About
Menu

ἐκ

ἐκ, ἐκ, ἐξ, from, out of

ἐκ, before a vowel ἐξ, also ἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ Inscr.Cypr. 135.5 H., in Att. Inscrr. before ς ξ ζ ρ and less freq. λ; ἐγ- in Inscrr. before β γ δ λ μ ν ; Cret. and Boeot. ἐς Leg.Gort. 2.49, Corinn. Supp. 2.67; ἐχ freq. in Att. Inscrr. before χ φ θ (and in early Inscrr. before σ, IG 1(2).304.20); also ἐ Ναυπάκτω ib. 9(1).334.8 (Locr.); (ἐτ is for ἐπὶ in ib. 9(2).517.14 (Thess.))
  • Α:—Prep. governing GEN. only (exc. in Cypr. and Arc., c. dat., Inscr.Cypr. 135.5 H. (Idalium), (in form ἐς) IG 5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.)):—radical sense, from out of, freq. also simply, from.
    • I OF PLACE, the most freq. usage, variously modified:
      • 1 of Motion, out of, forth from, ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Il. 1.269, cf. Pl. Prt. 321c, etc.; μάχης ἔκ Il. 17.207; ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν 24.288; ἐξ ὀχέων, ἐξ ἕδρης, 3.29, 19.77; φεύγειν ἐκ πολέμοιο 7.119; ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλθεῖν X. Cyr. 6.2.9; ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο Il. 9.344, cf. S. Ph. 1287 (but ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν or παίειν to strike with a spear in the hand, opp. ἀντιτοξεύειν or ἀκοντίζειν, X. An. 3.3.15, Cyr. 4.3.16; ἐκ χειρὸς τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι ib. 6.2.16, cf. 6.3.24, etc.); ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν ib. 5.3.3; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσθαι Pl.Com. 190.
      • 2 ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her from my heart, with all my heart, Il. 9.343; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάσασθαι X. Oec. 10.4; μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντες Ἄρη A. Ag. 48 (anap.); δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id. Th. 919 (anap.); οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις S. El. 344; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι receive with kindly heart, Id. OC 486; ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν δὲ κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός Id. OT 528; ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων with chariot still upright, Id. El. 742; ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός Id. Tr. 875; ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός Id. Ph. 91.
      • 3 to denote change or succession, freq. with an antithetic repetition of the same word, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil comes from (or after) another, Il. 19.290; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω S. Tr. 28; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν, Pl. Sph. 224b, Plt. 289e; λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν D. 18.313; πόρους ἐκ πόρων ὑπισχνούμενοι Alciphr. 1.8; ἀπαλλάττειν τινὰ ἐκ γόων S. El. 291; ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι Id. Ant. 437: hence, instead of, τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος Id. OT 454; λευκὴν..ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Id. Ant. 1093; ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς D. 18.131, cf. X. An. 7.7.28, etc.
      • 4 to express separation or distinction from a number, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες four out of many, Il. 15.680; μοῦνος ἐξ ἁπάντων σωθῆναι Hdt. 5.87; εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων to be one of the wealthy, Pl. Grg. 525e; ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν to me out of (i.e. above) all, Il. 18.431, cf. 432; ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα 4.96, cf. S. Ant. 1137 (lyr.), etc.; redundant, εἷς τῶν ἐκ τῶν φίλων σου LXX Jd. 15.2.
      • 5 of Position, outside of, beyond, chiefly in early writers, ἐκ βελέων out of shot, Il. 14.130, etc.; ἐκ καπνοῦ out of the smoke, Od. 19.7; ἐκ πατρίδος banished from oneʼs country, 15.272; ἐκ μεσου κατῆστο sat down apart from the company, Hdt. 3.83; ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι out of its accustomed quarters, Id. 2.142; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν out of sight, Id. 5.24; ἐξ ὁδοῦ out of the road, S. OC 113.
      • 6 with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied, on, in, δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ lighted a fire from (i.e. on) his helmet, Il. 5.4; ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body in the river (with water from the river), Od. 6.224: freq. with Verbs signifying hang or fasten, σειρήν..ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες having hung a chain from heaven, Il. 8.19; ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre from (i.e. on) the peg, Od. 8.67; ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος fasten from i.e. upon) a thing, 12.51; μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων Il. 18.598; πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων gripped to the chariot-rail, S. Aj. 1030, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα leading it [by a rein] upon her arm, Hdt. 5.12: with Verbs signifying hold, lead, ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας to have their hopes dependent upon them, Th. 1.84; ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν lead by the hand, Bion Fr. 7.2; ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι ib. 6.2; ἐκ τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβάνεσθαι Luc. Asin. 23: with the Art. indicating the place of origin, οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι the robbers of the islands, Th. 1.8, cf. 2.5, 13; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας those in the sea-fight, Pl. Ap. 32b; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν those in the tents, D. 18.169; ἁρπασόμενοι τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν X. Cyr. 7.2.5; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἔθεον Id. An. 4.6.25: even with Verbs of sitting or standing, εἰσεῖδε στᾶσʼ ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο from Olympus where she stood, Il. 14.154; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit on the heights and look from them, S. Ant. 411; στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων E. Ph. 1009; ἐκ βυθοῦ at the bottom, Theoc. 22.40: phrases, ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, on the right, left, X. Cyr. 8.3.10, etc.; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας, οἱ ἐκ πλαγίοὐ ib. 7.1.20; ἐκ θαλάσσης, opp. ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας, D. 18.301.
      • 7 νικᾶν ἔκ τινος win a victory over.., Apoc. 15.2.
    • II OF TIME, elliptic with Pron. relat. and demonstr., ἐξ οὗ [χρόνου] since, Il. 1.6, Od. 2.27, etc.; in apod., ἐκ τοῦ from that time, Il. 8.296; ἐκ τούτου X. An. 5.8.15, etc. (but ἐκ τοῖο thereafter, Il. 1.493, and ἐκ τούτων or ἐκ τῶνδε usu. after this, X. Mem. 2.9.4, S. OT 235); ἐξ ἐκείνου Th. 2.15; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Id. 1.68, etc.; ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου Id. 8.45; ἐκ πλείστου ib. 68; ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, Id. 2.11 (but also a short time since, Plu. Caes. 28); ἐκ παλαιοῦ X. Mem. 3.5.8; ἐκ παλαιτάτου Th. 1.18.
      • 2 of particular points of time, ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας Il. 14.86; ἐκ γενετῆς 24.535; ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός, from boyhood, Pl. Grg. 510d, R. 374c, etc.; ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου D. 53.19; ἐξ ἀρχῆς A. Eu. 284, etc.; καύματος ἔξ after hot weather, Il. 5.865; νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης after clear weather, 16.365; ἐκ δὲ αἰθρίης καὶ νηνεμίης συνδραμεῖν ἐξαπίνης νέφεα Hdt. 1.87; so (like ἀπό II) ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι to have just finished sacrifice, ib. 50, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου after breakfast, X. An. 4.6.21; ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν to go to war after peace, Th. 1.120; γελάσαι ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων X. Cyr. 1.4.28; κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰσιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος A. Ag. 900; τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι Thphr. Char. 3.3; ἐκ χειμῶνος at the end of winter, Plu. Nic. 20.
      • 3 at, in, ἐκ νυκτῶν Od. 12.286; ἐκ νυκτός X. Cyr. 1.4.2, etc.; ἐξ ἡμέρας S. El. 780; ἐκ μέσω ἄματος Theoc. 10.5; ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ or ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν for the future, X. Smp. 4.56, Pl. Lg. 709e.
    • III OF ORIGIN,
      • 1 of Material, out of or of which things are made, γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος Parm. 8.12; ποιέεσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα Hdt. 1.194; πίνοντας ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ A. Supp. 953; εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Pl. R. 616c; ἐκ λευκῶ ἐλέφαντος αἰετοί Theoc. 15.123; στράτευμα ἀλκιμώτατον ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ παιδικῶν X. Smp. 8.32; συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων formed line of battle from the troops as they marched up, Id. An. 1.8.14.
      • 2 of Parentage, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, etc., Il. 20.106, 6.206, etc.; ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί (where γένος is acc. abs.) 5.896; σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης 19.111; ὦ παῖ πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέως S. Ph. 260; πίρωμις ἐκ πιρώμιος Hdt. 2.143; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Pl. Phdr. 246a; τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρός S. Ant. 466, etc.
      • 3 of Place of Origin or Birth, ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι Od. 15.425, cf. Th. 1.25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί Ev.Jo. 8.23; ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή the Areopagus, Arist. Ath. 4.4, etc.; οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aeschin. 1.54; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου the Peripatetics, Luc. Pisc. 43; ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας the Academic, Ath. 1.34b; οἱ ἐκ πίστεως Ep.Gal. 3.7; οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας Ep.Rom. 2.8.
      • 4 of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν, Il. 1.63, 2.197, cf. Od. 1.33, A. Pers. 707, etc.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death by the hand of the suitors, Od. 16.447; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls built by them, Hdt. 2.148; κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ spontaneous motion, Plot. 6.1.21; ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων A. Eu. 331 (lyr.); ἡ ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλία S. Ant. 95; ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πόθος Id. Tr. 631.
      • 5 with the agent after Pass. Verbs, by, Poet. and early Prose, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved of (i.e. by) Zeus, Il. 2.669; κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός ib. 70; προδεδόσθαι ἐκ Πρηξάσπεος Hdt. 3.62; τὰ λεχθέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου Id. 7.175, cf. S. El. 124 (lyr.), Ant. 93, Th. 3.69, Pl. Ti. 47b; ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφισβητήσεται Id. Tht. 171b; ὁμολογουμένους ἐκ πάντων X. An. 2.6.1; τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας S. Ph. 1316, cf. Pl. Ly. 204c: with neut. Verbs, ἐκ..πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι Od. 2.134, cf. A. Pr. 759; τλῆναί τι ἔκ τινος Il. 5.384; θνήσκειν ἔκ τινος S. El. 579, OT 854, etc.; τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Hdt. 1.1.
      • 6 of Cause, Instrument, or Means by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος in consequence of our fathers’ friendship, Od. 15.197; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς 3.135; ἐξ ἔριδος Il. 7.111; τελευτῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος Hdt. 3.29; ἐκ τίνος λόγου; E. Andr. 548; ἐκ τοῦ; wherefore? Id. Hel. 93; λέξον ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης X. An. 5.8.4; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends of (i.e. by means of).., Ev.Luc. 16.9; ζῆν ἔκ τινος X. HG 3.2.11 codd.; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τρέφειν ἐμαυτόν Isoc. 15.152; ἐκ τόξων ἀνύσαι γαστρὶ φορβάν S. Ph. 710 (lyr.).
      • 7 in accordance with, ἐκ τῶν λογίων Hdt. 1.64; ὁ ἐκ τῶν νόμων χρόνος D. 24.28; ἐκ κελεύματος A. Pers. 397, cf. Sophr. 25; ἐκ τῶν ξυγκειμένων Th. 5.25; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ib. 40, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι X. Cyr. 2.2.21, cf. A. Pr. 485.
      • 8 freq. as periphr. for Adv., ἐκ προνοίας IG 1(2).115.11; ἐκ βίας by force, S. Ph. 563; ἐκ δόλου Id. El. 279; ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν Pl. R. 499a: esp. with neut. Adjs., ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο, = ἀγχίμολον, Il. 24.352; ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανέος Hdt. 3.150; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς, Th. 4.106, 6.73; ἐκ προδήλου S. El. 1429; ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου, Id. Tr. 485, Th. 2.3; ἐξ ἀέλπτου Hdt. 1.111, etc.: with fem. Adj., ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης Id. 3.127; ἐκ νέης Id. 5.116; ἐξ ὑστέρης Id. 6.85; ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης Id. 8.6; ἐκ καινῆς Th. 3.92; ἐξ ἑκουσίας S. Tr. 727; ἐκ ταχείας ib. 395.
      • 9 of Number or Measurement, with numerals, ἐκ τρίτων in the third place, E. Or. 1178, Pl. Grg. 500a, Smp. 213b; distributively, apiece, Ath. 15.671b.
        • b of Price, ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν SIG 2587.206; ἐκ τριῶν δραχμῶν ib. 283; συμφωνήσας ἐκ δηναρίου Ev.Matt. 20.2.
        • c of Weight, ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου Inscr.Prien. 362 (iv B.C.).
        • d of Space, θινώδης ὢν ὁ τόπος ἐξ εἴκοσι σταδίων by the space of twenty stades, Str. 8.3.19.
  • B ἐκ is freq. separated from its CASE, Il. 11.109, etc.—It takes an accent in anastrophe, 14.472, Od. 17.518.—Ep. use it with Advbs. in -θεν, ἐξ οὐρανόθεν, ἐξ ἁλόθεν, ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν, Il. 17.548, 21.335, 8.304; ἐκ Διόθεν Hes. Op. 765; ἐκ πρῴρηθεν Theoc. 22.11.—It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.
  • C IN COMPOS. the sense of removal prevails; out, away, off.
      • 2 to express completion, like our utterly, ἐκπέρθω, ἐξαλαπάζω, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐκδιδάσκω, ἐκδιψάω, ἐκδωριεύομαι, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐξομματόω, ἔκλευκος, ἔκπικρος.
  • D As ADVERB, therefrom, Il. 18.480.

Saved

Recent