solvo

primis tenebris solvit navem
at dusk he set sail somno vinoque solutus
relaxed by sleep and wine aes alienum solvere oportet
it is necessary to pay the debt

solvō, solvī, solūtus, 3, a.: to unbind, loosen, 6.652, et al.; unfurl, 4.574; unfasten, cast off, 5.773; unyoke, unharness; of the hair, undo, dishevel, 3.65, et al.; dissolve, confound, mix, 12.205; separate, divide, 5.581; (fig.), set free, release, disenthrall, 4.487; exempt, release, 10.111; break, 10.91; pay, fulfill, perform, 3.404; dispel, cast off, banish, 4.55; 1.463; paralyze, 1.92; 12.951; of sleep or drunkenness, relax, 5.856; drown, 9.189; (pass.), solvor, sink, 4.530. (2. sē- and luō)

solvo, solvi, solūtum, 3, v. a. (perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13: soluisse, Tib. 3, 11, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.

• I To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
• • A In a corporeal sense.
  • • 1 Outwardly, to release.
    • • a From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.: solvite istas, i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64 (838): solvite istum, id. Mil. 5, 32 (1425): numquam, nisi me orassis, solves, id. Ep. 5, 2, 62 (727): jube solvi (eum), Ter. And. 955: ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11: ut vincti solvantur, id. ib. 2, 5, 6, § 12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur, id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75: ita nexi soluti (sunt), Liv. 8, 28, 9: solvite me, pueri, Verg. E. 6, 24: fore ut brevi solveretur, Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.: canis solutus catenā, Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. —Transf., from the fetter of frost: solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo), Stat. Th. 5, 15: terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae, Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
      • b From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8: solverat sol equos, unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3: et tibi sollicitā solvitur illa (epistula) manu, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2: et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo, id. H. 11, 4: praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent, Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunicā solutā inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26: solutā togā, Quint. 11, 3, 147: vela solvere, Verg. A. 4, 574.—
      • c From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.: Caucasiā solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia, Prop. 2, 1, 69: fraxinus solvitur, from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498: ceciditque soluta pinus, id. ib. 9, 409; cf.: pinus radice solutā, deficit, id. S. 5, 1, 152: solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5: accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancorā solutā de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore, detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublatā; but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis, Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102: querno solvunt de stipite funem, id. F. 4, 333: fune soluto Currit in immensum carina, id. Am. 2, 11, 23: curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum), Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds: imber caelesti nube solutus, Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfectā vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth: cum solis radii absumant, Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45: solutum a latere pugionem, detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
      • d Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
      • • α With acc. alone: eisce confectis navem solvimus, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91 (91): navim cupimus solvere, id. Mil. 4, 7, 17 (1300): naves solvit, Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26; 3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem, Liv. 45, 6: postero die solvere naves (jussi), id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2: classem solvere, Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
        • β With ab and abl.: navis a terrā solverunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 101: quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves, Liv. 31, 7 med.: solvunt a litore puppes, Luc. 2, 649.—
        • γ With ex and abl.: nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259 (411): interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54 (288).—
        • δ With abl.: complures mercatores Alexandriā solvisse, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50: portu solventibus, id. Mur. 2, 4.—
        • ε Absol. (sc. navem or naves): tertiā fere vigiliā solvit, Caes. B. G. 4, 23: nos eo die cenati solvimus, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2: altero die quam a Brundusio solvit, Liv. 31, 14 init.: qui inde solverant, Val. Max. 1, 7, 3: solvi mare languido, Sen. Ep. 53, 1: fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves, id. Ben. 2, 35, 5: non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi, making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
        • ζ With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore): naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
        • η Poet. usages: de litore puppis solvit iter, clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243: nec tibi Tyrrhenā solvatur funis harenā, Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
      • e Of secretions from the body (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): tempore eo quo menstrua solvit, Lucr. 6, 706: cruor solvitur, Stat. Th. 9, 530: lacrimas solvere, id. Achill. 2, 256: solutis lacrimis, Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so, partūs solvere, to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
    • 2 To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
    • • a In gen.: omne colligatum solvi potest, Cic. Fin. 11.—
      • b Of structures (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): solvere naves et rursus conjungere, Curt. 8, 10, 3: solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2: dubitavit an solveret pontem, Curt. 4, 16, 8: solvere pontem, Tac. A. 1, 69: si pons solutus sit, Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7: solutus pons tempestatibus, Just. 2, 13, 9: currum (solis) solutum, Manil. 1, 740.—
      • c Of woven stuff: solvens texta, Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
      • d Of mountains: utrimque montes solvit (Hercules), Sen. Herc. Fur. 237: tridente Neptunus montem solvit, id. Agam. 553.—
      • e Of the neck: soluta cervix silicis impulsu, broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
      • f Of a comet: momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est, Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
      • g Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall: solve capillos, Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3: crinem, id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46: comas casside, Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
      • h Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra; post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant, Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2: ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems, Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
    • 3 To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into (poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
    • • • α Of a change into air or gas: calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini, dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235: nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta, id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103: ita fatus in aëra rursus solvitur, Stat. Th. 5, 285; nec in aëra solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris, Ov. M. 15, 845.—
        • β Into a liquid, to melt: saepe terra in tabem solvitur, Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7: terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem, id. ib. 3, 29, 4: nullum tellus se solvit in amnem, Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186: ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so, nivem solvere, id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729: rigor auri solvitur aestu, Lucr. 1, 493: ferrum calidi solvant camini, Manil. 4, 250: cerae igne solutae, Ov. A. A. 2, 47: Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur, Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142: (herba) quinto die solvitur, id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
        • γ Of putrefaction: (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem, Verg. G. 4, 302.—
        • δ Of change in general: inque novas abiit massa soluta domos, Ov. F. 1, 108: repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tantā varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies), Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
        • ε Of expansion by heat: (uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu, Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
        • ζ Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy: gravitas aëris solvitur, Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
        • η Solvi in, to pass into, become: in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines, Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave: donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur, disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2: postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces), Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
    • 4 To consume, to destroy, dissolve: solvere orbes, Manil. 1, 497: ni calor et ventus ... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum), Lucr. 3, 287: (Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit, Liv. 39, 40, 11: si (cometae) sunt purus ignis ... nec illos conversio mundi solvit, Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2: (turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur, id. ib. 7, 9, 4: tabes solvit corpora, Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809: nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis), id. 3, 506: ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis, Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death: solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas, Sen. Ep. 22, 3: hanc mihi solvite vitam, Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
  • B Trop.
  • • 1 To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
    • • a From the body, etc.: teque isto corpore solvo, Verg. A. 4, 703: solutā corpore animā, Quint. 5, 14, 13: qui solutas vinculis animas recipit, Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100: vocem solvere, to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292: suspiria solvit, Stat. Th. 11, 604: solvat turba jocos, Sen. Med. 114: solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere), Hor. S. 1, 4, 83: Ausonii ... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto, unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
      • b Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words: linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit, Ov. M. 3, 261: lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta, Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7: ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est, id. Const. 11, 3: (fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas, Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them: magna difficili solventem bracchia motu, Stat. Ach. 1, 604; cf. of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores, unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
      • c From obligations and debts: solvit me debito, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1: an nos debito solverit, id. Ep. 81, 3: ut religione civitas solvatur, Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9: te decem tauri ... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione), Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath: hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando, Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militiā solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service: sacramento solvi, Tac. A. 16, 13: cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur, Dig. 49, 16, 13: militiā solvere, Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties: ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur, Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.: ut manere solveretur, that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
      • d From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime): si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur, be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31: atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit, id. ib. 4, 9: sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei, Ov. F. 6, 452: ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas, id. ib. 2, 40: Helenen ego crimine solvo, id. A. A. 2, 371: quid crimine solvis Germanum? Stat. Th. 11, 379: solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
      • e From feelings, etc.: quae eos qui quaesissent curā et negotio solverent, Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30: cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris, Ter. Hec. 230: senatus curā belli solutus, Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7: pectus linquunt curā solutum, Lucr. 2, 45: his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56: soluti metu, Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51: solvent formidine terras, Verg. E. 4, 14: solve metu patriam, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41: metu belli Scythas solvit, Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5: haec est Vita solutorum miserā ambitione, Hor. S. 1, 6, 129: soluti a cupiditatibus, Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27: his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementiā, Hor. Epod. 17, 43: longo luctu, Verg. A. 2, 26: tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitiā), Sen. Hippol. 450: solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi, id. Herc. Fur. 1063: Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit? Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. —Poet.: solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis), the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals: rabie tigrim, Manil. 5, 707.—Absol.: ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus), Sen. Ep. 95, 38: calices, quem non fecere contractā in paupertate solutum? i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20: solvite animos, Manil. 4, 12.—With in: vix haec in munera solvo animum, i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
      • f From sleep, very rare: ego somno solutus sum, awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. β, γ infra).—
      • g From labor, business, etc.: volucres videmus ... solutas opere volitare, Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23: solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor, Sen. Oedip. 685.—Poet.: Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi, to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
      • h From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): frontem solvere disce, Mart. 14, 183: saltem ora trucesque solve genas, Stat. Th. 11, 373: solvit feros tunc ipse rictus, Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.—Poet.: solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur, be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5: vultum risu solvit, relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5: risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat, Quint. 6, 3, 1; so, solvere judicem, unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3: solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu), Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4: ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum, Hor. S. 2, 6, 83: cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant? Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.: solventur risu tabulae, i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated: quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur, Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
      • k From any cause of restraint.
      • • α To release from siege: Bassanitas obsidione solvere, Liv. 44, 30: patriam obsidione solvere, Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
        • β From moral restraints: hic palam cupiditates suas solvit, gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
      • l From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
      • • α To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege: Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus, Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11: cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc., id. ib. 2, 13, 31: ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis, id. Agr. 2, 36, 99: Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aeliā et Furiā), id. Att. 1, 16, 13: solvatne legibus Scipionem, Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2: petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur, Liv. 31, 50, 8: Scipio legibus solutus est, id. Epit. 56: Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus, Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.: ut munere vigintiviratūs solveretur, Tac. A. 3, 29.—Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.: (aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur, Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6: solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur, id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5: nec leti lege solutas, Lucr. 3, 687: nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati), Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition: et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret, Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
        • β Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from: reus Postumus est eā lege ... solutus ac liber, i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12: soluti (lege Juliā) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete, id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws: solutus Legibus insanis, Hor. S. 2, 6, 68: quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae, Sen. Ep. 65, 20.—Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
    • 2 To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
    • • • α Of troops, ranks, etc.: ubi ordines procursando solvissent, Liv. 42, 65, 8: incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus, Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6: agmina Diductis solvere choris, Verg. A. 5, 581: solvit maniplos, Juv. 8, 154: solvuntur laudata cohors, Stat. Ach. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle: commissas acies ego possum solvere, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
        • β Of banquets, assemblies, etc.: convivio soluto, Liv. 40, 14 fin.: convivium solvit, Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16: Quid cessas convivia solvere? Ov. F. 6, 675: coetuque soluto Discedunt, id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
        • γ Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse: (discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari, Quint. 1, 9, 2: quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet, id. 9, 4, 14: ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates, id. 1, 8, 13: non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poëtae, Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
    • 3 Implying a change for the worse.
    • • a To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.): Hannibalem hiberna solverunt, Sen. Ep. 51, 5: usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur, Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6: infantiam statim deliciis solvimus, Quint. 1, 2, 6: solutus luxu, id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.: soluti in luxum, Tac. H. 2, 99: in lasciviam, id. ib. 3, 38.—Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm: si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum, Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
      • b To make torpid by removing sensation.
      • • α To relax, benumb the limbs or body; as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt, Lucr. 6, 798: ima Solvuntur latera, Verg. G. 3, 523: solvi debilitate corporis, paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4: ut soluto labitur moriens gradu, Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.—Poet.: illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes, Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind: segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos, wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52: mentes solvere, to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
        • β By frost (poet.): solvuntur illi frigore membra, Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
        • γ By sleep (poet. for sopio): homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies, Ov. M. 7, 186: corpora somnus Solverat, id. ib. 10, 369: molli languore solutus, id. ib. 11, 648; 11, 612: altoque sopore solutum, id. ib. 8, 817: somno vinoque solutos, id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236: ut membra solvit sopor, id. ib. 12, 867: non solvit pectora somnus, Sen. Agam. 76.—With in: solvitur in somnos, Verg. A. 4, 530.—Transf., of the sea: aequor longā ventorum pace solutum, lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
        • δ By death: solvi, to die (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78: corporibus quae senectus solvit, Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra): (corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2: alius inter cenandum solutus est, id. Ep. 66, 43: ubicumque arietaveris, solveris, id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3: me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant, Sen. Troad. 605: solvi inediā, Petr. 111: sic morte quasi somno soluta est, Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
    • 4 Of logical dissolution, to refute: non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur, how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22: argumentum solvere, Quint. 2, 17, 34: solutum scies quod nobis opponitur, Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
    • • b To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud: deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia, Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
• II To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
• • A In a corporeal sense.
  • • 1 In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo; post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius, Quint. 2, 12, 1: quā convulsā tota operis colligatio solveretur, Val. Max. 8, 14, 6: superā compage solutā, Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
    • 2 To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.: nullo solvente catenas, Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7: solvere frenum, Phaedr. 1, 2, 3: loris solutis, Ov. A. A. 1, 41.—Transf., of prisons: qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit, Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost: gelu solvitur, it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79: solvitur acris hiems, Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds: facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur, Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.: Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit, looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246: indigno non solvit bracchia collo, Stat. Th. 5, 217: digitis solutis abjecit jaculum, id. ib. 8, 585.—
    • 3 To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.: solve vidulum ergo, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98 (1142): eam solve cistulam, id. Am. 2, 2, 151 (783): solve zonam, untie, id. Truc. 5, 62 (954): solvisse jugalem ceston fertur, Stat. Th. 5, 62: animai nodos a corpore solvit, Lucr. 2, 950: nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur, Curt. 3, 1, 18: quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris? Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2: solvere nodum, Stat. Th. 11, 646: laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere, Sen. Tranq. 10, 1: vix solvi duros a pectore nexus, Ov. M. 9, 58: fasciam solve, Sen. Ep. 80, 10: solutis fasciis, Curt. 7, 6, 5: solvi fasciculum, Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2: crinales vittas, Verg. A. 7, 403: Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens, Curt. 7, 2, 25: equum empturus solvi jubes stratum, Sen. Ep. 80, 9: redimicula solvite collo, Ov. F. 4, 135: corollas de fronte, Prop. 1, 3, 21: solvere portas, Stat. Th. 3, 492: munimina valli, id. ib. 12, 10: ille pharetram Solvit, Ov. M. 5, 380.—Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood: solutis ac patefactis venis, Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5: venam cultello solvere, Col. 6, 14; cf. also: lychnis alvum solvit, looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67: ventrem, Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.—Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29: stomachus solutus = venter solutus, loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
  • B Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
  • • 1 Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
    • • a Of the mouth, etc., to open: talibus ora solvit verbis, Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 3, 11, 14: ternis ululatibus ora Solvit, Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Ach. 1, 525: vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor, Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so, os promptius ac solutius, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.—Transf., of an abyss: hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus, Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
      • b To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.: si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum, Gai. Inst. 3, 160: cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur, id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152: morte solvetur compromissum, Dig. 4, 8, 27: soluto matrimonio, ib. 24, 3, 2: solutum conjugium, Juv. 9, 79: qui ... conjugalia solvit, Sen. Med. 144: nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus, Ov. M. 11, 743: (sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet, cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
      • c To efface guilt or wrong: magnis injuria poenis Solvitur, Ov. F. 5, 304: solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas, id. ib. 2, 44: culpa soluta mea est, id. Tr. 4, 4, 10: neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam), Ter. Ad. 164.—
      • d Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra; less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt, Cic. Mil. 31, 85: capite poenas solvit, Sall. J. 69, 4: meritas poenas solventem, Curt. 6, 3, 14: poenarum solvendi tempus, Lucr. 5, 1224: nunc solvo poenas, Sen. Phoen. 172: hac manu poenas tibi solvam, id. Hippol. 1177.—
      • e To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.: atque animi curas e pectore solvat, Lucr. 4, 908: curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere, Hor. Epod. 9, 38: patrimonii cura solvatur, Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. § 2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto, Val. Max. 4, 3, 14: solvite corde metum, Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90: solve metus animo, Stat. Th. 2, 356: solvi pericula et metus narrant, Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, Ov. M. 9, 274: hoc uno solvitur ira modo, id. A. A. 2, 460: solvitque pudorem, Verg. A. 4, 55.—
      • f Of sleep: quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor, Ov. M. 3, 6, 30: nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes, Luc. 6, 768; cf.: lassitudinem solvere, Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
      • g Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
      • • α To raise a siege: solutam cernebat obsidionem, Liv. 36, 10, 14: solutā obsidione, id. 36, 31, 7: ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem, id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
        • β Of passions, etc., to remove restraint: cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus, Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
        • γ To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.: quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat, Sall. J. 39, 5: imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui, Sen. Oedip. 525: sonipedes imperia solvunt, id. Hippol. 1084; cf.: sanctitas fori ludis solvitur, Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
      • h Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate: solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum), Curt. 10, 2, 5: solutae a se legis monitus, Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4: cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus, Liv. 8, 4, 7: (Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit, id. 1, 49, 7: oportebat istum morem solvi, Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
    • 2 Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
    • • a To subvert discipline: disciplinam militarem solvisti, Liv. 8, 7, 16: luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse, id. 40, 1, 4: quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset, Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
      • b Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse: nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa, Sall. J. 41, 6: patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1: vires solvere, Quint. 9, 4, 7: vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus, Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
      • c Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy: segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae, Hor. C. 3, 21, 22; similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26: hoc firmos solvit amores, Ov. A. A. 2, 385: amores cantibus et herbis solvere, Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
      • d Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove: vitex dicitur febres solvere, Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60: solvit jejunia granis, Ov. F. 4, 607: quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat, id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so, famem, Sen. Thyest. 64.—
      • e To delay: hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur, Sen. Troad. 1131.—
      • f Of darkness, to dispel: lux solverat umbras, Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
      • g Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle: aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe, Sen. Phoen. 406: electus formae certamina solvere pastor, Stat. Ach. 2, 337: jurgia solvere, Manil. 3, 115: contradictiones solvere, Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
      • h Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove: quia quaestionem solvere non posset, Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3: aenigmata, Quint. 8, 6, 53: omnes solvere posse quaestiones, Suet. Gram. 11: haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere, Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1: unum tantum hoc solvendum est, that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3: puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere, id. Ep. 48, 6: carmina non intellecta Solverat, Ov. M. 7, 760: triste carmen alitis solvi ferae, Sen. Oedip. 102: nodos juris, Juv. 8, 50: proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem, Quint. 5, 10, 96: plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere, id. 1, 10, 49: quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata, id. 3, 7, 3: ambiguitatem or amphiboliam, id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
    • 3 In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
    • • a To pay.
      • • α Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula: quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine ... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneāque librā, Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.: inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram), Liv. 6, 14, 5: quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit, id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person: pro vecturā rem solvit? paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27 (433): ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus, id. Aul. 3, 5, 51 (525): tibi res soluta est recte, id. Curc. 4, 3, 21 (553): ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessitā meo, id. ib. 5, 2, 20 (618): rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo, id. ib. 5, 3, 45 (723): dum te strenuas, res erit soluta, id. Ps. 2, 2, 35 (628): res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo, id. Rud. 5, 3, 57 (1413).—Trop.: saepe edunt (aves); semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi, they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66 (218).—And to pay by other things than money: si tergo res solvonda'st, by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54 (310): habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius, id. Curc. 3, 9 (379): tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus, id. Rud. 2, 6, 74 (558).—Hence,
        • β Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person: cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt, Cic. Fl. 18, 43: ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis, id. ib. 20, 46: misimus qui pro vecturā solveret, id. Att. 1, 3, 2: qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet, Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5: ut creditori solvat, Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.—Pass. impers.: si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis, it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46 (639): numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur, to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84: fraudandi spe sublatā solvendi necessitas consecuta est, id. ib. 2, 24, 84: cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur, Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence: non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere, Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
        • γ With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay: postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10: hoc quod debeo peto a te ut ... solutum relinquas, settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3: solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam, id. Fl. 23, 54: ex quā (pensione) major pars est ei soluta, id. Att. 16, 2, 1: solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit, Val. Max. 6, 2, 11: aes alienum solvere, Sen. Ep. 36, 5: quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas? id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so, debitum solvere, id. ib. 6, 30, 2: ne pecunias creditas solverent, Cic. Pis. 35, 86: ut creditae pecuniae solvantur, Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1: ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse, Liv. 6, 15, 5: ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur, Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts: cum patriae quod debes solveris, Cic. Marcell. 9, 27: debet vero, solvitque praeclare, id. Phil. 13, 11, 25: aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur, Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1: qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit, id. ib. 2, 22 fin.—
        • δ By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecuniā rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.: emi: pecuniam solvi, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43: pro frumento nihil solvit, id. ib. 2, 3, 72, § 169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit, Liv. 44, 16: hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset, Nep. Milt. 7, 6: nisi pecuniam solvisset, id. Cim. 1, 1: condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti ... solverent, Liv. 30, 37 med.: pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus, id. 36, 3, 1: pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis, id. 32, 26, 14: pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum, id. 40, 39 fin.: meritam mercedem, id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12: quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur, Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38: stipendium, Liv. 28, 32, 1: dotem mulieri, Dig. 24, 3, 2: litem aestimatam, the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.: arbitria funeris, the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18: solvere dodrantem, to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1: dona puer solvit, paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so, munera, id. ib. 11, 104.—Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors: et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris ... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc., Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq.—Of the delivery of slaves: si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit, Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.—Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.—Pass. with personal subject: si (actor) solutus fuisset, Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, β supra). —
        • ε Esp., in certain phrases, to pay: aliquid praesens solvere, to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so, aliquid de praesentibus solvere, Sen. Ep. 97, 16: solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae, Vell. 2, 25: quas solvere grates sufficiam? Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit; nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum, Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment: unum haec epistula in debitum solvet, id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliquā re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one (out of any fund): Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat, Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4: homines dicere, se a me solvere, id. ib. 5, 21, 11: (summa) erat solvenda de meo, Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2: operas solvere alicui, to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required: stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi, Gai. Inst. 4, 90: iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret, Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8; 2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis, a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.—Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf. in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset, Liv. 31, 13: nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur, Dig. 50, 17, 105: qui modo solvendo sint, Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121: si solvendo sint, Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1: nec interest, solvendo sit, necne, Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent: solvendo non erat, Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3: cum solvendo civitates non essent, id. Fam. 3, 8, 2: tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 4: ne videatur non fuisse solvendo, id. Off. 2, 22, 79; and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es, Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.: *non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay), Vitr. 10, 6 fin.—
      • b To fulfil the duty of burial.
      • • α Justa solvere; with dat. of the person: qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset, who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23: justis defunctorum corporibus solutis, Curt. 3, 12, 15: proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus, id. 10, 6, 7: ut justa soluta Remo, Ov. F. 5, 452: nunc justa nato solve, Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
        • β Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere: exsequiis rite solutis, Verg. A. 7, 5: cruor sancto solvit inferias viro, Sen. Hippol. 1198: solvere suprema militibus, Tac. A. 1, 61.—
      • c Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
      • • α Alone: vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit, Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11: quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse, Liv. 31, 9 fin.: liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis, id. 40, 44, 8: placatis diis votis rite solvendis, id. 36, 37 fin.: petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret, id. 45, 44: animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum, Sen. Ep. 73, 5: vota pro incolumitate solvebantur, Tac. A. 2, 69: vota pater solvit, Ov. M. 9, 707: ne votum solvat, Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext.—Poet.: voti debita solvere, Ov. F. 5, 596; cf. the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO), Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.: V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI), ib. 2022 et saep.: sacra solvere (=votum solvere), Manil. 1, 427.—
        • β With dat.: ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere, Plaut. Rud. prol. 60: vota Jovi solvo, Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153: sunt vota soluta deae, id. F. 6, 248: dis vota solvis, Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4: libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta), Just. 18, 5, 4.—
      • d Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, exsolvere; cf.: fidem obligatam liberare, Suet. Claud. 9): illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere, Flor. 1, 1, 12; similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat), Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 642: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
      • e Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare): perinde quasi promissum solvens, Val. Max. 9, 6, 1: solvitur quod cuique promissum est, Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.; similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur, what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.
• —Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
• • A Lit.
  • • 1 (Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11 (205): tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto, id. Ep. 5, 2, 25 (690): reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines, id. Truc. 4, 3, 63 (837): cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat? Cic. Deiot. 7, 22: nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus, unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53: duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit, Liv. 27, 51: eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant, id. 24, 45, 10: non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit, Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
    • 2 (Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus; post-Aug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus, Sen. Ep. 90, 21; ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur, Col. 2, 9: soluta et facilis terra, id. 3, 14; solum solutum vel spissum, id. 2, 2 init.; seri vult raphanus terrā solutā, umidā, Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83: hordeum seri non vult, nisi in siccā et solutā terrā, id. 18, 7, 18, § 79: solutiores ripae, Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants: mas spissior, femina solutior, Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness: dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur, Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
    • 3 (Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused: turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur, Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3: aër agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est, id. ib. 1, 2, 10: debet aër nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc., id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
  • B Trop.
  • • 1 (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready: (orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis, Cic. Or. 47, 173: verbis solutus satis, id. ib. 47, 174: solutissimus in dicendo, id. ib. 48, 180.—
    • 2 Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.: quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus? Cic. Planc. 30, 72: soluta (praedia) meliore in causā sunt quam obligata, unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9: si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber, Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5; non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim, id. ib. 4, 21, 3; solutus omni fenore, Hor. Epod. 2, 4; nam eā (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse, Liv. 8, 32, 5: Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
    • 3 Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.: quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est ... noxali judicio subjectum non esse, Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17: apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam, Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4: omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum, i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poenā fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.: maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc., Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
    • 4 Free from cares, undistracted: animo soluto liberoque, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185: sed paulo solutiore tamen animo, id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
    • 5 At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.: te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas, Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2: quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit, id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.: Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis, Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
    • 6 Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial: quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc., Cic. Dom. 39, 104: an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere? Sen. Ep. 23, 4: vultus, Stat. Th. 5, 355: (mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt, unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
    • 7 Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent: cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam, Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1: ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania, Liv. 29, 1 fin.: Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit, Val. Max. 7, 2, 6: incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt, Tac. A. 2, 4: quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat, Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals: rectore solutos (solis) equos, Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
    • 8 Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced: nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera, Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66; cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur, id. Div. 1, 2, 4: judicio senatus soluto et libero, id. Phil. 5, 15, 41: sum enim ad dignitatem in re publicā solutus, id. Att. 1, 13, 2: libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio, id. Fin. 1, 10, 33: si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publicā non alius essem atque nunc sum, id. Fam. 1, 9, 21: liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant, uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
    • 9 Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose: amores soluti et liberi, Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4: licentia, id. ib. 4, 4, 4: populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint, id. ib. 1, 34, 53: quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere, id. Mil. 13, 34: quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat, Liv. 27, 31 fin.: adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat, id. 2, 1, 2: solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur, a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1: spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere, Suet. Aug. 44: mores soluti, licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
    • 10 Regardless of rules, careless, loose: orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu, Cic. Brut. 62, 225: dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia, Tac. A. 16, 18.—
    • 11 Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
    • • • α Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style: est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis, Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
        • β More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse); in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit, Cic. Or. 52, 174: mollis est enim oratio philosophorum ... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius, id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234; 68, 228: si omnes solutā oratione scripserunt, Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui; de oratione solutā duos, de poëticā unum, id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.: ut in solutā oratione, sic in poëmateis, id. ib. 7, 1: primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in solutā oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari, Cic. Brut. 8, 32: Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio, id. Or. 57, 192: et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari, id. ib. 64, 215: a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio, id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
        • γ Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious: ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi ... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur, Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186: nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris, id. Brut. 79, 274: orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto, id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
        • δ Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style: soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structurā caret, Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69: solutiora componere, id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
    • 12 Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.): sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est, Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
    • 13 Undisciplined, disorderly: omnia soluta apud hostes esse, Liv. 8, 30, 3: nihil temeritate solutum, Tac. A. 13, 40: apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere, Just. 34, 2, 2.—
    • 14 Lax, remiss, weak: mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat, Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27: Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem, Tac. Or. 18: soluti ac fluentes, Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence: solutum genus orationis, a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3: quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore curā, laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
  • C (Acc. to II. B. 3. ε supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases: aliquid in solutum dare, to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment: qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit, Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4: qui rem in solutum accipit, Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19; in solutum imputare, to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled: pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse, Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him: pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causā recepit, Dig. 41, 3, 46.—Adv.: sŏlūtē.
  • • 1 Thinly: corpora diffusa solute, Lucr. 4, 53.—
    • 2 Of speech, fluently: non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere, Cic. Brut. 29, 110: ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias, id. ib. 81, 280: quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur, Tac. A. 4, 31.—
    • 3 Irregularly, loosely: a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita, Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
    • 4 Freely, without restraint: generaliter puto judicem justum ... solutius aequitatem sequi, i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
    • 5 Of style, without connection, loosely: enuntiare, Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
    • 6 Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently: praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus), Liv. 39, 1, 4: in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes, id. 23, 37, 6.—
    • 7 Weakly, tamely, without vigor: quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter, Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
    • 8 Of morals, loosely, without restraint: ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret, Tac. A. 13, 47.

solvo, solvī, solūtum, ere (se u. luo), lösen, I) etwas An- od. Zusammengebundenes ab-, auflösen, los-, aufbinden, los-, aufwickeln, A) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig.: funem a stipite, Ov.: corollas de nostra fronte, Prop. – a corpore brachia od. nexus, Ov.: vinculum epistulae, Curt.: vincla iugis (boum), Tibull.: catenas, Ov.: frenum, Phaedr.: crines, capillos, Tibull., Hor. u.a.: tunicas, Tibull.: zonas, Hor.: nodum, Tibull. – 2) prägn.: a) lebender Wesen Bande lösen, sie losbinden, entfesseln, alqm, Plaut. u. Ter.: equum senescentem, abspannen, Hor.: canem, Phaedr.: leones soluti (Ggstz. alligati), Sen. – b) lebloser Dinge Bande lösen und sie so öffnen, cistulam, Plaut.: epistulam, Cic.: venam cultello, Colum.: ora (den Mund), Ov.: ergastula, Brut. in Cic. ep. u. Caes. – als mediz. t.t., ventrem, alvum, offenen Leib machen, Colum., Cels. u. Plin. – c) als naut. t.t., solvere ancoram od. navem, den befestigten Anker, das am Lande befestigte Schiff lösen, den Anker lichten, absegeln, Cic. u.a.: ebenso solvere oram, Quint., funem, Verg., naviculae funem (Ggstz. praecīdere), Hieron.: funem arenā, Prop.: u. absol., e portu navis solvitur, segelt ab, Plaut.: naves conscenderunt et a terra solverunt, Caes.: Alexandriā, portu solvere (v. den Schiffern), Cic.: naves ex portu solverunt, Caes.

B) übtr.: 1) als kaufm. t.t. = eine Schuld, einen Lohn usw. lösen, abtragen = ab-, be-, auszahlen, a) eig.: α) alqd: decem minas, Plaut.: pecuniam debitam, Cic.: creditas pecunias, Caes.: pretium, Sall. fr.: pretium ex fisco, Eutr.: pro frumento nihil, Cic.: pecunias creditoribus, Plin. ep.: pretium operae praeceptori, Sen.: dotem matri, ICt.: dies solvendae pecuniae, Zahlungstag, Amm. u. ICt. – absol., creditoribus (Dat.), Sen.: qui pro vectura solveret, Cic.: ab alqo, durch jmd. (einen Wechsler usw.), Plaut. u. Cic.: solvendo non erat, war zahlungsunfähig, Cic.; aber auch solvendo aeri alieno non erat, Liv.; u. ad solvendum non esse, Vitr.: in solutum u. pro soluto, als Bezahlung, Sen. u. ICt. – β) solvere alqm, jmd. bezahlen, Plaut.: Passiv solvi = bezahlt werden, ICt. – b) übtr., lösen, abzahlen, abtragen, erweisen, si solveris (ea quae polliceris), Cic.: u. so promissum, Val. Max.: vota, Plaut. u. Cic.: grates alci, Vell. – omnia iusta paterno funeri, Cic.: exsequias rite, Verg.: suprema alci, Tac. – beneficia, vergelten, Cael. in Cic. ep.: fidem, sein Wort lösen, -halten, Ter., Planc. in Cic. ep. u.a. (s. Duker Flor. 1, 1, 12. Krebs-Schmalz Antib.⁷ unter solvere): capite poenas, mit dem Leben büßen, Sall.: iniuriam magnis poenis, Ov. – 2) von etw. (wie von einer Fessel) lösen, befreien, entbinden (dispensieren), entfesseln, alqm curā et negotio, Cic.: alqm dementiā, Hor.: civitatem, rem publicam religione, Cic. u. Liv.: civitatem voto, Iustin.: alqm legibus, Liv.: per aes et libram heredes testamenti (die Testamentserben), Cic.: ego somno solutus sum, entfesselt, Cic.: nec Rutulos solvo, nehme die R. nicht aus, Verg. – linguam ad iurgia, Ov.: cupiditates, Curt.: numeri lege soluti, fessellose, Hor. carm. 4, 2, 12: ut si solvas (entfesselst = in Prosa auflösest) »post quam Discordia etc.«, Hor. sat. 1, 4, 60.

II) zu einem Ganzen Verbundenes auflösen, A) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig.: a) im allg.: pontem, abbrechen, Tac.: navim, zerschellen, Ov. – b) insbes., in Flüssigkeit auflösen = schmelzen, nivem, Ov.: silices fornace, Ov.: rigor auri solvitur aestu, Lucr.: solvuntur viscera, gehen in Fäulnis über, Verg. – 2) übtr.: a) Nebeneinandergestelltes, Vereinigtes lösen, trennen, commissas acies, Prop.: agmina diductis choris, Verg.: amicos, Prop. – b) auflösen = erschlaffen, schwächen, senectus corpus solvit, Curt.: homines solverat alta quies, Ov.: solvuntur frigore membra, Verg.: corpus in Venerem, Verg.: vires ipsas specie solvi, Quint.: in otia solvi, Prop.: solvi morte u. bl. solvi, sterben, Ov.: u. so morbo, inediā solvi, Flor. u. Petron.

B) bildl.: 1) auflösend aufheben, a) ein Ende machen, vertreiben, benehmen, obsidionem, Curt.: convivium, Curt.: iniuriam, Sall. fr.: ebrietatem, Cels.: lassitudinem, Plin.: tristes affectus, Quint.: noctem faces multae variaque lumina solvebant, Plin. ep.: Passiv, hiems solvitur, löst sich = vergeht, Hor. – b) der Kraft entbindend auflösen, aufheben = für ungültig erklären, kassieren, brechen, matrimonium, Iustin.: leges, Curt.: traditum a prio ribus morem, Liv.: istum morem, Curt.: foedus, Eutr.: pacem, Eutr.: fidem, Ambros. de off. 3, 10, 69: ipsam fori sanctitatem ludorum talarium licentiā, entweihen, Quint.: solventur risu tabulae, die Gesetzestafeln werden durch G. ihre Kraft verlieren, Hor. – c) etw. aufgeben, sich einer Sache entschlagen, pudorem (das sittliche Bedenken), Verg.: metum corde, Verg. – 2) erklärend lösen, auflösen, enträtseln, aufklären, iuris nodos et legum aenigmata, Iuven.: aenigmata, Quint.: captiosa, Cic.: carmina, Ov.: errorem omnium, Phaedr. – ➳ Perf. soluīt dreisilb., Catull. 2, 13: soluīsse viersilb., Tibull. 4, 5, 16. – parag. Infin. Präs. Pass. solvier, Boëth. cons. phil. 4. metr. 5, 16.

solvō, (7) solvī, sŏlūtum, ĕre (se et luo) tr., ¶ 1 délier, dénouer, détacher : nodum Curt. 3, 1, 18, défaire un nœud ; vinculum epistulæ Curt. 7, 2, 25, ou epistulam Cic. Att. 15, 4, 4 ; Nep. Hann. 11, 3, ouvrir une lettre ; fasciculum Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2, défaire, ouvrir un paquet ; crinem Ov. M. 11, 682, dénouer la chevelure ; aliquem Pl. Truc. 838, délier qqn ; vincti solvuntur Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, on détache les gens enchaînés, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11 ; Tusc. 1, 75 ; ergastula Brut. d. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 2, délivrer les esclaves ; equum Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8, dételer un cheval || a stipite funem Ov. F. 4, 333, détacher le câble de la souche || ancoram Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1, lever lʼancre, ou naves Cæs. G. 4, 36, 3 ; 5, 8, 2, appareiller, cf. Liv. 29, 25, 13, ou naves a terra Cæs. C. 3, 101, 6, ou solvere abs^t , mettre à la voile Cæs. G. 4, 23, 1 ; Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2 ; e portu solventibus Cic. Mur. 4, à ceux qui sortent du port ; Alexandrea solverunt Cic. Off. 3, 50, ils ont fait voile dʼAlexandrie ; [rar^t ] naves e portu solverunt Cæs. G. 4, 28, 1, les navires quittèrent le port || [fig.] ora solvere Ov. M. 15, 74, etc., ouvrir la bouche || ¶ 2 [fig.] délier, détacher, dégager, délivrer : scelere solvi Cic. Mil. 31, être dégagé du crime ; somno solutus sum Cic. Rep. 6, 29, je fus tiré de mon sommeil ; aliquem cura solvere Cic. Rep. 1, 30, délivrer qqn du souci ; militia solvi Tac. Ann. 1, 44, être délié du service militaire, être renvoyé du service ; solutus opere Cic. de Or. 2, 23, débarrassé de son travail ; aliquem obsidione Liv. 44, 30, 13, délivrer qqn dʼun siège ; legibus solvi Cic. Phil. 11, 11, être affranchi (être au-dessus) des lois ; nec Rutulos solvo Virg. En. 10, 111, et je nʼaffranchis pas les Rutules de cette loi, cf. Her. 3, 2 ; [fig]. Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1 ¶ 3 payer, acquitter : pecuniam debitam Cic. Fl. 54, payer une dette, cf. Cic. Att. 16, 6, 3 ; etc.; pecunias creditas Cic. Pis. 86, payer ses dettes ; pensionem Cic. Com. 51, faire un paiement ; pecuniam, nummos Cic. Att. 16, 16, 4 ; Off. 3, 91, payer une somme dʼargent, sʼacquitter en versant des écus ; rem a trapezita Pl. Curc. 618, payer par délégation sur son banquier, cf. Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4 || [abs^t ] solvere (alicui) Cic. Fl. 46, payer (qqn); solvendo non esse Cic. Phil. 2, 4, ne pas être solvable || præmia solvere Cic. Phil. 14, 38, donner les récompenses promises ; justa Cic. Amer. 23, rendre les honneurs funèbres, ou suprema Tac. Ann. 1, 61, ou exsequias Virg. En. 7, 5 ; vota Cic. Phil. 3, 11, acquitter des vœux ; Veneri votum Pl. Rud. 60, acquitter un vœu à Vénus ; voti fidem Ov. F. 1, 642, acquitter la promesse dʼun vœu ; fidem Ter. Andr. 643, tenir sa parole, cf. Planc. d. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3 ; promissum Val. Max. 9, 6, 1, acquitter une promesse ; solutum quod juraverant rebantur Liv. 24, 18, 5, ils croyaient acquittée la promesse quʼils avaient faite par serment ; pœnas solvere Cic. Mil. 85, subir des châtiments ; capite pœnas Sall. J. 69, 4, être puni de mort ¶ 4 désagréger, dissoudre, rompre, résoudre : pontem Curt. 4, 16, 8 ; Tac. Ann. 1, 69, rompre un pont ; (calor) solvens differt primordia vini Lucr. 6, 235, (la chaleur de lʼéclair) désagrège et disperse en tous sens les éléments du vin ; solvi Sen. Nat. 3, 15, 7, se désagréger, se dissoudre, se résoudre, cf. Sen. Nat. 3, 29, 4 ; viscera solvuntur Virg. G. 4, 302, les entrailles se décomposent ; gravitas aëris solvitur Sen. Nat. 5, 5, 1, lʼair dense se raréfie || senectus, quæ solvit omnia Liv. 39, 40, 11, la vieillesse qui désagrège tout || ordines Liv. 42, 65, 8, rompre les rangs ; convivium Curt. 8, 5, 24, lever le banquet, congédier les convives, cf. Curt. 8, 6, 16 ; Ov. F. 6, 675 ; versus Quint. 1, 9, 2, briser les vers [pour les mettre en prose], cf. Hor. S. 1, 4, 60 ¶ 5 [fig.] relâcher, énerver, amollir : infantiam deliciis Quint. 1, 2, 6, amollir lʼenfance par une vie de douceurs ; Hannibalem hiberna solverunt Sen. Ep. 51, 5, les quartiers dʼhiver amollirent Hannibal ; in Venerem corpora solvere Virg. G. 4, 199, énerver son corps en lʼabandonnant à Vénus, cf. Tac. H. 2, 99 ; 3, 38 ; membra Lucr. 6, 798, amollir les membres ; solvuntur illi frigore membra Virg. En. 12, 951, le froid de la mort affaisse ses membres ; corpora somnus solvit Ov. M. 10, 369, le sommeil détend les corps, cf. Virg. En. 9, 236 ; in somnos solvi Virg. En. 4, 530, sʼassoupir dans le sommeil ¶ 6 [fig.] dissiper, réduire en poudre, anéantir, réfuter : Cic. Fin. 1, 22 ; Quint. 2, 17, 34 ; Sen. Const. 12, 3 || résoudre une question, une difficulté, etc. : Quint. 5, 10, 96 ; 8, 6, 53, etc. ¶ 7 [fig.] briser, rompre, détruire : obsidionem Liv. 27, 28, 17, faire lever un siège, cf. Liv. 36, 10, 14 ; 37, 7, 7, etc.; Tac. Ann. 4, 24, etc.; morem Liv. 8, 4, 7, rompre une coutume, cf. Liv. 1, 49, 7 ; leges Curt. 10, 2, 5, détruire les lois ; disciplinam militarem Liv. 8, 7, 16, détruire la discipline ; curam metumque Hor. Epo. 9, 38, dissiper les soucis et les craintes.

➳ pf. solui Catul. 2, 13 [trissyll.] ; soluisse Tib. 4, 5, 16 [quatre syll.].

solvo , is, i, solutum, solvere. act. n. 3.
解。放。砍開。敗其力。爛。拆開。犯。分開。解開。還帳。報答。開船。— currus 卸車馬。— vela 揚帆。— navem 問船。— anchoram 起錨。— ventrem 泄肚。— os 開口。啓口。— vocem 發端。出聲。— ebrietatem 解醉。— pudorem 不顧羞。— animam ei 斃人。— nives 化雪。— infantiam deliciis 嬌縱少年。— morem 犯常規。— jejunium vel famem 食。— versum 挪一行詩之字。— pecuniam ad diem 照日期還債。— ei a se 以本銀還帐。— litem aestimatam 訟輸賠錢。— poenas 受罰。— injuriam 脫害。脫辱。— eum legibus 寬免其守律例。— verba impia in deos 言褻瀆神。— obsidium 解鬆圍。— epistolam 拆開書信。— fidem 食言。失信。不如約。— operam 祭獻。— eum caede 免人之殺罪。— metum corde 免人掛念。— animum 散心。Solvendo non esse vel non esse ad solvendum 不能還淸帳。Solvi inedia 餓死。Massiliae morbo solvitur 于瑪西里病死。Soluta est regina 國后已亡。Solvi luctu vel in lacrymas 不禁淚流。

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solvō solvī (soluit, Ct.; soluisse, Tb.), solūtus, ere

• 2 se+luo, to loosen, unbind, unfasten, unfetter, untie, release: iube solvi (eum), T.: ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt: ita nexi soluti (sunt), L.: Solvite me, pueri, V.: quo modo solvantur (nodi), Cu.: solve capillos, untie, O.: crines, let down, O.: terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae, i. e. thawed, H.: Solve senescentem equum, i. e. from service, H.: talibus ora solvit verbis, freely opens, O.: Solvite vela, unfurl, V.—To detach, remove, part, disengage, free: ancorā solutā (i. e. a litore): classis retinacula solvi iussit, O.: teque isto corpore solvo, V.: partūs, to bring forth, O.—Of ships, to free from land, set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart: navīs solvit, Cs.: primis tenebris solverat navem, L.: cum foedere solvere navīs, O.: navīs a terrā solverunt, Cs.: ab Corintho solvere navīs, L.: tertia fere vigiliā solvit (sc. navem), Cs.: nos eo die cenati solvimus: a Brundusio solvit, L.: Alexandriā solvisse: portu solventes.—To untie, unfasten, unlock, unseal, open: ille pharetram Solvit, uncovered, O.: solutā epistulā, N.: solutis fasciis, Cu.—To take apart, disintegrate, disunite, dissolve, separate, break up, scatter, dismiss: ubi ordines procursando solvissent, L.: agmina Diductis solvēre choris, V.: solvit maniplos, Iu.: coetuque soluto Discedunt, O.: urbem solutam reliquerunt, disorganized: si solvas ‘Postquam discordia tetra’ . . . Invenias, etc., H.—To relax, benumb, make torpid, weaken: ima Solvuntur latera, V.: pennā metuente solvi, i. e. unflagging, H.: illi solvuntur frigore membra, V.: corpora somnus Solverat, O.: somno vinoque solutos, O.: Solvitur in somnos, V.—To loosen, break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, scatter: omne conligatum solvi potest: solvere navīs et rursus coniungere, Cu.: membra ratis, O.—To dissolve, melt, turn, change: nives solvere, melt, O.: (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem, V.—Of fastenings, to loose, remove, cancel, untie, unlock: nullo solvente catenas, O.: Frenum solvit, Ph.: Solvitur acris hiemps, H.: a corpore bracchia, relaxes his hold, O.: crinalīs vittas, V.: vinculum epistulae, Cu.—Fig., to free, set free, release, loose, emancipate, relieve, exempt: linguam ad iurgia, O.: cupiditates suas, Cu.: Bassanitas obsidione, L.: ut religione civitas solvatur: Vopiscus, solvatur legibus, be exempted: petente Flacco ut legibus solveretur, L.: ut is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solvat, release the testamentary heirs: reus Postumus est eā lege . . . solutus ac liber, i. e. the law does not apply to: solutus Legibus insanis, H.: vos curis ceteris, T.: solvent formidine terras, V.: Vita solutorum miserā ambitione, H.: longo luctu, V.: calices quem non fecere Contractā in paupertate solutum?i. e. from cares, H.: ego somno solutus sum, awoke.— To acquit, absolve, cleanse, relieve: ut scelere solvamur, be held guiltless: hunc scelere solutum periculo liberavit: Sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei, O.—To relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe(poet.): solvatur fronte senectus (i. e. frons rugis solvatur), be cleared, H.: arctum hospitiis animum, H.—Of ties, obligations, or authority, to remove, cancel, destroy, efface, make void, annul, overthrow, subvert, violate, abolish: solutum coniugium, Iu.: nec coniugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus, O.: culpa soluta mea est, O.: quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia conruperat, S.: solvendarum legum principium (i. e. dissolvendarum), Cu.: disciplinam militarem, subvert, L.: pactique fide data munera solvit, i. e. took back, O.—To loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse, dissolve, destroy: plebis vis soluta atque dispersa, S.: senectus quae solvit omnia, L.: nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae, H.: hoc firmos solvit amores, O.—To end, remove, relieve, soothe: ieiunia granis, O.: Curam Dulci Lyaeo, H.: corde metum, V.: pudorem, V.: solutam cernebat obsidionem, the siege raised, L.: Solventur risu tabulae (see tabula), H.—To accomplish, fulfil, complete, keep(of funeral ceremonies, vows, and promises): omnia paterno funeri iusta, finish the burial rites: iustis defunctorum corporibus solutis, Cu.: exsequiis rite solutis, V.: vota, fulfil: Vota Iovi, O.: solvisti fidem, you have kept your promise, T.: Esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, i. e. your pledge(to be mine through life), O.—To solve, explain, remove: quā viā captiosa solvantur, i. e. are refuted: Carmina non intellecta, O.: nodos iuris, Iu.—Of debts, to fulfil, pay, discharge, pay off: hoc quod debeo peto a te ut . . . solutum relinquas, settled: Castricio pecuniam iam diu debitam, a debt of long standing: ex quā (pensione) maior pars est ei soluta: rem creditori populo solvit, L.: ut creditae pecuniae solvantur, Cs.: debet vero, solvitque praeclare.—Of persons, to make payment, pay: cuius bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt: ei cum solveret, sumpsit aC.M. Fufiis: pro vecturā: tibi quod debet ab Egnatio, pay by a draft on Egnatius: numquam vehementius actum est quam ne solveretur, to stop payments: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno res p. esset, able to pay its debt, L.; hence the phrase, solvendo esse, to be solvent: solvendo non erat, was insolvent: cum solvendo civitates non essent: ne videatur non fuisse solvendo.—Of money or property, to pay, pay over, hand over(for pecuniā rem or debitum solvere): emi: pecuniam solvi: pro quo (frumento) pretium, L.: quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur: arbitria funeris, the expenses of the funeral: Dona puer solvit, paid the promised gifts, O.: HS CC praesentia, in cash: legatis pecuniam pro frumento, L.—Of a penalty, to accomplish, fulfil, suffer, undergo: iustae et debitae poenae solutae sunt: capite poenas, S.: meritas poenas solvens, Cu.