praeda

praedam prae se agere
to drive plunder before oneself

praeda , ae, f.: booty, spoil, 1.528; prey, game, 1.210; often in the pl., as 7.749.

praeda, ae (old abl. sing. PRAEDAD. Inscr. Col. Rostr.), f. [for praehenda, from praehendo, v. prehendo], property taken in war, booty, spoil, plunder, pillage (syn.: exuviae, spolium).

• I Lit.: praedā exercitus undat, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 437 (Ann. v. 320 Vahl.): praedas ac manubias in urbis ornamenta conferre, Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 61; cf. manubiae, and the passages there cited with praeda; so plur.: praedarum in parte repertā frangebat pocula, Juv. 11, 101.—Mostly sing.: praeda ante parta, Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28: praedam capere de praedonibus Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 14 (108): praedam militibus donare, Caes. B. G. 7, 11 fin.: victores praedā spoliisque potiti, Verg. A. 9, 450.—
• II Transf.
• • A An animal, bird, etc., caught or killed in the chase; prey, game (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): cervi luporum praeda rapacium, Hor. C. 4, 4, 50; Phaedr. 1, 5; Verg. A. 3, 223; Plin. 8, 55, 81, § 219; of fishing, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 4 (909); Ov. M. 13, 936: in saltu venantur aves; hinc praeda cubili Ponitur, Juv. 14, 82.—Prov.: praeda canum lepus est, Mart. 1, 22, 5.—Transf., of a person, prey, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 23 (1125); Ov. H. 15, 51.—
  • B In gen., booty, spoil, gain, profit: illa, quae empta ex praedā est, Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 2 (608); 15 (621); 3, 3, 13 (394): adeste, sultis, praeda erit praesentium, id. Stich. 1, 3, 67 (221): maximos quaestus praedasque facere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119; Hor. S. 2, 3, 68: ostendit praedam, treasure trove, Phaedr. 5, 6, 4: a quibus magnas praedas Agesilaus faciebat, from which Agesilaus drew great advantage, Nep. Chabr. 2, 3; cf. Plin. 26, 1, 3, § 4.

praeda, ae, f. (als *prai-hida zu prehendo), das im Kriege gewonnene Besitztum, die Beute, I) eig.: praeda parta, Cic.: u. so praeda ingens parta est, es wurde ungeh. Beute gemacht, Liv.: praedam capere de hostibus, Plaut.: praedā potiri, Liv.: ingentes praedas facere, Liv.: praedas agere ex pacatis, Sall.: so auch praedas hominum pecorumque agere, abigere, Liv.: praedam ante se agere, Liv.: tantum praedae trahere (nach sich schleppen), ut etc., Liv.: ibi praedam relinquere, Liv.: praedam coacervare, Liv.: captivos praedamque recensere, Liv.: reliqua praeda victoribus cessit (fiel anheim), Liv. (u. so grande certamen tibi praeda cedat maior an illi, Hor.): praedae alia militum cessere, fielen als B. anheim, Liv.: u. so reliqui in praedam cessere victoris, Curt.: idem aurum ex hostibus captum in paucorum praedam cessisse, Liv.: hosti praedae esse (v. Pers.), Liv. – II) übtr.: A) die Beute, der Fang auf der Jagd, Hor., Verg. u. Plin.: im Fischfange, Ov.: durch den Vogelfang, Sen.: v. Pers. (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 457), mea praeda est illa, Plaut.: praeda haec mea est, Plaut.: veniunt nova praeda puellae, Ps. Ov.: e manibus amisisti praedam, Plaut. – B) die Beute = der Raub, praedam capere ex fortunis alcis, Cic.: regnum facit praedam sceleris sui, Sall.: praedam de manibus amittere, Cic.: tantā praedā augeri, Cic.: iam spe atque opinione illam praedam devorasse, Cic.: maxima praeda, quam ex fortunis publicanorum, quam ex agris urbibusque sociorum exhauserat, Cic. – C) der getane und sich angeignete Fund, ostendit praedam, Phaedr. 5, 6, 4. – D) die Beute = der Gewinn, Vorteil, praedam ferre, Hor.: ab alqo magnas praedas facere, gr. V. ziehen, Nep.: maximas praedas facere, Cic. – ➳ urspr. Abl. praedād, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 195. lin. 17.

praeda [CL] 1 plunder, spoils, goods, or land acquired by depredation (sg. as collect.); b (pl., items taken as plunder); c (w. play on praedo); d (transf. or fig.). s1016 pedestres in flumen ‥ navibus devehuntur, equestres vero vivam ~am per terram minantur Fl. Worc. I 116; parentes occisi ‥ praedantur eum qui occidit ‥ . de hac ~a habet rex terciam partem DB I 179rb; Ganymedem etiam Juppiter, Troili Trojanorum regis filium ‥ inter aliam ~am bellicam rapuit Alb. Lond. DG 3. 5; nundinas dicte ville in ~am sumpsit et secum duxit in manu forti et sic villam spoliavit Strecche Hen. V p. 156.  b post inormem catervarum stragem ‥ numerosas Sodomorum reducenti ~as [gl.: i. spolias] obvians ‥ Aldh. VirgP 54; 1233 quod ipse omnes terras unde vos disseisivit ‥ et similiter omnes tenserias et ~as quas ipse et sui assederunt vel ceperunt in terra vestra ‥ reddi faceret Cl 323; Scoti cum captis ~is ‥ rediciunt Ad. Mur. Chr. 30.  c ereptam praedonibus ~am nulla ex parte restituendo dominis sed sibi soli vindicans Bede HE I 6 p. 17; ~a inter praedones partitur Alex. Cant. Mir. 34 p. 226; latrunculos noctu sacram edem expilare aggressos, invisis loris ‥ irretivit. formoso ‥ spectaculo, quod preda predones tenuit W. Malm. GR II 213; cum honorem accipit, non per ambitionem rapit honorem sed per humilitatem rapitur ad honorem ne sit ipse predo honoris, sed quasi ~a ipsius honoris Bald. Cant. Serm. 5. 15. 533.  d flavescentes saliculas ‥ circumvallantes fertilem ~am [gl.: spolia] numerosis crurum et coxarum oneribus advehunt [sc. apes] Aldh. VirgP 4; magnas antiquo hosti ~as ‥ baptizando eripuit Bede HE II 20 p. 126; predo vetus a tyrone / domitus defecit. / versa vice de predone / preda predam fecit P. Blois Carm. 17. 5. 52; predonem etenim reduces in predam J. Howd. Cant. 239. 2 act of plundering, looting. non in ~a [gl.: i. e. vastatione] nec in rapina regnum tibi dabitur, sed de manu Domini obtinebis Felix Guthl. 49 p. 150; omnem exercitum a ~a continuit W. Malm. GR III 238; post multas strages, ~as, incendia, caedes Ord. Vit. V 9 p. 372; mayr vel kymellaur potest habere secum tres homines in aula regis ad convivium et in familia domini sui ad cybum, et ad ~am eant cum familia regis Leg. Wall. A 120; Venetia ‥ Sclavorum piratarum ~am tyrannicam compescit et reprimit Eul. Hist. II 112. 3 prey (of hunter, wild animal or sim.); b (transf., of person); c (prov.). carinam / retibus aequoreas claudentem marmore praedas Aldh. CE 4. 5. 4; nisos quibus ‥ pedes ‥ aptos ~e natura dedit Gir. TH I 12; aves ~e Bart. Angl. XII 1; preda viro predo murum mustela precatur Walt. Angl. Fab. 38. 1; dum voluit liberare domicellum suum fugantem ~am animalium Ad. Mur. Chr. 74.  b martires ad theatrum truduntur reste ligati / rictibus ut rodant sanctorum membra leones / ‥ / sed secus evenit sanctis victoria palmae: / bestia sanctorum labris vestigia linxit / obsequium praebens praedas oblita recentes Aldh. VirgV 1439; Turfridus mature diem obiit in pelago naufragus ~a piscibus expositus W. Malm. GR II 134.  c gentes ‥ parate sunt velut lupi ad ~am opes ejus invadere Ord. Vit. V 10 p. 384; ut ‥ ceu leo supra ~am presto consisteret, fratrem ab introitu Neustrie bello abigeret Ib. X 13 p. 80.

præda, (7) æ, f. , ¶ 1 proie [de guerre], butin, dépouilles : Cic. Agr. 2, 61 ; Cæs. G. 7, 11, 9 ; prædam facere Cæs. G. 4, 34, 5, faire du butin || [en gén.] butin, vol, rapine : prædas facere Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 119, faire du butin ¶ 2 a) proie, prise faite à la chasse ou à la pêche : Virg. En. 3, 223 ; Juv. 14, 82 ; Pl. Rud. 909 ; Ov. M. 13, 936 || [fig.] proie, prise : Pl. Ps. 1124 ; Ov. H. 15, 51 ; b) proie, pâture des animaux : Hor. O. 4, 4, 50 ; c) gain, profit : Nep. Chabr. 2, 3 ; Phædr. 5, 6, 4.

praeda , ae. f.
搶之物。贓。Hostibus praedae fuit 爲仇敵所獲。

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praeda ae, f

• prae+HED-, property taken in war, booty, spoil, plunder, pillage: praedam manubias in urbis ornamenta conferre: urbis praedā adducti: praedam militibus donare, Cs.: victores praedā spoliisque potiti, V.: praedarum in parte reperta pocula, Iu.—Prey, game: cervi luporum praeda rapacium, H.: vocamus in partem praedamque Iovem, i. e. vow to offer a share, V.: hinc praeda cubili Ponitur, Iu.—Booty, spoil, gain, profit: maximos quaestūs praedasque facere: Reiectā praedā, H.: ostendit praedam, treasure trove, Ph.: a quibus magnas praedas Agesilaus faciebat, drew great advantage, N.

PRAEDA

PRAEDAsignifies movable things taken by an enemy in war: when captured by a Roman. army, they were either distributed by the general among the soldiers (Liv. 2.42, 6.13-Z2; Sallust, Sal. Jug. 68), or sold by the quaestors, the proceeds being paid into the Aerarium:-- istos captivos duos,Here quos emi de praeda de quaestoribus. (Plaut. Capt. 1.2, 1.)

Property so acquired was regarded by the early Romans as belonging to the individual who had purchased it, or to whom it had been awarded, by the highest and most indefeasible of titles: Maxime sua esse credebant, says Gaius (4.16), quae ex hostibus cepissent.

The difference between Praeda and Manubiae is explained by Gellius (Gell. 13.24) to be this: Praeda denotes the things themselves that are taken in war, while Manubiae is pecunia per quaestorem populi Romani ex praeda vendita contracta: nor can any objection to this explanation be derived from the words of Cicero (de Lege agrar. 2.22, 59). The etymology of praeda may perhaps be prae-hida from praehendere, prendere (root hed), which would form a connecting link between the term and many other primitive Roman legal words, such as mancipium: see Pott, Etymologische Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Indo-Germanischen Sprachen, i. pp. 142, 199.

When prisoners were sold, they were said to be sold sub corona; the true explanation of which expression is probably that given by Gellius (Gell. 7.4). The mode of sale of other things than slaves was at first probably in detail, but afterwards in the lump: that is, the whole praeda might be sold to the highest bidder, or it might be sold in large lots or aggregates which contained a great number of separate things, in which cases the whole or minor aggregate would pass to the purchaser as a universitas, and he might retail it if he chose. This mode of sale was called sectio (Cic. de Invent. 1.4. 5, 85), and the purchaser was called sector. It was the practice to set up a spear at such sales, which was afterwards used at all sales conducted by a magistratus in the name of the people [SECTIO].

Corresponding to the acquisition of movable things in warfare, and their becoming private property, is the transfer of ager Publicus, which was acquired in war, to individuals, by a Lex Agraria de Coloniis deducendis, or by a sale by the quaestors (ager quaestorius).

[G.L] [J.B.M]

Praeda

A Latin word signifying movable things taken by an enemy in war. Such things were either distributed by the imperator among the soldiers or sold by the quaestors, and the produce was paid into the Aerarium or State treasury. The difference between praeda and manubiae lies in the fact that praeda means the things themselves that are taken in war, while manubiae is the money realized from their sale (Gell.xiii. 24). It was the practice to set up a spear at such sales, which was afterwards used at all sales of things by a magistratus in the name of the people. See Sectio; spolia.