dum

dum haec geruntur, urbs capta est
while these things were done, the city was captured abeamus, dum sine periculo licet
let’s get going while it’s still safe tu, dum redeo, pasce oves
graze my sheep until I return exspectemus, dum veniat
let us wait until he comes oderint, dum metuant
provided that they are afraid, let them hate

dum : (conj.), while, as long as, 1.607, et al.; even while (in the act of), 6.586; until, till, 1.265; yet, as yet, 11.70; until, while (of purpose), w. subj., 1.5; provided that, if only, w. subj., 11.792.

dum, conj. [for dium, acc. from dius; cf. diu, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 856], denotes the temporal relation of two actions to cach other,

• I As contemporaneous, or,
• II As in immediate succession, so that with the commencement of one action the other ceases.
• I As contemporaneous.
• • A Without respect to the limits of the two actions, while, whilst, during the time in which.
  • • 1 In gen., construed with the indicative, except in oratio obliqua, where the subjunctive was sometimes used. In Aug. poets and late prose the subjunctive often stands in oratio directa, v. the following).
    • • • α Indic. praes.: dum cum hac usuraria Uxore mihi nunc morigero, haec curata sint Fac sis, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 25 (980); so id. Aul. 4, 2, 14 (621); id. Bacch. 4, 7, 19 (817); Ter. Heaut. 240; Cic. Clu. 32 fin.; Verg. E. 3, 75; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 190 et saep.— In the praes. histor.: dum haec loquimur, interea loci ad macellum ubi advenimus, etc., Ter. Eun. 255; id. Phorm. 1007; Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Div. in Caec. 17, 56: dum haec geruntur, Caesari nuntiatum est, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 1; cf. these forms of transition, id. ib. 3, 17, 1; 4, 32, 1; 4, 34, 3; 5, 22, 1; 6, 7, 1; 7, 57, 1; id. B. C. 1, 56, 1; 2, 1, 1 et saep. dum ea conquiruntur et conferuntur, nocte intermissa circiter hominum milia VI ad Rhenum contenderunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 27, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 37, 1; id. ib. 1, 36, 1; Liv. 21, 7, 1; Verg. G. 4, 559.—In the imperf.: dum haec in Appulia gerebantur, Samnites ... urbem non tenuerunt, Liv. 10, 36 fin.; 21, 53; 41, 14; Nep. Hann. 2, 4; Tac. Agr. 41; cf.: dum is in aliis rebus erat occupatus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91—In the fut.; nunc animum advortite Dum argumentum hujus eloquar comoediae, Plaut. Am. prol. 96.—In the perf.: dum Cyri et Alexandri similis esse voluit, Crassorum inventus est dissimillimus, Cic. Brut. 81, 292; so id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Fin. 2, 13; id. Phil. 14, 12, 33; id. Att. 1, 16, 2; Nep. Reg. 2, 2 al.—In the pluperf.: dum in unam partem oculos animosque hostium certamen averterat, pluribus locis scalis capitur murus, Liv. 32, 24.—In the fut. perf.: bellum ingens geret Italia... Tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas, Verg. A. 1, 265.—Prov.: dum loqueris, i. e. this instant, Petr. 99.—In the oratio obliqua: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Dum sanctis patriae legibus obsequimur, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 101; Liv. 2, 57; 26, 16; Tac. A. 15, 59; id. H. 1, 33; Ov. M. 4, 776 et saep.—
        • β Subj. In oratio obliqua: dixisti, dum Planci in me meritum verbis extollerem, me arcem facere e cloaca, Cic. Planc. 40; so id. de Or. 1, 41 fin.; id. Mur. 24; id. Att. 5, 17, 3; Sall. C. 7, 6; Tac. H. 4, 17 fin. al.—In oratio recta: o quotiens ausae, caneret dum valle sub alta, Rumpere mugitu carmina docta boves, Tib. 2, 3, 19: dum intentus in eum se rex totus averteret, etc., Liv. 1, 40, 7: dum ea in Samnio gererentur, id. 10, 18, 1; Ov. P. 3, 3, 2; Verg. G. 4, 457; Mart. 1, 22, 1; Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 35; id. Caes. 39; Hyg. Fab. 12 al.—
      • b When the principal action is an immediate and sudden sequence of that described in the clause with dum, subito or repente is often used in the principal clause: dum tempus teritur, repente milites, etc., Liv. 29, 9, 5: dum advenientes filia interrogat, repente in osculis, etc. Suet. Aug. 99: dum Appium orno, subito sum factus accusatoris ejus socer, Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; Auct. B. Afr. 61.—
      • c When the actions are simply presented as contemporaneous, interea, jam or interea jam is often used in the principal clause: dum haec mecum reputo, accersitur lavatum interea virgo, Ter. Eun. 592; Cic. Quint. 6, 28: dum ea Romani parant, jam Saguntum oppugnabatur, Liv. 21, 7, 1; cf. also: dum ... interim, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 8 (30); id. Men. 1, 3, 31 (212); Liv. 21, 47, 7 al.—
    • 2 Esp., of duration in the present, now, yet.
    • • a In combination with etiam primum, and esp. freq. with the negations non, nec, ne, haud, nihil, nullus, nemo, v. h vv.—
      • b Colloq., as an enclitic with imperatives and interjections (by some separately written ades dum, abi dum, etc, but v. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. p. 567 sq.), orig, acc of time, a moment, a second, a little Sosia adesdum, paucis te volo, Ter. And. 29 abidum, id. Heaut. 249 circumspicedum, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 109 (147): dicdum, Ter. Hec. 803 facitodum, id. Heaut. 550 iteradum, Poëta ap. Cic. Att. 14, 14 jubedum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 7 (786): manedum, id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24 (793); Ter. Hec. 844: memoradum, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 103 (1063): tacedum, id. Men. 2, 2, 73 (345): tangedum, id. Rud. 3, 5, 5 (784) al.: agedum (most freq.), id. Am. 2, 2, 151 (783); 5, 1, 29 (1081); id. As. 4, 1, 1 (746); 5, 1, 1 (828) et saep. (for which, agidum, id. Trin. 2, 2, 89 (364) Ritschl ad loc.); Ter. Eun. 694; id. Heaut. 310; id. Hec. 315; id. Phorm. 784; Cic. Sull. 26; Liv. 7, 9; 9, 16 al.; Cat. 63, 78; Stat. Th. 7, 126 al.: agitedum, Liv. 3, 62 Drak.; 5, 52; 7, 34 fin.: cedodum, Ter. Phorm. 329: ehodum, id. And. 184; 324; 616; id. Eun. 359; also in Plaut. in enumerations: primumdum (= Gr. πρῶτον μέν), Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26 (297); id. Most. 2, 1, 53 (400); id. Trin. 1, 2, 61 (99) al.—
  • B With respect to the temporal limit of both actions, i. q. tamdiu quam or usque eo, as long as, while.
  • • 1 Lit. (with indic. when the duration of the action in the principal clause is alone implied, except in the oratio obliqua).—In praes.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis, non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.; so Cic. Lael. 4, 14; id. de Sen. 23, 86; id. Fin. 3, 2, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin. al.—In fut.: quid illos opinamini animi habuisse atque habituros, dum vivent? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 13, 17; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103 (332); Cic. Rosc. Am. 32 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; Verg. A. 1, 607 sq. et saep.—
    • • • β Subj., often, when the clause with dum expresses a desired end, or refers to an indefinite future: non tibi venit in mentem, Si, dum vivas, tibi bene facias, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76 (1195): pars, dum vires suppeterent, eruptionem censebant, Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 2: ut sua sponte, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet Gadibus, id. B. C. 2, 20, 3: hoc unum esse tempus de pace agendi, dum sibi uterque confideret ut pares ambo viderentur, id. ib. 3, 10, 7: de quo (sc. animo) dum disputarem, tuam mihi dari vellem, Cotta, eloquentiam, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Bait. (v. Roby, Gram. 2, 284 sq.). —
      • b With tamdiu, tantum, tantummodo, tantisper, usque; or opp. postea, postquam, deinde, ubi, nunc, etc.—With tamdiu, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3; id. Cat. 3, 7; id. de Sen. 12, 41; id. Tusc. 5, 33 fin.; id. Att. 9, 6, 5 al.—With tantum, Liv. 27, 42.—With tantummodo, Sall. J. 53, 3.—With tantisper, Plaut. Truc. prol. 11; Ter. Ad. 69; id. Heaut. 106.—With usque, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5: dum ... postea, id. Mur. 12, 26—dum ... postea quam, Caes. B. G. 7, 82, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 43 fin.—dum ... postquam, Sall. J. 53, 3; Liv. 21, 13; cf. Ter. And. 54—dum ... deinde, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5; Liv. 27, 42, 13—dum ... sed ubi, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 37 (231); Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 5—dum ... nunc, Ter. And. 188; Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 11.—For tamdiu ... dum, less freq. dum ... dum, as long as ... so long: sic virgo dum intacta manet, dum cara suis, Cat. 62, 45 and 56; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 16: dum habeat, dum amet, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23 (231) (al. tum).—
      • c In Plautus repeatedly with an emphatic quidem, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 57 (463); 5, 2, 20 (870); id. Bacch. 2, 2, 48 (226); id. Merc. 2, 3, 53 (387); id. Ps. 1, 5, 92 (506).—
    • 2 Transf.
    • • a In conditional relations as a restrictive particle, like quatenus and duntaxat, so long as, if so be that, provided that, if only (so regularly connected with the subjunctive; freq. in prose and poetry): dum pereas, nihil interduo aiant vivere, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 36 (694): Ly. Concede, inspiciam quid sit scriptum. Cu. Maxime, Tuo arbitratu, dum auferam abs te id quod peto, id. Curc. 3, 58 (428); cf.: dum res maneant, verba fingant arbitratu suo, Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin.: oderint, dum metuant, Att. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 28, 97: licet lascivire, dum nihil metuas, Cic. Rep. 1, 40 et saep.; in the imperf.: qui sese in cruciatum dari cuperet, dum de patris morte quaereretur, id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; Sall. C. 40, 4; id. J. 68, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 33: An. Non pudet vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter. Phorm. 525; so without a verb, Cic. Fam. 7, 9; id. Ac. 2 (Luc.), 32, 104; Quint. 4, 1, 70; 9, 4, 58; 10, 3, 5; cf.: dum eatenus, id. 1, 11, 1.—
      • • β With an emphatic modo, and often in one word, dummodo: aeque istuc facio dummodo Eam des, quae sit quaestuosa, etc., Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189 (784); id. Aul. 2, 2, 62 (239); id. Mil. 2, 2, 98 (253); Cic. Rep. 3, 3; id. Off. 3, 21; id. Cat. 1, 5; 9; Prop. 3, 17, 17 (4, 16, 17 M.); Ov. F. 5, 242 al.; cf.: sin autem jejunitatem ... dummodo sit polita, dum urbana, dum elegans, in Attico genere ponit, etc., Cic. Brut. 82, 285: dummodo sit dives, barbarus ille placet, Ov. A. A. 2, 276.—Separated by other words: mea nil refert, dum patiar modo, Ter. Eun. 319: certumst pati, dum illum modo habeam mecum, id. Heaut. 466; Val. Fl. 5, 265.—
        • γ With tamen, and, in Plautus (cf. above, 1. c.), with quidem.—With tamen, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 314; Cels. 3, 4; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 2, 12, 7; 8 prooem. § 32; Dig. 39, 22, 4.—With quidem, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 20 (58); id. Aul. 2, 2, 34 (211); cf. the foll. number.—
        • δ In negative conditional clauses, with ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not: VTEI. SENATVS. NOSTER. DECERNERET. DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT., S. C. de Bac. (thrice): id faciat saepe, dum ne lassus fiat, Cato R. R. 5, 4; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 137 (979); cf. id. Bacch. 4, 8, 26 (867); id. Curc. 1, 1, 36 (36); Ter. Hec. 634; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4; 8, 11, B fin.; Liv. 3, 21 Drak.; 28, 40; Ov. H. 3, 81.—So too, dummodo ne, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7; id. Att. 12, 45 al.: dum quidem ne, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 89 (423).—
      • b With a causal accessory notion, until, long enough for, etc (very rare, only with subjunctive) obsidio deinde per paucos dies magis quam oppugnatio fuit, dum vulnus ducis curaretur, Liv. 21, 8; cf. id. 24, 40; Suet. Aug. 78 fin. nam se quoque moveri finget, dum aditum sibi ad aures faciat, Quint. 4, 1, 46.
• II In immediate suceession, until, until that (with the subjunctive or the indicative, as the idea of aim or simply of time predominates; cf. e.g.: quid dicam, quantus amor bestiarum sit in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere? Cic. N. D. 2, 51 fin.: ea mansit in condicione atque pacto usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt, id. Verr. 1, 6, 16; cf. Ter. Heaut. 543; id. Eun. 206; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 27, 42. Cicero generally, Caesar always employs the subjunctive).
• • • • • α Subj.: is dum veniat, sedens ibi opperibere, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 14 (48); cf.: paulisper mane, dum edormiscat unum somnum, id. Am. 2, 2, 64 (696); cf. also Cic. Att. 7, 1, 4; so with exspectare, id. Lael. 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; 4, 13, 2; Liv. 3, 11 fin.: Tac. Or. 19 fin.; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42; Luc. 5, 303 et saep.; with morari, Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 22, 38 al.; cf. infra, β: sic deinceps omne opus contexitur, dum justa muri altitudo expleatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4; id. B. C. 1, 58, 4; cf.: multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem Inferretque deos Latio, Verg. A. 1, 5: ut spatium intercedere posset, dum milites convenirent, legatis respondit, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.: Caesar ex eo tempore, dum ad flumen Varum veniatur, se frumentum daturum pollicetur, from that time until, etc., id. B. C. 1, 87, 1: differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira, Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78 (cf. ib.: dum se ipsi colligant): quippe qui moram temporis quaererent, dum Hannibal in Africam traiceret, Liv. 30, 16 fin. et saep.—
        • β Indic.: tu hic nos, dum eximus, interea opperibere, Ter. Heaut. 833; so with opperiri, Cic. Att. 10, 3; with manere aliquem, Ter. Phorm. 512; with exspectare, id. Eun. 206; with morari, Liv. 27, 42; cf.: causas innecte morandi, Dum pelago desaevit hiems, Verg. A. 4, 52: retine, dum ego huc servos evoco, Ter. Phorm. 982; cf.: Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas, Verg. E. 9, 23: struppis, quibus lectica deligata erat, usque adeo verberari jussit, dum animam efflavit, Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. in the perf., Prop. 1, 3, 45; in the fut., id. 1, 14, 14. See Hand, Turs. II. pp. 303-330.

dum (wie alle Zeitadv. auf um [wie cum, tum] das Neutrum eines verloren gegangenen Pronomens), I) Adv., eig. = für jetzt, enklitisch mit andern Wörtern verbunden als: a) mit den Wörtern non, nullus, haud, vix etc., deutsch: noch, nondum, noch nicht, Cic.: so auch necdum, Liv., od. nequedum, Cic.: neque dum satis, noch nicht genug, Cic. fr.: nullusdum, nulladum etc., noch keiner usw., Liv.: vixdum, kaum noch, Cic.: nihildum, noch nichts, Cic. u. Liv.: aber nedum (sc. dicam, eig. um noch nicht zu sagen), geschweige denn, Cic. – b) mit dem Imperat., nun, doch noch, age dum, Cic.: agite dum, Liv.: ades dum, bleib für jetzt (doch noch) da, Ter.: itera dum, Cic.: dic dum, Ter.: facito dum, Ter.: so auch ehodum, höre doch, Ter. – c) mit qui, wie, qui dum? wieso? Ter. – d) mit primum, nun, primum dum, Plaut. – II) Coni.: 1) in-, während der Zeit daß, während, indes, indem, zur Angabe der Gleichzeitigkeit zweier Handlungen oder des Eintretens einer Handlung während der Dauer einer andern, gew. mit dem Indikativ; in der oratio obliqua u. in Absichtssätzen mit dem Konjunktiv, Cic. u.a. – 2) so lange als, zur Angabe, daß die Dauer der einen Handlung an die Dauer der andern geknüpft sei, mit dem Indikativ; in Absichtssätzen mit dem Konjunktiv, Cic. u.a.: tam diu, dum, Cic.: dum... tantisper, Ter. – 3) so lange bis, bis daß, bis, zur Angabe, daß die Handlung des Hauptsatzes dauere bis zum Eintreten der Handlung im Nebensatze, mit dem Indikativ; aber bei Angabe, daß das Ziel ein erstrebtes, gewolltes, bloß als möglich gedachtes, übh. als unbestimmte Zukunft erscheint, mit dem Konjunktiv, Cic. u.a.; dah. dum... dum, so lange... so lange (= wie lange ...so lange, s. Quint. 9, 3, 16), Acc. tr. 395 sq. Plaut. truc. 231. Catull. 62, 45 u. 56; vgl. Schömann Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 89. – 4) insoweit, insofern, wenn oder wofern nur, zur Beschränkung in Bedingungssätzen, mit dem Konjunktiv, Ter., Sall., Cic. u.a.: verstärkt dummodo, Cic. u.a.: auch getrennt dum potiar modo Ter. – ebenso auch dumne, dum... ne, wenn nur nicht, Komik. u. Cic.; verstärkt dummodo ne, Cic.

dum [CL] 1 (adv.) yet. 1398 inter ‥ quod ‥ non est dum levatum ExchScot 457. 2 (conj.) while, (during or at the time) when, (for as long) as: a (w. ind., esp. pres., or unspec.); b (w. subj.). V. et. dummodo. a cum clanget classica salpix, / ultima dum priscis labuntur tempora saeclis Aldh. CE 4. 5. 19; aurora in fulvis dum luxit lutea bigis Id. VirgV 1363; pro aliis ‥ qui, ejus interitum cognoscentes, differre tempus paenitentiae, dum vacat, timerent Bede HE V 13; ex contrariis saepe legibus nascitur quaestio, dum de una re alia lex aliter cavet, aliter et altera Alcuin Rhet. 9; 9‥ dum non perturbant, þa whyle þa na gedrefaþ WW; bello ‥ vulneratus, dum medetur emoritur Gosc. Transl. Aug. 36B; ‘cum’ dicit conjunccionem consequentem, ‘dum’ simul adjuncta Ps.-Gros. Gram. 57; avis ‥ dum sedet [ME: þe hwile hit sit] in terra non est secura AncrR 41.  b quondam dum parvulus esset, / magna futurarum meruit spectacula rerum Aldh. VirgV 655; qui semper, dum viveret, ‥ pauperibus ‥ opem ferre non cessabat Bede HE III 9; quae omnia erant in firma regis E. dum viveret DB I 2v; est imago S. Mariae ‥ quam pinxit Lucas evangelista dum adhuc viveret ipsa Dei genitrix Descr. Constant. 259; pater dum ‥ sacrum mysterium administraret, corpus dominicum ‥ apparuit Eadmer V. Osw. 3; illam rapuerat Eadwinus ‥ dum ‥ per provintias Britonum deseviret G. Mon. XII 7; dum Maro Cartaginis jocaretur hospitium, amantium vota conciliare nescivit, nisi J. Sal. Pol. 391A; T. Mon. Will. II 9 (v. deintus 1a); non possum credere sorti, / saltem dumque Deus sit super omne potens Gower VC II 88. 3 when, after, as soon as: a (w. ind.); b (w. subj.). a c710 quam rem dum ad effectum tua perduxerit benivolentia ‥ gratiarum actiones habebis (Berhtwald) Ep. Bonif. 7; c792 dum plenum perficitur [pacis] vestimentum, mox ad induendum vestrae dirigetur fraternitati Alcuin Ep. 14; dum ‥ quieverit ista passio, crastino die, Deo auctore, apparebo A. Tewk. Add. Thom. 8.  b quies cum fessos occupat artus, / dulcia dum famulae cecinissent carmina Christo Aldh. VirgV 2232; dum ‥ ad mensam consedissent, subito ‥ mentem ad spiritualia contemplanda contulit Bede CuthbP 34; quod dum factum esset, episcopatum ‥ anno uno servabat ‥ Uilfrid Id. HE IV 27 p. 275; Lotharius, dum ‥ duodecim annis regnasset, ‥ emoritur Gosc. Transl. Aug. 36b; dum ‥ promisisset se ‥ consuetudines ‥ observaturum, ad mentem sedulo revocavit quanta ex his potuerint ‥ oriri dispendia A. Tewk. Add. Thom. 3. 4 (esp. w. usque) till: a (w. ind. or unspec.); b (w. subj.). a dum, donee GlC D 380; curam ‥ suscepit ac tenuit usque dum et ipse ‥ ad caelestia regna ‥ ascendit Bede HE II 20; haec, usquedum ad ejus visionem pervenire meruit, intemerata servavit Ib. IV 21 p. 252; meos convivas ‥ usquedum rediero letificate Arthur & Gorlagon 2.  b cujus in hac aula sacra conservabitur ara, / dum polus et tellus ac ponti flustra fatescant Aldh. CE 4. 11. 6; ipse ‥ presbyteros ‥, usquedum archiepiscopus perveniret, ordinabat Bede HE IV 2; nolunt accipere legem ‥ usque dum diffiniatur per regem DB I 44v; de electo in abbatem, qualiter se geret usquedum confirmetur Cust. Cant. rub. 69. 5 whereas, seeing that, in that, since: a (w. ind.); b (w. subj.). a quod illi [Jeremiae; cf. Thren. iv 7-8] ‥ ad cumulum doloris crescebat, dum ‥ eosdem statu prospero viventes egregios luxerat Gildas EB 1; 671 ut sententiam B. Hieronimi, dum se occasio obtulit, depromam Aldh. Ep. 1; qui, dum ‥ Sunamitis sobolem ‥ suscitaverat [cf.IV Reg. iv 35] , redemptorem signat genus humanum ‥ vivificantem Id. Met. 2; sed secus evenit, / praefatus lector dum fraudem prodidit atram Id. VirgV. 1006; 749 (12c) dum mihi omnipotens Deus ‥ sceptra regiminis ‥ largitus est, ideo ei libenter ‥ ex eo quod accepi iterum retribuo CS 178; 793 quid de aliis estimandum est locis, dum huic sanctissimo loco judicium non pepercit divinum?  Alcuin Ep. 16; dum ‥ mores in eo imitabantur dignitatem pontificis, ratus est B. Dunstanus ‥ mores illius jure sullimandos dignitate pontificis Eadmer V. Osw. 12.  b heu! frustra factor confinxit corpus inorme, / totis membrorum dum frauder sensibus intus Aldh. Aen. 72 (Colosus) 8; optatam senserunt saecla salutem, / dum Deus ad Herebi vagas descenderit umbras Id. VirgV 455; dum illum [lapidem] ‥ nullo conatu ‥ movere valerent, adjuncti sunt eis alii et alii viri Eadmer V. Osw. 20; s1205 orte sunt in ecclesia Cantuariensi dissentiones ‥ super electione archiepiscopi, dum monachi priorem electionem, quam de suppriore suo fecerant, ‥ relinquerent G. Cold. Durh. 17. 6 although (w. subj.). quod utrum de se an de alio aliquo diceret nobis manet incertum, dum tamen hoc quod tantus vir dixit, quia verum sit, esse non possit incertum Bede HE IV 3. 7 so long as, on condition that, provided that (w. subj.); cf. dummodo; b (? w. cum). c so that, in order that. d (repeated, w. pr. ppl.) whether ‥ or. promittens me elimosynas ‥ dare, dum ille domum comitis pransurus ‥ intraret Bede HE V 4; 1255 mandavit ‥ senescallo foreste quod ‥ ipsos deliberaret, dum tamen non essent capti cum venacione SelPlForest 31; 1267 quod ‥ habeant ‥ liberam warennam ‥ in omnibus dominicis terris suis ‥, dum tamen terre ille non sint infra metas forreste nostre (Ch. Regis) Ib. cxxiv (cf. CalCh II 80); parum curo de illis dum tamen hec [amoris regula] care servetur AncrR 163; 1437 dumtamen (v. 1 cunagium 2b).  b c1200 liberum erit eis ‥ ij m‥. recipere sicut antiquitus solebant, dum †cum [? l. tamen] nec dolus nec necgligentia eorum in aliquo possit deprehendi Dryburgh 67.  c censebis ficta fuisse / que de me dixit, dum silvas possit adire V. Merl. 327.  d c800 vera est sapientia ut quisque se ipsum considerans dum volens dum nolens aeternus erit, ut [sic] aeternam sibi ex hoc brevi labore comparet requiem Alcuin Ep. 297.

dum, (5) adv. et conj.

I adv. enclitique : ¶ 1 joint à non, nullus, haud, vix, etc., il signifie « encore » : nondum, pas encore ; nullusdum, nulladum, etc., encore pas un, pas une, etc. ; vixdum, à peine encore ; nihildum, encore rien ; necdum, nequedum, et pas encore ; nequedum satis, et pas encore assez ¶ 2 [après lʼimpératif] donc, voyons, seulement, etc. : circumspice dum te Pl. Trin. 147, regarde seulement autour de toi ; memoradum Pl. Pœn. 1063, rappelle-moi donc ; tangedum Pl. Rud. 784, allons, touche-les, pour voir ¶ 3 [après interj.] : ehodum Ter. Eun. 360, hé, voyons ! || [après certains adv.] : quidum ? comment donc ? primumdum Pl. Mil. 297, eh bien dʼabord.

II conj., ¶ 1 avec ind. : a) [ind. présent] dans le même temps que, pendant que, [qqf. en corrélation avec interea, interim ] : dum hæc in colloquio geruntur, Cæsari nuntiatum est... Cæs. G. 1, 46, 1, pendant que ces choses se traitaient dans lʼentrevue, on annonça à César... ; hæc dum aguntur, interea Cleomenes jam... pervenerat Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 91, pendant que ces faits se passaient, Cléomène était déjà parvenu... || [avec imparf.] : dum is in aliis rebus erat occupatus... erant interea qui... Cic. Amer. 91, pendant quʼil se trouvait occupé à dʼautres soins, dans le même moment il y avait des gens qui..., cf. Liv. 5, 47, 1 ; b) jusquʼau moment où, jusquʼà ce que : ego in Arcano opperior, dum ista cognosco Cic. Att. 10, 3, moi, jʼattends dans ma propriété dʼArcanum, jusquʼà ce que je reçoive ces nouvelles ; exspectabo, dum venit Ter. Eun. 206, jʼattendrai jusquʼà ce quʼil vienne ( Andr. 714 ; Ad. 196 ; 785 ; etc.) ; mansit... usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 16, il resta... jusquʼau moment où les juges furent récusés ; c) pendant tout le temps que, tant que [qqf. en corrélation avec tamdiu ] : hæc civitas, dum erit, lætabitur Cic. Læl. 14, notre cité, tant quʼelle existera, sʼen réjouira ; usus est... tamdiu, dum... habuit Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 6, il se servit... pendant aussi longtemps quʼil tint..., cf. Tusc. 5, 96 ; Cat. 3, 16 ; Att. 9, 6, 5, etc. ; dum me rei publicæ procuratio... tenebat..., habebam Cic. Ac. 1, 11, tant que lʼadministration des affaires publiques me tenait..., je gardais... ; d) tandis que [explicatif] : dum voluerunt... sustulerunt Cic. Fin. 2, 43, en voulant..., ils ont supprimé... ; dum voluit... inventus est... Cic. Br. 282, en voulant... il sʼest trouvé..., cf. Br. 262 ; Mur. 54 ; Att. 1, 16, 2 ; etc. || fréq^t d. Tite Live  : Liv. præf., 2 ; 2, 31, 2 ; 2, 47, 4 ; 3, 67, 6 ; 5, 13, 13, etc. ¶ 2 avec subj. a) [st. ind.] : Cic. Planc. 95 ; Mur. 48 ; de Or. 1, 187 ; CM 41 ; etc. ; Cæs. G. 7, 77, 2 ; C. 2, 20, 3 ; etc.; b) [nuance consécutive et finale] : le temps suffisant, nécessaire pour que, un temps assez long pour que : sic deinceps omne opus conexitur, dum justa muri altitudo expleatur Cæs. G. 7, 23, 4, tout lʼouvrage se lie ainsi par couches successives jusquʼà ce que la hauteur normale du mur soit atteinte ; usque ad eum finem, dum possint... Cic. Nat. 2, 129, le temps nécessaire pour quʼils soient en état de... ; mihi tantum temporis satis est... dum... caveam Cic. Att. 11, 19, 2, jʼai seulement le temps suffisant de prendre des mesures...; [en part. après exspectare ] exspecta, dum Atticum conveniam Cic. Att. 7, 1, 4, attends que je joigne Atticus( Cæs. G. 1, 11, 6 ) ; c) [dans le potentiel ou irréel par attraction] : Cic. Nat. 2, 147 ; d) [analogue à cum participial] : Virg. G. 4, 457 ; Liv. 1, 40, 7 ; 10, 18, 1 ; etc. ¶ 3 [touj. avec le subj.] dum, dum modo, pourvu que : oderint, dum metuant Cic. Off. 1, 97, quʼils haïssent, pourvu quʼils craignent, cf. Fin. 5, 89 ; Rep. 1, 63 ; Amer. 119 ; etc.; Rep. 3, 4 ; Off. 3, 82 ; Cat. 1, 22 ; Br. 285 ; etc. || [sans verbe exprimé] : Fam. 7, 9, 2 ; Ac. 2, 104 ; etc. || [avec négation ne ] : Cato Agr. 5, 4 ; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4 ; Fam. 10, 25, 2 ; de Or. 3, 185 ; etc.

dum . conj.
此時間。至到。只要。Lege — prandeo 吾飯之時汝讀可也。 Expectandum — se res ipsa aperiret 須等候事情自露。Neque id quibus modis assequeretur, dum regnum pararet, quicquam pensi habebat 其亦不問何得此之計惟作王爲要。

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dum (1) adv.

• of time, the while, a while, now, yet.—Only as enclitic; see etiamdum, nondum, nihildum, etc.—With imper.(colloq.): Sosia Adesdum, paucis te volo, stop a moment, T.: abidum, T.: facitodum, T.: age dum, T.: agedum, conferte, etc., come now: agite dum, L.: cedodum, T.

dum (2) conj.

• 1 dum, while, whilst, at the time that, during the time in which, where: dum conantur, annus est, T.: dum de his disputo iudiciis: dum ea conquiruntur, ad Rhenum contenderunt, Cs.: Haec canebam, Caesar dum Fulminat, V.: haec dum geruntur: dum ea parant, L.: dum tempus teritur, repente, etc., L.: dum Appium orno, subito, etc.: ne bellum differretur, dum aeger conlega erat, L.: dum is in aliis rebus erat occupatus: qui, dum ascendere conatus est, vēnit in periculum: dum oculos hostium certamen averterat, capitur murus, L.: dum ad se omnia trahant, nihil relictum esse, L.: ut, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet, Cs.: dum intentusin eum se rex totus averteret, etc., L.: Illa, dum te fugeret, non vidit, V.—Of a period of time, while, all the time that, as long as: vixit, dum vixit, bene, T.: dum ego in Siciliā sum, nulla statua deiecta est: haec civitas dum erit laetabitur: causas innecte morandi, Dum desaevit hiemps, V.: dum longius aberant Galli, posteaquam, etc., Cs.: dum auxilia sperastis, postquam, etc., L.: se duces, usque dum per me licuerit, retinuisse.—Of immediate succession, to the time when, all the time till, until: ut me maneat, dum argentum aufero, T.: Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas, V.: mansit usque ad eum finem, dum iudices reiecti sunt: non exspectandum sibi, dum pervenirent, Cs.: Multa passus, dum conderet urbem, V.: differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira.—In restrictive clauses, as long as, if so be that, provided that, if only: dum res maneant, verba fingant: oderint, dum metuant: laborem pati, dum poenas caperent, S.—With modo(often written dummodo): mea nil re fert, dum patiar modo, T.: feram libenter, dum modo vobis salus pariatur: quālibet, dum modo tolerabili, condicione transigere.—With tamen: firmissimum quodque sit primum, dum illud tamen teneatur, etc.—With ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not: dum arator ne plus decumā det: peccate, dum ego ne imiter tribunos, L.