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δή

δή, δή, in fact, of course

δή, prop. a temporal Particle (cf. ἤδη),
  • at this or that point: hence, now, then, already, or at length:
    • I in Ep. (rarely Lyr.) sts. at the beginning of a sentence or clause, Τεῦκρε πέπον, δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος Il. 15.437; δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος 19.342; δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν 13.122; δὴ τότε, δή ῥα τότε, 1.476, 13.719, al., cf. Pi. O. 3.25, A. Th. 214 (lyr.): but usu. second (or nearly so), freq. with Numerals and temporal Particles, ὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα . . ὀϊστούς Il. 8.297; ἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι . . ἐνιαυτοί full nine years, 2.134; ἕκτον δὲ δὴ τόδʼ ἦμαρ this is just the sixth day, E. Or. 39, cf. Il. 24.107, etc.: also after Advbs. of Time, πολλάκι δή many a time and oft, often ere now, 19.85; ὀψὲ δὲ δή 7.94; τρὶς δή Pi. P. 9.91; πάλαι δή, Lat. iamdudum, S. Ph. 806; νῦν δή just now, Ar. Av. 923 (freq. written νυνδή, Pl. Tht. 145b, etc.); νῦν τε καὶ ἄλλοτε δή ib. 187d; now at length, Id. R. 353a, etc.; τότε δή at that very time, Th. 1.49, etc.; αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα this very instant, Pl. R. 338b, etc.; ὕστερον δή yet later, Th. 2.17: freq. with temporal Conjunctions, ἐπεὶ δή (written ἐπειδή, q. v.), etc.
    • II without temporal significance, as a Particle of emphasis, in fact, of course, certainly, ναὶ δή, ἦ δή, Il. 1.286, 518, etc.; οὐ δή surely not, S. Ph. 246, cf. E. Or. 1069, etc.; δῆλα δή, v. δῆλος; with Verbs, δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι Il. 15.488; νῦν δὲ ὁρᾶτε δή X. Cyr. 3.2.12; καὶ ἴστε δὴ οἷος . . Pl. Ap. 21a: less freq. with Substs., σοφιστὴν δή τοι ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι they call the man a sophist as you know, Id. Prt. 311e: with Conjunctions, ἵνα δή, ὡς δή, Il. 23.207, 5.24, etc.; ὅπως δή Th. 5.85; γὰρ δή for manifestly, A. Ch. 874, 891, Pl. Tht. 156c; οὐ γὰρ δή S. OC 265: hence with a part. representing Conjunction and Verb, ἅτε δὴ ἐόντες since they evidently are, Hdt. 8.90; but ὡς φόνον νίζουσα δή as though she were . ., E. IT 1338, cf. Hdt. 1.66, X. Cyr. 5.4.4, etc.; and so, ironically, ὡς δή Il. 1.110, Ar. V. 1315, Eq. 693, Pl. Prt. 342c, al.; freq. with σύ, ὡς δὴ σύ μοι τύραννος Ἀργείων ἔσῃ A. Ag. 1633, cf. S. OC 809, E. Andr. 235, etc.; also ἵνα δή . . Pl. R. 420e, Men. 86d; ὅτι δή . . Id. Phdr. 268d; also εἰσήγαγε τὰς ἑταιρίδας δή the pretended courtesans, X. HG 5.4.6, cf. E. Ion 1181, Th. 4.67, 6.80.
      • 2 freq. placed immediately after Pronouns, ἐμὲ δή me of all persons, Hdt. 3.155; σὺ δή you of all persons, Id. 1.115, S. Aj. 1226; οὗτος δή this and no other, Hdt. 1.43; ὑμεῖς δὲ κεῖνοι δὴ οἵ . . S. Tr. 1091; οὗτος δὴ ὁ Σωκράτης, ironically, Pl. Tht. 166a; τὸ λεγόμενον δὴ τοῦτο as the well-known saying goes, Id. Grg. 514e, cf. E. Hipp. 962; δή τις some one you know of, Pl. Phd. 108c, al.: with possess. Pronouns, τὸ σὸν δὴ τοῦτο Pl. Smp. 221b, cf. Grg. 5c8d, etc.: with relatives, ὃς δὴ νῦν κρατέει Il. 21.315; τὰ δὴ καὶ ἐγένετο Hdt. 1.22; οἷος δὴ σύ just such as thou, Il. 24.376, cf. Od. 1.32, S. Aj. 995, etc.; ὅσα δή Ar. Ach. 1, etc.: with Adjs., οἴη δή, μοῦνος δή, Od. 12.69, Hdt. 1.25; ἐν πολλῇ δὴ ἀπορίᾳ ἦσαν X. An. 3.1.2: freq. with Superlatives, μάχη ἐγένετο πλείστου δὴ χρόνου μεγίστη δὴ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν Th. 5.74; ἁπάντων δὴ ἄλγιστον S. Aj. 992, etc.
    • III to mark a transition, with or without inference, so, then, νίκη μὲν δὴ φαίνετʼ . . Il. 3.457; τὴν μὲν δὴ τυραννίδα οὕτω ἔσχον Hdt. 1.14; τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ἄγος οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἐκέλευον ἐλαύνειν Th. 1.127.
    • IV with Indef. Particles, v. δήποθεν, δήποτε, δήπω, δήπουθεν: with interrogatives, τοῦ δὴ ἕνεκα; Pl. Grg. 457e; τί δὲ δή . .; Id. Phd. 58c (simply τί δή; what then? R. 357d); πότερα δή; S. Ph. 1235 (and with Advbs., ποῖ δὴ καὶ πόθεν; Pl. Phdr. init.; ποῦ δή; πῇ δή; ib. 228e, Il. 2.339, etc.): with Indef. Pronouns, δή strengthens the indef. notion, ἄλλοισιν δὴ ταῦτʼ ἐπιτέλλεο others be they who they may, Il. 1.295; μηδεὶς δή no one at all, Pl. Tht. 170e; δή τις some one or other, Id. R. 498a (pl.), etc. (rarely τις δή E. IT 946); the neut. δή τι is common, ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶναι; in any way, whatever it be, Il. 13.446; τὸ ἱππικόν, τῷ δή τι καὶ ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι Hdt. 1.80; οὕτω δή τι Id. 3.108, etc.; θεῶν ὅτεῳ δή whosoever it be, Id. 1.86; ἐπὶ μισθῷ ὅσῳ δή, Lat. quantocumque, ib. 160, etc.; οἵα δή γε . . E. Heracl. 632, cf. Supp. 162; but θαυμαστὰ δὴ ὅσα Pl. Smp. 220b; ὡς δή Il. 5.24, etc.; so almost, = ἤδη, ἀναπέτομαι δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον Anacr. 24; καὶ δὴ φίλον τις ἔκτανʼ ἀγνοίας ὕπο A. Supp. 499; ἤκουσα δή S. Ant. 823; πάθη μὲν οὖν δὴ πόλλʼ ἔγωγʼ ἐκλαυσάμην Id. Tr. 153; οἶσθα μὲν δή ib. 627; so καὶ δή already, in fact, freq. not at the beginning of the sentence, κεῖται καὶ δὴ πάνθʼ ἅπερ εἶπας Ar. Ec. 514, cf. Nu. 906, Theoc. 5.83; but καὶ δή σφε λείπω A. Supp. 507.
      • 2 to continue a narrative, freq. after μέν, then, so, τότε μὲν δὴ . . ἡσυχίην εἶχε Hdt. 1.11; Σόλων μὲν δὴ ἔνεμε ib. 32; τὸν μὲν δὴ πέμπει ib. 116; alone, εἷς δὴ τούτων . . so one of these . ., ib. 114, etc.: freq. in summing up, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα, Lat. haec hactenus, A. Pr. 500, cf. Hdt. 1.14, Th. 2.4; τούτων δὴ ἕνεκα X. Cyr. 3.2.28, etc.; in summing up numbers, γίγνονται δὴ οὗτοι χίλιοι these then amount to 1,000, ib. 1.5.5; in resuming after a parenthesis, Ἀνδρομάχη, θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος . ., τοῦ περ δὴ θυγάτηρ Il. 6.395; οὗτος δὴ . ., ὁ μὲν δή Hdt. 1.43.
        • b with imper. and subj., μὴ δὴ . . ἐπιέλπεο Il. 1.545, cf. 5.684, etc.; χωρῶμεν δὴ πάντες S. Ph. 1469; ἐννοεῖτε γὰρ δή for do but consider, X. Cyr. 4.3.5; ἄγε δή, φέρε δή, ἴθι δή, σκόπει δή, λέγε δή, Pl. Sph. 235a, Phd. 63b, Sph. 224c, Phd. 80a, Prt. 312c.
      • 3 to express what follows a fortiori, καὶ μετὰ ὅπλων γε δή above all with arms, Th. 4.78; μή τί γε δή not to mention, D. 2.23; εἰ δὲ δὴ πόλεμος ἥξει Id. 1.27.
      • 4 καὶ δή and what is more, adding an emphatic statement, Il. 1.161, 15.251, Hdt. 5.67, Lys. 13.4; in Prose, freq. καὶ δὴ καί . ., ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπίκετο . ., καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐς Σάρδις Hdt. 1.30, etc.; καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν τί φῄς; and now what do you say? Pl. Tht. 187c; καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν παρόντα yes, and actually here present, S. OC 31; esp. in a series, ὑγίεια καὶ ἰσχὺς καὶ κάλλος καὶ πλοῦτος δή and of course riches, Pl. Men. 87e, cf. Tht. 159c, R. 367d; εἴτʼ . . εἴτʼ . . εἴτεδή ib. 493d.
        • b καὶ δή is also used in answers, ἦ καὶ παρέστη κἀπὶ τέρμʼ ἀφίκετο; Answ. καὶ δὴ ʼπὶ δισσαῖς ἦν . . πύλαις yes, he was even so far as . ., S. Aj. 49; βλέψον κάτω. Answ. καὶ δὴ βλέπω well, I am looking, Ar. Av. 175, cf. Pax 327, Pl. 227 sq., S. El. 317 sq., 1436, etc.; πρόσθιγέ νύν μου. Answ. ψαύω καὶ δή S. OC 173; without καί, ἀποκρίνου περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐρωτῶ. Answ. ἐρώτα δή Pl. Tht. 157d; ἐρώτα. Answ. ἐρωτῶ δή Id. Grg. 448b.
        • c in assumptions or suppositions, καὶ δὴ δέδεγμαι and now suppose I have accepted, A. Eu. 894, cf. Ch. 565, E. Med. 386, Hel. 1059, not found in S., once in Ar. V. 1224.
      • 5 δή in apodosi, after εἰ or ἐάν, Il. 5.898, Hdt. 1.108, Pl. R. 524e, etc.; after ὅτε, ἡνίκα, even then, S. Ant. 170 sq., El. 954; after ἐπεί, ἐπειδάν, X. Cyr. 1.6.14, Pl. Cra. 435e, etc.; after ὡς, X. Cyr. 7.2.4; ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα ἐβουλεύοντο, καὶ δὴ ὁ βασιλεύς . . already, Id. An. 1.10.10.

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