ὕδωρ

ὕδωρ [ῠ, v. fin.], τό, gen. ὕδατος: an Ep. dat. ὕδει in Hes. Op. 61, Thgn. 961; later nom. ὕδος Call. Fr. 475; Boeot. οὕδωρ prob. in IG 7.3169 (Orchom.):—

• water, of any kind, but in Hom. rarely of seawater without an epith., ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕ. Od. 3.300, 7.277; but ἁλμυρὸν ὕ. 9.227, al., cf. Th. 4.26; of rivers, ὕ. Αἰσήποιο, Στυγός, Il. 2.825, 8.369, al.; so in Lyr. and Trag., ὕ, Ἀσώπιον Pi. N. 3.3; ὕ. τὸ Νείλου A. Supp. 561 (lyr.): freq. in pl. (but only once in Hom., ὕδατʼ ἀενάοντα Od. 13.109), Καφίσια ὕδατα the waters of Cephisus, Pi. O. 14.1; ῥυτῶν ὑδάτων S. OC 1599; ὕδασιν τοίς Ἀχελῴου Id. Fr. 271 (anap.): spring-water, drinking-water, οἶνον ἔμισγον καὶ ὕ. Od. 1.110; ἀφυσσάμεθʼ ὕδωρ 9.85; ὕδατα καὶ . . σῖτοι Pl. R. 404a; πότιμον ὕ. X. HG 3.2.19; ὕ. πίνων a water-drinker, D. 6.30, cf. 19.46, Ar. Eq. 349; ὕ. δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν Cratin. 199, cf. Aristopho 10.3, Bato 2.9, al.: ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός water for washing the hands, v. χείρ; φέρτε χερσὶν ὕ. Il. 9.171; ὕ. ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν 3.270, Od. 1.146, al.; λοέσσας ὕδατι λευκῷ Il. 23.282:—on γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν and διδόναι, v. γῆ 1.2b:—a curse was invoked upon those who refused fire (i.e. the right to borrow burning embers) or water or to direct a traveller on his way, Diph. 62, cf. X. Oec. 2.15:—prov., ὅρκους ἐγὼ γυναικὸς εἰς ὕ. γράφω S. Fr. 811, cf. Men. Mon. 25; ἐν ὕδατι γράφειν Pl. Phdr. 276c; ὅταν τὸ ὕδωρ πνίγῃ, τί δεῖ ἐπιπίνειν; if water chokes, what more can be done ? of a desperate case, Arist. EN 1146a35, cf. ἐπιρροφέω I.
• • • 2 rain-water, rain, ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕ. Ζεύς Il. 16.385; ὗσαι ὕδατι λαβροτάτῳ Hdt. 1.87; ἐγίνετο ὕ. ἄπλετον Id. 8.12; πολύ Th. 6.70, D. 59.99; ὕ. ἐπιγενόμενον πολύ X. HG 1.6.28; τὸ ὕ. τὸ γενόμενον τῆς νυκτός Th. 2.5, cf. Hdt. 8.13: more definitely, ὕδωρ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ X. An. 4.2.2, Aristid. Or. 50(26).35 (but ἐξ οὐρανοῦ is a gloss in Th. 2.77): pl., ὕ. ὄμβρια Pi. O. 11(10).2; τὰ Διὸς, or παρὰ τοῦ Δ., ὕ. Pl. Lg. 761a, 761b; τὸ ἐκ Διὸς ὕ. Thphr. HP 2.6.5; καινὸν ἀεὶ τὸν Δία ὕειν ὕδωρ, ὕδωρ τὸν θεὸν ποιῆσαι, Ar. Nu. 1280, V. 261 (lyr.), cf. Thphr. Char. 3.4: abs., ἐὰν πλείω ποιῇ ὕ. Id. CP 1.19.3: κεραύνια ὕ. thunder-showers, Plu. QConv. 2.664f; ὕ. πολλά, συνεχέα μαλθακῶς Hp. Epid. 1.1.
    • 3 for ἐν ὕδατι βρέχεσθαι, Hdt. 3.104, v. βρέχω.
    • 4 in the law-courts, τὸ ὕδωρ was the water of the water-clock (κλεψύδρα), and hence the time it took in running out, ἂν ἐγχωρῇ τὸ ὕδωρ D. 44.45; οὐχ ἱκανόν μοι τὸ ὕ. Id. 45.47; ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕ., ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὕ., in the time allowed me, Id. 18.139, 57.61; οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πρὸς ταὐτὸ ὕ. εἰπεῖν one cannot say (all) in one speech, Id. 27.12; τὸ ὕ. ἀναλῶσαι Din. 2.6; πρὸς ὕ. σμικρὸν διδάξαι Pl. Tht. 201b; ἐν μικρῷ μέρει τοῦ παντὸς ὕ. D. 29.9; ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕ. stop the water (which was done while the speech was interrupted by the calling of evidence and reading of documents), Id. 45.8; ἐγχεῖται τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὕ. τῷ κατηγόρῳ . ., τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ὕ. τῷ φεύγοντι Aeschin. 3.197; ἀποδιδόναι, παραδιδόναι τινὶ τὸ ὕ., to give him the turn of speaking, Id. 1.162, Din. 1.114.
    • 5 generally, liquid, ὕδατος εἴδη τὰ τοιάδε· οἶνος, οὖρον, ὀρός Arist. Mete. 382b13, cf. Hp. Cord. 12.
  • II part of the constellation Aquarius, Arat. 399.
  • • 2 a name for the winter solstice, Paul.Al. A. 4.
  • III Ὕδατα, τά, as the name of places with hot or mineral waters, Ὕ. Σέξτια, Lat. Aquae Sextiae, Ὕ. Νεαπολιτανά, etc., Ptol. Geog. 2.10.8, 3.3.7, etc. [ῠ by nature, ὕ̆δωρ Il. 18.347, al. (usu. with ῠ when not at end of line), ὕ̆δατος 16.229, al., ὕ̆δατι Od. 12.363, al., ὕ̆δατʼ 13.109, and so always in Att. (exc. sts. in dactylic verse, Ar. Ra. 1339); Hom. freq. has ὕ̄δωρ (always at end of line exc. in phrase Στυγὸς ὕδωρ Il. 15.37), also ὕ̄δατος Il. 21.300, 312, Od. 5.475, ὕ̄δατι Il. 23.282, Od. 22.439; later Ep. admits ὕ̄δωρ more freely, A.R. 4.601, so that we find ῡ in the second half of the foot in h.Cer. 381, Batr. 97, A.R. 4.290, etc.; also in Alc. Supp. 11.8.] (Cf. Skt. udán-, gen. udn-ás ‘water’, OE. woeter, O Norse vatn; I.-E. u(e)d- with suffix r alternating with n (ὕδ-ṇ-τος): cogn. with Skt. u-ná-t-ti (root ud-), 3pl. u-n-d-ánti ‘moisten’, cf. Lat. unda.)

ὕδωρ, τό, gen. ὕδατος, dat. ep. auch ὕδει, Hes. O. 61, wozu Callim. fr. 466 den nom. ὕδος gemacht hat (ὕω), das Wasser, eigtl. Regenwasser, wie Il. 16.385 u. Pind. οὐρανίων ὑδάτων ὀμβρίων, παίδων Νεφέλας, Ol. 10.2 ; u. so auch später, ὗσαι ὕδατι Her. 1.87 ; γίγνεται, ἐπιγίγνεται ὕδωρ, 8.12, 13 ; τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ γιγνόμενον τῆς νυκτός, Thuc. 2.5, vgl. 4.75 ; τῶν ἐκ Διὸς ὑδάτων, Plat. Legg. VI.761a ; τοῖς Διὸς ὕδασι χρώμενος, Critia. 113e ; auch ὑδωρ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ πολὺ ἦν, Xen. An. 4.2.2 ; vgl. Thuc. 2.77 ; Arr. An. 3.3.6 ; dah. Ζεύς od. ὁ θεὸς ποιεῖ ὑδωρ, macht Wasser, läßt regnen, Ar. Vesp. 261 ; u. absol. ὕδατα ποιεῖ, es macht Wasser, regnet, Theophr.; ὕδατα ἀστραπαῖα, Gewitterregen, Plut. Symp. 4.2.1. – Quell- u. Flußwasser ; Καφισίων ὑδάτων, Pind. Ol. 14.1 ; Διρκαίων, P. 9.88, wie Aesch. Spt. 289 u. sonst ; – Meerwasser ; πλατὺ ὕδωρ, Her. 2.108 ; ἁλμυρόν, Thuc. 4.26 ; – ganz allgemein, im Ggstz von γῆ, Aesch. Suppl. 23 u. A.; – τὸ κατὰ χειρὸς ὕδωρ, Waschwasser (= χέρνιψ), zum Waschen der Hände vor der Mahlzeit, Ar. Vesp. 1216, vgl. Av. 464. – sprichwörtlich ἐν ὕδατι γράφειν, Plat. Phaedr. 276c ; καθʼ ὕδατος γράφειν, Luc. Catapl. 21. – In der Vbdg ἐν ὕδατι βρέχεσθαι, Her. 3.104, für Schweiß, unser »wie aus dem Wasser gezogen sein«.
Bei den att. Rednern bes. das Wasser der Wasseruhr, wonach dem vor Gericht Sprechenden die Zeit zugemessen wurde ; dah. πρὸς τὸ αὐτὸ ὕδωρ εἰπεῖν, in derselben Redezeit vortragen, Dem. 27.12 ; πᾶν ὕδωρ ἀναλώσωμεν, Din. 2.6 ; τὸ ὕδωρ τοῖς ἄλλοις κατηγόροις παρόλλυμι, 1.114 ; ἐν μικρῷ μέρει τοῦ παντὸς ὕδατος, in einem kleinen Teile der ganzen Redezeit, Dem. 29.9 ; ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕδατι, in der mir durch die Wasseruhr zugemessenen Zeit, 18.139 ; ἐὰν τὸ ὕδωρ ἐγχωρῇ, wenn die Zeit ausreicht, 44.45 ; Plat. sagt κατεπείγει γὰρ ὕδωρ ῥέον, Theaet. 172d, πρὸς ὕδωρ σμικρόν 201b. – Den plur. ὕδατα hat Hom. nur Od. 13.109 ; bei den Folgdn, wie Her. 4.140, häufiger, von allen großen oder fließenden Gewässern.
[Υ wird von Hom. an in der Hebung des Hexameters in allen Casus häufig lang gebraucht, u. so auch in den abgeleiteten Wörtern, bei den Att. ist es aber wieder kurz.]

ὕδωρ

-ατος, τό

[cf. L. unda, Eng. water.]

(The υ freq. lengthened metrically.)

• • 1

    Water Il. 2.307, Il. 3.270, Il. 6.457, Il. 7.99, Il. 9.15, etc. : Od. 1.110, Od. 3.429, Od. 4.213, Od. 5.70, Od. 6.86, Od. 9.209, etc.

    Of a flood of water : ἀλὲν ὑ. ἐξέρρηξεν ὁδοῖο Il. 23.420.

  • 2

    In various specific applications.

  • • a

      A river : σχεδόν ὕδατος Od. 5.475. Cf. Il. 21.14.

      The waters of a river : τιταρησσόν, ὅς ῥʼ ἐς πηνειὸν προΐει ὑ. Il. 2.752. Cf. Il. 2.755, 850, Il. 8.369, Il. 21.21, etc. : Od. 4.478, Od. 5.185, Od. 10.514.

      Of the waters of two or more rivers : ὡς ὅτε ποταμοὶ συμβάλλετον ὑ. (their waters) Il. 4.453, ὥς τε πρὼν ἰσχάνει ὑ. Il. 17.747 (= ποταμῶν ῥέεθρα 749). Cf. Il. 12.33.

    • b

      A spring of water : ὕδατʼ ἀενάοντα Od. 13.109. Cf. Od. 12.306.

    • c

      A pond : χῆνες πυρὸν ἔδουσιν ἐξ ὕδατος (coming from their . . .) Od. 19.537.

    • d

      Rain : ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὑ. Ζεύς Il. 16.385.

    • e

      The sea, the wave of the sea : Αἰγύπτῳ ἐπέλασσεν ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὑ. Od. 3.300. Cf. Od. 7.277, Od. 15.482.

      The water of the sea : ἀλμυρὸν ὑ. Od. 4.511. Cf. Od. 12.104, 172, 236, etc.

ὕδωρ (ῡ *fr. 104b. 2.*: ὕδωρ, ὕδᾰτος, ὕδᾰτι, ὕδωρ; ὑδᾰτων, ὑδᾰτεσσι.)

• 1water ἄριστον μὲν ὕδωρ O. 1.1 ὕδατος πυρὶ ζέοισαν εἰς ἀκμὰν O. 1.48 οὐ χθόνα ταράσσοντες οὐδὲ πόντιον ὕδωρ O. 2.64 ἄνθεμα δὲ χρυσοῦ φλέγει, τὰ μὲν χερσόθεν, ὕδωρ δʼ ἄλλα φέρβει O. 2.73 ἀριστεύει μὲν ὕδωρ O. 3.42 (Θήβαν) τᾶς ἐρατεινὸν ὕδωρ πίομαι O. 6.85 λέγοντι μὰν χθόνα μὲν κατακλύσαι μέλαιναν ὕδατος σθένος O. 9.51 οὐρανίων ὑδάτων, ὀμβρίων παίδων νεφέλας O. 11.2 Καφισίων ὑδάτων λαχοῖσαι O. 14.1 Ἀμένα πὰρ ὕδωρ P. 1.67 ὕδατι Κασταλίας ξενωθεὶς P. 5.31 Διρκαίων ὑδάτων ἀὲ μέμναται P. 9.88 λέλογχε δὲ μεμφομένοις ἐσλοὺς ὕδωρ καπνῷ φέρειν ἄντιον (i. e. αἶνον ἄντιον φθόνῳ, v. infra) N. 1.24 ὕδατι γὰρ μένοντʼ ἐπʼ Ἀσωπίῳ N. 3.3 οὐδὲ θερμὸν ὕδωρ τόσον γε μαλθακὰ τεύχει γυῖα, τόσσον εὐλογία N. 4.4 ὕδατι γὰρ ἐπὶ χαλκοπύλῳ Κασταλίας Pae. 6.7 ὑδάτ<εσσ>ι δʼ ἐπʼ Ἀσωποῦ (G—H: ὕδατι Π.) Πα. 6. 134. νότιον θέρος ὕδατι ζακότῳ ῥέον Pae. 9.18 κελάρυξεν ὡς ἀπὸ κρανᾶν φέρτατον ὕ̄δωρ *fr. 104b. 2.* κράνας ο[ὐ π]ρολείπει[ ὕ]δωρ Θρ. 4. 19. μελιγαθὲς ἀμβρόσιον ὕδωρ Τιλφώσσας ἀπὸ καλλικράνου fr. 198b. of song, (cf. N. 1.24, O. 6.85, παγός, ῥοά, ῥόθιον, χεῦμα) ὕδατος ὥτε ῥοὰς φίλον ἐς ἄνδρʼ ἄγων κλέος ἐτήτυμον αἰνέσω N. 7.62 πίσω σφε Δίρκας ἁγνὸν ὕδωρ, τὸ βαθύζωνοι κόραι χρυσοπέπλου Μναμοσύνας ἀνέτειλαν παρʼ εὐτειχέσιν Κάδμου πύλαις I. 6.74

ὕδωρ , ατος: water; pl., Od. 13.109; prov., ὕδωρ καὶ γαῖα γένοισθε, as we say ‘become dust and ashes,’ Il. 7.99.

ὕδωρ Epic also ὕδει as if from ὕδος

• • • 1water, of any kind, but in Hom. rarely of sea-water (which he calls ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ);— also in pl., ὕδατʼ αἰενάοντα Od.; ὕδατα Καφίσια the waters of Cephisos, Pind.:— ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός water for washing the hands, Ar.; ὕ. ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν Hom.—Proverbs., γράφειν τι εἰς ὕδωρ of anything untrustworthy, Soph.; ἐν ὕδατι γρ. Plat.; ὅταν τὸ ὕδωρ πνίγῃ, τί δεῖ ἐπιπίνειν; if water chokes, what more can be done? of a desperate case, Arist.
    • 2rain-water, rain, Il., Hdt., Attic;—more definitely, ὕδωρ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ Thuc., etc.; Ζεὺς ὕδωρ ὕει, ὁ θεὸς ὕδωρ ποιεῖ Ar.
    • 3for the phrase ἐν ὕδατι βρέχεσθαι, Hdt., v. βρέχω.
    • 4in Attic law-phrase, τὸ ὕδωρ was the water of the water-clock (κλεψύδρα), Dem.; ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕδατι, ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὕδατος in the time allowed me, Dem.; οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πρὸς τὸ αὐτὸ ὕ. εἰπεῖν one cannot say (all) in one speech, Dem.; ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕ. stop the water (which was done while the speech was interrupted by the calling of evidence and reading of documents), Dem.; ἀποδιδόναι τινὶ τὸ ὕ. to give him the turn of speaking, Aeschin.