radix

rādīx, īcis, f.: a root, 3.27, et al.

rādix, īcis (gen. plur. radicium, Cassiod. H. E. 1, 1; Jul. Val. Itin. Alex. 32 (75)), f. [Gr. ῥίζα, a root; ῥάδιξ, a shoot or twig; cf. ramus], a root of a plant (cf. stirps).

• I Lit.
• • • 1 In gen. (mostly in plur.): radices agere, to strike root, Varr. R. R. 1, 37 fin.; Ov. R. Am. 106; id. M. 4, 254; Col. 5, 6, 8; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 127; cf. infra, II.: capere radices, to take root, Cato R. R. 133, 3; Plin. 17, 17, 27, § 123: penitus immittere radices, Quint. 1, 3, 5: emittere radices e capite, ex se, Col. 3, 18, 6; 5, 10, 13: descendunt radices, Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 129: arbores ab radicibus subruere, Caes. B. G. 6, 27, 4: herbas radice revellit, Ov. M. 7, 226: radicibus eruta pinus, Verg. A. 5, 449: segetem ab radicibus imis eruere, id. G. 1, 319.—Sing.: (arbos) quae, quantum vertice ad auras, tantum radice in Tartara tendit, Verg. G. 2, 292; Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 128; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 150; Ov. H. 5, 147. —
    • 2 In partic., an edible root, Caes. B. C. 3, 48; esp. a radish: Syriaca, Col. 11, 3, 16; 59: also simply radix, Pall. 1, 35, 5; Hor. S. 2, 8, 8; Ov. M. 8, 666 al.: dulcis, licorice, Scrib. Comp. 170. —
  • B Transf.
  • • 1 The root, i. e. the lower part of an object, the foot of a hill, mountain, etc.— In plur.: in radicibus Caucasi natus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52: in radicibus Amani, id. Fam. 15, 4, 9: sub ipsis radicibus montis, Caes. B. G. 7, 36; 7, 51 fin.; 69; id. B. C. 1, 41; 3, 85, 1 et saep. — In sing.: a Palatii radice, Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 180.—
    • 2 That upon which any thing is fixed or rests (e. g. the tongue, a feather, a rock); a root, foundation (poet.; used alike in sing. and plur.): linguae, Ov. M. 6, 557: plumae, id. ib. 2, 583: saxi, Lucr. 2, 102; Ov. M. 14, 713.—
    • 3 Radix virilis = membrum virile, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 13.—
• II Trop., a root, ground, basis, foundation, origin, source (almost entirely in the plur.): vera gloria radices agit atque etiam propagatur, Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43: virtus altissimis defixa radicibus, id. Phil. 4, 5, 13: audeamus non solum ramos amputare miseriarum, sed omnes radicum fibras evellere, id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: facilitatis et patientiae, id. Cael. 6, 14: Pompeius eo robore vir, iis radicibus, i. e. so deeply rooted, firmly established in the State, id. Att. 6, 6, 4: illic radices, illic fundamenta sunt, Quint. 10, 3, 3: a radicibus evertere domum, from its foundation, utterly, Phaedr. 3, 10, 49: ex iisdem, quibus nos, radicibus natum (C. Marium), i. e. a native of the same city, Cic. Sest. 22, 50; Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 1; cf. in sing.: Apollinis se radice ortum, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 72: ego sum radix David, Vulg. Apoc. 22, 16 et saep.— Of words, origin, derivation, Varr. L. L. 6, 5, 61; 7, 3, 88 al.

rādīx, īcis, f. (ῥάδιξ), die Wurzel, I) im allg.: A) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig., die Wurzel des Baumes, der Pflanze, r. cupressi, Varro: cortices et radices, Cic.: succīdere radices arborum (v. Biber), Varro LL.: herbas radice revellere, Ov.: ab radicibus eruere segetem, mit der Wurzel ausreißen, Verg.: radicem u. radices capere, Cato, od. agere radicem od. agere radices, Wurzel treiben (schlagen), Varro u. Ov. (u. im Bilde, vera gloria radices agit, Cic.). – 2) übtr.: a) der unterste Teil eines Ggstds., mit dem er an einer Fläche festsitzt, die Wurzel, der Zunge, Ov.: der Haare, Cels. u. Petron.: des Zahnes, Cels.: der Feder, Ov.: des Felsens, Verg. u. Ov. – b) übh. das Unterste eines Ggstds. die Wurzel, der Fuß, eines Berges, Hügels, Sing., promunturii, Mela: Pyrenaei, Plin.: humilis radix (flacher Grund) insulae, Plin. ep.: a Palatii radice, Cic.: ab ora gemmae ad radicem usque, Plin.: gew. Plur., radices montis, collis, Caes.: Caucasi, Cic. – c) r. virilis, das männl. Glied, Cael. Aur. de morb. chron. 2, 1, 13 (viell. radius vir. zu lesen, wie Cael. Aur. de morb. acut. 3, 14, 115). – B) bildl., die Wurzel, 1) im allg.: a radicibus (von Grund aus, gänzlich) evertere domum, Phaedr. – 2) insbes.: a) = Ursprung, Stamm, Quelle, patientiae, Cic.: Marium ex isdem, quibus nos, radicibus natum, Cic.: Apollinis, d.i. Stamm, Plin. – v. etymol. Ursprung, Varro LL. – b) der feste Grund (Boden), aus dem etw. ruht. Pompeius, eo robore vir, iis radicibus, ein Mann, der so viel Boden hat im Staatsleben, Cic. ad Att. 6, 6, 4. – II) die gewöhnl. genießbare oder offizinelle Wurzel, a) übh.: omnes radices, excepto sisere et pastinacā, Cels.: herbarum radicibus vivere, Sen.: genus radicis, quod appellatur chara, Caes.: r. dulcis, Süßholz, Cels.: r. lanaria, Seifenkraut (s. rādīculano. II, a), Colum.: Syriaca, Rettich, bes. Radieschen, Colum. – b) Rettich, bes. Radieschen, Hor., Cels. u.a. – ➳ Genet. Plur. gew. radicum; aber radicium im Itin. Alex. 32 (75). Charis. 124, 31.

radix [CL] 1 root (of plant or tree); b (fig.). legebam apostoli voce oleastri ramum bonae olivae insertum fuisse, sed a societate ~icis pinguedinis ejusdem [cf. Rom. xi 17: socius ~icis et pinguedinis olivae], si non timuisset, sed alta saperet, excidendum Gildas EB 1 p. 26; nascitur atra frutex ex ista radice frondens Aldh. VirgV 2710; caudices, ~ices arborum GlC C 174; cadex [? l. caudex], radex [? l. radix] Ib. C 253; ~ix autem plante mediatrix est inter plantam et cibum Gros. Hexaem. IV 30 p. 156; operacio ~icis est attrahere nutrimentum et operacio folii cooperire fructum Bacon XI 212; 1307 reddendo ‥ annuatim nobis quamdiu nos vixerimus unam ~icem zinziberis ad Pascham AncD C 4562.  b germen iniquitatis, ~ix amaritudinis, virulenta plantatio nostris condigna meritis Gildas EB 23; ubi de singulis verborum ~icibus multiplices regularum ramusculos pululasse antiqua ‥ traditio declarat Aldh. Met. 8 p. 78; erutis passionum ~icibus [gl.: wyrtruman] Id. VirgP 16 p. 245; donec altum [sic] monasterialis observantiae radicem figeret Hist. Abb. Jarrow 11; voluptas ‥ avolat et transit sed peccatum pertinacem ~icem infigit W. Malm. GP V 276 p. 440; hic vir vite venerabilis ab adolescencia sua mente et corpore redoluit castitate, de ~ice patientie florens Chr. Kirkstall 122. 2 (in or as name of plant): a wort, medicinal herb or plant. b radish (Raphanus sativus). c (~ix arboris Mariae) mugwort or tansy. d (~ix dulcis or Pontica) liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). e (~ix minutae genestellae) tragacanth (Astragalus). f (~ix zinziberis) root ginger. g (~ix Herculis) dog’s mercury, annual mercury (Mercurialis perennis or annua). h (~ix minor) gorse (Genista). a ~ibus virtuosis oriens precellens Gir. TH I 39 p. 72.  b quod raphanum Greci, nos ~icem vocamus Neckam NR II 60 p. 166; raphanum, A. radiche. ~ix quando simpliciter idem. idem significat quod raphanum usuale SB 36; ~ix quando simpliciter ponitur pro raphano usualiter intelligitur Alph. 153.  c ~ix arboris Marie, i. atanasia SB 36.  d gliquiritia, i. ~ix pontica Gl. Laud. 752; glycyrrhiza called in Latin ~ix dulcis is named in English lycores ‥ Turner Herb Names D iiii p. 106.  e aspaltium, i. minutae genestellae ~ix Gl. Laud. 105.  f 1271 solvent annuatim ‥ unam ~icem gyngiberis ad natale Domini Cart. Osney I 19; 1279 solvit ‥ per annum ‥ unum clavum gariofili et unam ~icem ging’ Hund. II 341b; c1280 reddendo ‥ j ~icem zinzebery ad Natale Domini Carte Nativ. 467 p. 155; 1294 reddendo ‥ unam ~icem gingeberis ad Natale Domini Deeds Newcastle 39; 1295 reddendo ‥ unam ~icem zinzeberis ad Pascha ‥ Cart. Osney I 55.  g ~ix Herculis, A. mercury or smerdock Plant Names 218.  h ~ix minor, genest MS St John’s Coll. Camb. E 6 f. 81ra. 3 (anat.) embedded or basal portion (of organ or part of body), root, base. b (w. ref. to umbilical cord). [digitum] minimum solum ‥ super palmae ~icem pones Bede TR 1 p. 179; a1153 pollex ‥ debet mensurari ad ~icem unguis pollicis (Assisa de Mensuris) APScot I 673; non tamen sic constringuntur quin aliquantulum sint aperti per ~icem pilorum interius existentem Quaest. Salern. P 43; ~ices [Trevisa: þe sinowis of felinge] nervorum sensibilium Bart. Angl. IV 5 p. 97; ~ices [Trevisa:rootes] lingue et sensibiles nervi Ib. V 21 p. 154; putredo accidit ‥ a malis humoribus ‥ ad ~ices dentium venientibus et ipsas corrumpentibus Gilb. III 160v 2; [ossa] que sustentamenta et ~ices membrorum nobilium Ps.-Ric. Anat. 5; in ~ice nasi sunt duo foramina exeuntia ad angulos lacrimales Ib. 28; ciragra est dolor in lacertis et juncturis manuum et digitis incipiens ‥ deinde ad ~icem manus se movens Gad. 35. 2; spiritus fluens non est ~ix cordis accipiendo cor pro parte principali cordis ‥ . virtus est in spiritu ut in ~ice, in corpore cordis ut in ramo Ib. 67v. 1.  b illud semen superficietenus matrici alligatur, ex cujus calore prefati spermatis fumositatibus decoctis ab ipsa matrice dividitur et per ~icem per quam nutrimentum accipit tenetur Quaest. Salern. B 194. 4 bottom, base, foot: a (of mountain); b (of castle wall). a Augustinus episcopus volans per montium culmina quasi aquila, ea quae in montium ~icibus fiunt non considerans Ps.-Bede Collect. 318; ad ~ices montis Libani ubi Jordanis fontes sunt Bede Nom. Act. 1036; ad cujus montis ~icem est ecclesia Sancti Petri perpulchra quamvis deserta Sæwulf 74; cujus [montis] ad ~ices ‥ monasterium construxerat Gir. TH III 2 p. 141.  b ad ~ices pedis castelli defluit amnis piscosus W. Malm. GP III 130 p. 270. 5 (fig., of that from which anything stems); b (applied to God); c (also pl., w. ref. to lineage or descent). d (~ix Jesse, cf. et. Is. xi 1) root or tree of Jesse (also w. ref. to Christ); e (as iconographical subject) depiction of the Tree of Jesse. dilectio mundi cunctorum est ~ix ac fomes vitiorum Bede Ep. Cath. 92; ad ~icem [gl.: i. ad initium] nostri sudoris signum, id est caracter, ponamus Byrht. Man. 204; nusquam amoris stabilitus ~icibus Anselm (Ep. 37) III 146; ~ices alkimie practice multum sciuntur per hec que hic tractavi Bacon Tert. 42; pro declaracione istius materie supponende sunt due ~ices ‥ prima, quod nec Deus nec homo concedit quidquam nature peccabili nisi ‥ alia autem ~ix est quod ‥ Wycl. Ver. III 48; dicor Donatus sum radix grammaticatus Vers. S. Alb. Libr. 219.  b Deum creatorem omnium rerum, ~icem et fundamentum principaliter esse Petrus Dial. 24.  c hominem enim oportet esse qui de ~ice hominis egreditur Gros. Cess. Leg. II 3. 8; David ~ix est universe stirpe [sic] sue (Interp. Apoc.) MS Bodleian Douce 180 p. 97b; s1339 legi ergo regni Francie sufficiat ‥ matri, non suo vicio sed nature facto que feminam fecit illam ~ices regias succidisse Ad. Mur. Chr. 94; nam lex nature, quem divine providencie diximus radium, mulierem a suppremo regimine in ~ice humani generis, ubi ipsa genus illud in sexus duos destincxit, naturaliter propellebat Fortescue NLN II 30.  d flos virgulti de ~ice [gl.: germine, origine] Jesse descendens Aldh. VirgP 13 p. 242; ecce illum qui nominatur ~ix Jesse Eccl. & Synag. 118; splendida quam felix Jesse est et florida radix Wulf. Brev. 99; cum ceteri spiritus super florem de ~ice Jesse requiescant J. Ford Serm. 9. 6; per eum qui egredietur de ~ice Jesse Gros. Cess. Leg. II 3. 9; sed papa ‥ / non curat quid faciant metentes in messe: / ecce radix Jesse teritur compulsa subesse (Divers. Ordin. 12) Ps.-Map 229.  e 1236 verinam ‥ in qua depicta sit ~ix Jesse Cal. Liberate VI 2417 p. 287. 6 (arith.) root. b (~ix quadrata or sim.) square root. ~ix, que in geometri latus dicitur, est cujuslibet numeri numerus qui in se ipsum ductus ipsum efficiet, ut 3 novenarii Adel. Alch. 25; ~ix est omnis res ex unitatibus in se multiplicata Rob. Angl. (I) Alg. 68; sexta est dividere, set quinta est multiplicare / radicem extrahere pars septima dicitur esse (Carm. Alg. 32) Early Arith. 73; minuere, mediare, multiplicare, dividere, et ~ices extrahere Bacon Maj. I 220; queram ~icem que necessario erit quantitas linee EF que est sinus rectus porcionis EE Wallingf. Quad. 28; si vero gradus fuerunt quorum ~ix querenda est ~ix erit gradus. si vero ‥ alicujus generis fraccionum fuerit numerus subduplus ad denominatorem numeri quadrandi Killingworth Alg. 716.  b hujus igitur ~ice quadrata accepta ‥ Rob. Angl. (I) Alg. 72; postea hujus aggregati ~icem quadratam accipias Ib. (v. exprimere 6); inveniam ergo ~icem illius quadrati que est quantitas linee FD Wallingf. Quad. 26; c1680 regulas arithmeticas ‥ didici usque ad extractionem ~icis quadraticae EHR XIII 310. 7 (in computus) basis of calculation, radix. quod et faciunt astronomi alii habentes eram, ~ices et tabulas a tempore diluvii institutas Bradw. CD 141B; 1387 istud kalendarium ‥ habet sibi suppositas duas tabulas parvas ostendentes aureum numerum et litteram Dominicalem pro omni tempore, sumpto anno in quo fueris pro ~ice ‥ SB 5. 8 (mus.) fundamental note, root (of hexachord). b melody of which the rhythm provides the model for a run of notes. c sign that indicates time as the root of mensuration. septem sunt ~ices in gamma, tres super G per b quadratum, due super C per proprium cantum, due super F per b molle Amerus Pract. Artis Mus. 2. 8 p. 22.  b ordo autem procedit ab uno principio, principium a ~ice. ~ix est quilibet cantus primo datus. exemplum prime ~icis Garl. Mus. Mens. app. P 92; que quidem ordinatio fit ab aliquo tropo certo tamquam pro ~ice sumpto, ut in antiphonario et gradali Mens. & Disc. (Anon. IV) 23.  c ponitur eciam maxima pro numero mixto cujus ~ix est perfecta, similiter numero mixto cujus ~ix est imperfecta Hothby Cant. Mens. L 54.

rādīx, (9) īcis, f. , ¶ 1 racine : arbores ab radicibus subruere Cæs. G. 6, 27, 4, détacher par-dessous des arbres de leurs racines ; radices agere Varro R. 1, 35, 1, pousser des racines, cf. Cic. Off. 2, 43 [mittere, emittere Cels. Med. 3, 18 ] || au sing. : Virg. G. 2, 292 ; Plin. 13, 128 ; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 150 || [en part.] radix Syriaca ou radix seul : Col. Rust. 11, 3, 16 ; Hor. S. 2, 8, 8, raifort ¶ 2 [fig.] a) in radicibus Caucasi natus Cic. Tusc. 2, 52, né au pied du Caucase, cf. Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 9 ; Cæs. G. 7, 36, etc. || au sing., a Palatii radice devexus Cic. Div. 1, 101, qui descend du pied du mont Palatin ; b) racine, base : [de la langue] Cic. Nat. 2, 136 ; Ov. M. 6, 557 ; [des plumes] Ov. M. 2, 583 ; [dʼun rocher] Lucr. 2, 102 ; c) racine = fondement, source, origine : virtus altissimis defixa radicibus Cic. Phil. 4, 13, vertu attachée à de profondes racines, reposant sur un solide fondement ; vir ex isdem, quibus nos, radicibus natus Cic. Sest. 50, homme de la même souche que moi [souche provinciale] || Pompeius, eo robore vir, iis radicibus Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4, Pompée, un homme si solide, si bien ancré [dʼun prestige si profondément enraciné].

➳ gén. pl. ord^t radicum ; radicium Char. 124, 31.

radix , icis. f.
根。水蘿菔。— montis 山麓。— linguae 舌根。Radices agere {}

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rādīx īcis, f

• 2 RAD-, a root: radices palmarum conligebant: Virga radicibus actis surrexit, struck root, O.: arbores ab radicibus subruere, Cs.: radicibus eruta pinus, V.: genus radicis inventum, quod admixtum lacte, etc., Cs.: (herbas) radice revellit, O.: monstratā radice vel herbā (as a medicine), H.—A radish: lactucae, radices, H., O.—The root, lower part, foot, foundation: in radicibus Caucasi natus: sub ipsis radicibus montis, Cs.: a Palati radice.—A point of origin, supporting part, root: linguae, O.: vivum (saxum) radice tenetur, O.—Fig., a root, ground, basis, foundation, origin, source.—Only plur: vera gloria radices agit atque etiam propagatur: virtus altissimis defixa radicibus: Pompeius eo robore vir, iis radicibus, i. e. so firmly established in the State: a radicibus evertere domum, utterly, Ph.: ex iisdem, quibus nos, radicibus natus, i. e. of the same city.