 16.2 ]ιον ἄνακτα[ Δ. 1. 3. μνάσθηθʼ ὅτι τοι ζαθέας Πάρου ἐν γυάλοις ἕσσατο ἄνακτι βωμὸν sc. to Apollo fr. 140a. 63 (37).

ἄναξ (ϝάναξ), ακτος, voc. ἄνα (only in addressing a god, otherwise), ἄναξ, dat. pl. ἀνάκτεσι: lord (king), master; of gods, Ζεῦ ἄνα (Il. 3.351), ὕπνε ἄναξ πάντων τε θεῶν πάντων τʼ ἀνθρώπων (Il. 14.233), θεῶν ἀέκητι ἀνάκτων (Od. 12.290); of men (esp. Agamemnon), ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν, and in general of any man as lord and master of his possessions, ἐγὼν οἴκοιο ἄναξ ἔσομʼ ἡμετέροιο| καὶ δμώων, Od. 1.397; ἦ σύ γʼ ἄνακτος| ὀφθαλμὸν ποθέεις, ‘miss your masterʼs eye,’ said by the blinded Polyphemus to his ram, Od. 9.452.

ἄναξ ἀνάσσω

• • Ia lord, master, being applied to the gods, esp. to Apollo and Zeus, Hom.; to the latter in voc., Ζεῦ ἄνα Il.
  • IIamong the Homeric heroes Agamemnon is ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν; but ἄναξ is a title given to all men of rank and note, as to Teiresias, Od.; βασιλεὺς ἄναξ lord king, Od.
  • IIIthe master of the house, esp. as denoting the relation of master to slave, Od.
  • IVmetaph., κώπης, ναῶν ἄνακτες lords of the oar, of ships, Aesch.; ἄν. ὅπλων Eur.