φημί

φημί, φῄς, φηις PCair.Zen. 316.1 (iii B. C.), PSI 7.846.7 (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr. 2.147, 419; φησί (apocop. φή Anacr. 40); pl. φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσί; Dor. φᾱμί, φᾱσί or φᾱτί (Ar. Ach. 771, Anon. in PSI 9.1091.11, 18), 3pl. φαντί; Aeol. φᾶμι Sapph. 32, 2sg. φαῖσθα Alc. Supp. 20.6, 3sg. φαῖσι ib. 26.5, Sapph. 66, 3pl. φαῖσι Sapph. Supp. 5.2: aor. 2 ἔφην, Ep. φῆν Il. 18.326; ἔφησθα 1.397, al., Ar. Lys. 132, X. An. 1.6.7, Pl. Cra. 438a, Aeschin. 3.164, etc. (rarely ἔφης Il. 22.280, X. Cyr. 4.1.23), Ep. φῆσθα Il. 21.186, Od. 14.149 (v.l. φῇσθα), φῆς Il. 5.473, Od. 7.239 (v.l.); ἔφη, Ep. φῆ, Dor. φᾶ Pi. I. 2.11; 1pl. ἔφᾰμεν Isoc. 3.26 (ἔφημεν A.D. Adv. 184.7, Gal. 1.158, Papp. 524.16, Choerob. in Theod. 2.341 H.); 2pl. ἔφᾰτε And. 2.25; 3pl. ἔφασαν, Ep. φάσαν Il. 2.278, also ἔφᾰν, φάν, 3.161, 6.108; imper. φαθί (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr. 1.431, al., A.D. Synt. 264.4; φάθι is found in codd. of Pl. Grg. 475e, al.); subj. φῶ, φῇς, φῇ, Ep. φῇσιν Od. 1.168, φήῃ 11.128, 23.275; Dor. 3pl. subj. φᾶντι Tab.Heracl. 1.116; opt. φαίην, 1pl. φαῖμεν Il. 2.81, 24.222, Pi. N. 7.87, 3pl. φαῖεν Th. 3.68, etc.; inf. φάναι, Hdt. 1.27, etc., poet. φάμεν Pi. N. 8.19; part. φάς Il. 9.35, Hdt. 1.63, 141, SIG 279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.), φᾶσα Hdt. 6.135, pl. φάντες Il. 3.44, 14.126, Pl. Alc. 2.139b: fut. φήσω, Dor. φασῶ Ar. Ach. 739, etc.; 1pl. φασοῦμες Diotog. ap. Stob. 4.1.133: aor. 1 ἔφησα Cratin. in PSI 11.1212.9, Hdt. 3.153, PCair.Zen. 19.3 (iii B. C.) (ἔφασεν is dub. ib. 140.7); Dor. 3sg. φᾶσε Pi. N. 1.66; 2sg. subj. (Dor.) φάσῃς [ᾱ] Simon. 32 (φήσῃς etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt. φήσειε Hdt. 6.69, A. Pr. 503, part. φήσας X. Mem. 3.11.1, Isoc. 12.239, inf. φῆσαι Thphr. Char. 2.7:—Med. (chiefly poet. in early writers), impf. and aor. 2 ἐφάμην, ἔφατο (also SIG 437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), PCair.Zen. 343.8 (iii B. C.), PSI 4.437.8 (iii B. C.), Parth. 4.5, etc.), Ep. φάτο Il. 20.262, φάσθε Od. 6.200, 10.562, ἔφαντο, Ep. φάντο 24.460; imper. φάο 16.168, 18.171, φάσθω, φάσθε; inf. φάσθαι; part. φάμενος (also Archim. Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem., SIG 364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), PCair.Zen. 236.4 (iii B. C.), PHamb. 4.14 (i A. D.), J. AJ 17.12.2, Gal. 6.228, etc.): Dor. fut. φάσομαι [ᾱ] Pi. N. 9.43:—Pass., pf. 3sg. πέφαται A.R. 2.500; 3sg. imper. πεφάσθω Pl. Ti. 72d; but part. πεφασμένος Il. 14.127, A. Pr. 843 shd. be referred to φαίνω: aor. ἐφάθην (ἀπ-, κατ-) Arist. Int. 18b39. The pres. indic. φημί is enclit., exc. in 2sg. pres. φῄς: φαμέν is 1pl. pres., φάμεν poet. inf.: φαντί is 3pl., φάντι part.

• • II φάσκω supplied all moods of pres. except the indic., also impf. ἔφασκον; cf. ἠμί. [ᾰ, except in φᾱσι, and in masc. and fem. part. φάς, φᾶσα: in inf. φάναι ᾰ always; φᾶναι is corrupt in Eub. 119.11 codd. Ath.]:—
• say, affirm, assert, either abs., or folld. by inf., e. g. Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν ( = -εῖν) φησι IG 1(2).924, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει (sc. εἶναι) Il. 8.153; also Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν; what shall we say of them? X. HG 3.5.12; φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδʼ ἐπακοῦσαι Od. 17.584: less freq. c. dat., αὐτοῖς Ev.Matt. 13.28; κατά τινος φ. to speak against him, X. Ap. 25: sts. folld. by ὡς, Lys. 7.19, v.l. in X. HG 6.3.7; by ὅτι, Pl. Grg. 487d, Corn. ND 30; by an interrog. clause, μή ποτε φάσῃς ὅ τι γίνεται αὔριον Simon. l.c.; by part., dub. in Pl. Grg. 481c (fort. leg. θῶμεν); also parenthetic, τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; Pl. Phd. 59c.
• • • • b since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, think, deem, suppose, φῆ γὰρ ὅ γʼ αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν Il. 2.37; φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τινʼ ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε you would say, would think, he was . ., 3.220; ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι to say he is (i. e. fancy himself) equal to me, 1.187, 15.167; μὴ . . φαθὶ λεύσσειν think not that you see, Theoc. 22.56; τί φῄς; what say you? i.e. what think you? (v. infr. II.5); λέγʼ ἀνύσας ὅ τι φῄς Ar. Pl. 349:—so φ. δεῖν, φ. χρῆναι, deem it right, And. 3.34, Isoc. 3.48.
      • c say, i.e. write, of an author, ὡς ἔφημεν Gal. 1.158, etc.—The Med. has all these senses as well as the Act.
  • II Special Phrases:
  • • 1 φασί, they say, it is said, Il. 5.638, Od. 6.42, etc.; parenthetically, Arist. EN 1109a35, Men. Epit. 223, etc.: Prose writers use φησί when quoting, D. 23.89, etc.; φησίν saith He, 1 Ep.Cor. 6.16; esp. of an opponentʼs objection, Plu. Cons.Apoll. 2.112c; even after a plural, ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται . . καὶ αὐτός, φησί, τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα Lib. Or. 52.39; "τὸν δὲ μετʼ εἰσενόησα, ἔφη Ὅμηρος as H. said, Pl. Prt. 315b.
    • 2 joined with a synon. Verb, ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων, Hdt. 3.156, 6.137, etc.; ἔλεγε φάς Id. 1.122; λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη . . Id. 2.22; τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν; D. 8.37, cf. 25.100; τί φῶ; τί λέξω; E. Hel. 483.
    • 3 in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης, said I, said S., but the order is sts. inverted, ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη, I said, S. said.
    • 4 inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by λέγει, εἶπεν, etc., ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος . . εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφη X. Oec. 17.10, cf. Pl. Chrm. 164e; ἡ κρίσις . . διαρρήδην λέγει διότι, φησίν, ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι Lys. 13.50.
    • 5 τί φημί; S. OT 1471, and τί φῄς; Ph. 804, E. Hel. 706 (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations.
    • 6 κυριώτατα φάναι, in parenthesis, strictly speaking, Ph. 2.374; ὡς οὕτω φάναι, = ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἅπασαι ὡς οὕτω φάναι practically all, Gal. Vict.Att. 9; συνελόντα (v.l. -όντι) φάναι, = συνελόντι εἰπεῖν, Id. 16.502.
    • 7 Οἰδίπουν . . ἂν μόνον φῶ if I only mention Oedipus, Antiph. 191.6, cf. Pl. Cra. 411a, 435a.
  • III like κατάφημι, say yes, affirm, assert, καὶ τοὺς φάναι and they said yes, Hdt. 8.88; καί φημι κἀπόφημι S. OC 317; ἔγωγέ φημι Pl. Grg. 526c; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι Id. Tht. 165a: c. inf., φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε; S. Ant. 442; but οὔ φημι means say no, deny, refuse, c. inf., ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν said she would not . ., Hdt. 1.19, cf. 8.2; οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαι Lys. 13.15, 47 (leg. -τρέψειν): c. acc. et inf., οὔ φημʼ Ὀρέστην σʼ ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν A. Eu. 221, cf. Hdt. 2.63: abs., κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ if he says no, Ar. Av. 555 (anap.); ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ answer me yes or no, Pl. Grg. 475e; so in answers, φημί or οὕτως φημί yes, Id. Phdr. 270c, al., Grg. 500e; οὐκ ἔφη he said no, Id. Phd. 118a.— In this sense Att. writers, besides pres., mostly use fut. φήσω and aor. ἔφησα, but in impf., inf., and part. pres., to avoid ambiguity, they prefer ἔφασκον, φάσκειν, φάσκων (v. φάσκω): φάναι is distd. fr. φάσκειν, e.g. ἔφη σπουδάζειν he said he was in haste, ἔφασκε σπουδάζειν he alleged he was in haste; but ἔφησθα is found in this sense, X. An. 1.6.7.
  • IV command, order, ἔφην τῷ Ὀρθοβούλῳ ἐξαλεῖψαί με Lys. 16.13 (so ἔφασαν, v. l. for ἔφρασαν in X. Cyr. 4.6.11).

φημί, und φάσκω, sagen, behaupten ; Wurzel φα –, im Sanskrit bhâ, s. Curtius Grundz. d. Griech. Etymol. 2. Aufl. S. 967 ; verwandt φήμη, φαίνω, φανερός, φανή, φάω, φάος, φαέθω, φαείνω, πιφαύσκω, Latein. fari, fama, fabula, fax usw. Die Wurzel φα– hat die Bedeutung des für das Ohr oder für das Auge deutlich machens, also = »leuchten« (Auge) und = »sagen« (Ohr). Formen des Aktivs von φημί in Att. Prosa : φημί, φῄς, φησί, φατόν, φατόν, φαμέν, φατέ, φᾱσίν, Alles enklitisch außer φῄς, conj. φῶ, φῇς usw., opt. φαίην usw., imperat. φάθι oder φαθί, φάτω, impf. ἔφην, ἔφησθα oder ἔφης, ἔφη, ἔφατον usw., fut. φήσω, aorist. ἔφησα, adj. verb. φατέον. Homer : φημί, φῄς und φῇσθα, φησί, φαμέν, φατέ, φασί, φῇ und φήῃ und φῇσι, φαίην, φαίης, φαίη, φαῖμεν, φάς, φάντες, ἔφην und φῆν, ἔφησθα und φῆσθα und φῆς, ἔφη und φῆ, ἔφαμεν (?) und φάμεν, ἔφασαν und φάσαν und ἔφαν und φάν, φήσει. Das Medium erscheint bei Homer häufig, und naar stets in derselben Bedeutung wie das Aktiv, ind. φάσθε, imperat φάο, φάσθω, φάσθαι, φάμενος, ἐφάμην und φάμην (?), ἔφατο und φάτο, ἔφαντο und φάντο. So auch bei Dichtern nach Homer das Med.; Dorisch φάσομαι, Pind. N. 9.43. In Att. Prosa vom Med. nur φάμενος, = φάς, Homerische Erinnecung. Vom Passiv in Att. Prosa πεφάσθω, »es soll gesagt sein«. Bei Homer pass. μῦθον πεφασμένον Il. 14.127. In der Bedeutung »behaupten« gebraucht die Att. Prosa namentlich φάσκω und ἔφασκον, φήσω, ἔφησα, in der Bedeutung »sagen« φημί und ἔφην, wozu ἐρῶ, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι, ἐρρήθην als Tempora gehören, welche Formen in besonderen Artikeln behandelt sind. In Att. Prosa wird φάναι meistens als inf. imperfecti gebraucht, ἔφη ὁ Περικλῆς, sagte Perikles, indirekt φάναι τὸν Περικλέα, habe Perikles gesagt, während man als inf. praes. meistens λέγειν vorzieht, λέγειν τὸν Περικλέα, sage Perikles. – Die Formen ἠμί, ἦν und ἦ s. unter ἠμί ; über φάσκω und φατέον oben noch besondere Artikel.
1) sagen, sprechen, erzählen, Hom. u. Folgde überall, sowohl absolut, als c. accus., φάτο μῦθον, φάτο ἀγγελίην, oft bei Hom., wie ἔπος φάσθαι, Il. 9.100, 11.788 ; ψεῦδος φάναι, Etwas für eine Täuschung erklären, Il. 2.81. Auch = meinen, denken, eigtl. bei sich, in der Seele sagen, wie Il. 2.37 auf τἀ φρονέοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμόν – folgt φῆ γὰρ ὅ γʼ αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν. Il. 16.61 ἤτοι ἔφην γε οὐ πρὶν μηνιθμὸν καταπαυσέμεν, ich gedachte zu beenden, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι τὸ ἔφην γε ἀνεὶ τοῦ διενοήθην. Mehrmals bei Homer φαίης κε statt φαίη τις ἄν oder ἔφη τις ἄν, »es meint wohl Jemand«, oder »es meinte wohl Jemand«, oder »es würde wohl Jemand« ἔμμεναι, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι τὸ φαίης τὴν φαντασίαν ἔχει ὡς πρὸς τῆν Ἑλένην λεγόμενον· κατά γε μέντοι Ὁμηρικὴν συνήθειαν ἐκληπτέον ἐν ἴσῳ τῷ ἔφη τις ἄν, ὡς ἔχει τὸ, » ἔνθʼ οὐκ ἂν βρίροντα ἴδοις (Il. 4.223)« ἀντὶ τοῦ ἴδοι τις ἄν, vgl. Scholl. Aristonic. Il. 3.392, 4.223, 429, 14.58, 15.697, Od. 7.293. An vielen Stellen bleibt es unentschieden, ob eine wirkliche Rede oder eine innerliche Meinung damit ausgedrückt ist, oder es fällt vielmehr beides zusammen, ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι, sich mir gleich zu stellen, Il. 1.187, 15.167. So τί φῄς ; πῶς φῄς ; was meinst du ? wie meinst du ? als Ausdruck des Erstaunens, vgl. Valcken Eur. Phoen. 923 ; Soph. O.R. 746, O.C. 536, El. 665 u. sonst ; οὐκ οἶδά πω τί φῄς Phil. 576 ; φράζε δὴ τί φῄς O.R. 655 ; μὴ φάθι λεύσσειν Theocr. 22.56 ; auch in Prosa, z.B. bei Plat. nicht selten. – Häufig wird bes. bei Prosaikern φησί u. φασί parenthetisch eingeschoben, wie unser sagt man, heißt es, sagt das Sprüchwort, vgl. Wolf Dem. Lept. p. 288 u. Schaefer Dion.Hal. C.V. p. 29. – So wird auch nach einem vorangegangenen λέγει oder εἶπεν bei Anführung der eigentlichen Rede völlig pleonastisch φησί oder ἔφη hinzugesetzt, vgl. Heind. Plat. Charm. 164e ; Crat. 408a ; Xen. Mem. 1.6.4 ; Jacobs AP p. 779. Aehnlich ist ἔφη λέγων oder ἔλεγεν φάς verbunden, bes. bei Her., s. 3.156, 5.36, 49 ; doch auch bei den Attikern.
2) bejahen, behaupten, zugeben, versichern, absolut mit dem acc., Hom. u. Folgende ; dagegen οὔ φημι oder selten φημὶ οὐχί, nein sagen, verneinen, leugnen, οὐκ ἔφα τις θεοὺς βροτῶν ἀξιοῦσθαι μέλειν Aesch. Ag. 1598 ; οὔ φημʼ Ὀρέστην σʼ ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖν Eum. 212 ; φονέα σέ φημι τἀνδρὸς κυρεῖν Soph. O.R. 362, u. sonst ; καί φημι κἀπόφημι O.C. 318 ; φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τόδε Ant. 438 ; οὔ φησʼ ἐάσειν τόνδε τὸν νεκρὸν ταφῆς ἄμοιρον Aj. 1305 ; Eur. Hec. 130 ; οὔ φημι Ar. Ran. 1165 ; φάναι (sc. χρή) Πέρσας λέγειν ἀληθέως, man muß zugeben, Her. 3.35 ; vgl. 6.86 ; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι Plat. Theaet. 165a. In dieser bestimmten Bdtg branchen die Attiker bes. das fut. φήσω und den aor. ἔφησα, während im praes., wenn φάναι zweideutig sein könnte, lieber φάσκειν gebraucht wird ; auch φάμενος, def. οὐ φάμενος, verneinend, leugnend ; selten so ἔφη, Xen. An. 1.6.7. – In der Antwort ist φημί »ja«, »ja wohl«, Plat. Phaedr. 270c ; ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἔφη, er sagte nein, verneinte es, Phaed. 117e u. oft.
Das α ist kurz, mit Ausnahme von φασίν u. vom partic., φάς, φᾶσα, inf. lang Eubul. bei Ath. I.8c, φᾶναι, was jedoch verderbt scheint.

†φημί

(Enclitic in pres. indic. act. except 2 sing.)

1 sing. pres. φημί Il. 2.129, Il. 5.652, Il. 6.98, etc. : Od. 2.171, Od. 4.141, Od. 5.290, etc.

2 sing. φῄς Il. 4.351, Il. 14.265, Il. 17.174 : Od. 1.391, Od. 7.239. φῇσθα Od. 14.149.

3 sing. φησί Il. 1.521, Il. 14.366, Il. 15.107, etc. : Od. 1.215, Od. 5.105, Od. 17.352, etc.

1 pl. φαμέν Il. 15.735.

2 pl. φατέ Od. 16.93, Od. 17.196.

3 pl. φασί Il. 2.783, Il. 4.375, Il. 5.635, etc. : Od. 1.33, Od. 3.84, Od. 4.201, etc.

3 sing. subj. φήῃ Od. 11.128, Od. 23.275. φῇσι Od. 1.168. φῇ Od. 19.122.

Opt. φαίην Il. 6.285 : Od. 20.326.

2 sing. φαίης Il. 3.220, 392, Il. 4.429, Il. 15.697, Il. 17.366 : Od. 3.124.

3 sing. φαίη Od. 18.218, Od. 23.135.

1 pl. φαῖμεν Il. 2.81, Il. 24.222.

Pple. φάς Il. 9.35.

Nom. pl. masc. φάντες Il. 3.44, Il. 14.126.

Impf. ἔφην Il. 16.61, Il. 20.348 : Od. 4.171, Od. 11.430, 540, Od. 14.176. φῆν Il. 18.326 : Od. 2.174.

2 sing. ἔφης Il. 22.280, 331. φῆς Il. 5.473 : Od. 14.117. ἔφησθα Il. 1.397, Il. 16.830 : Od. 3.357, Od. 23.71. φῆσθα Il. 21.186.

3 sing. ἔφη Il. 1.584, Il. 2.265, Il. 5.111, etc. : Od. 2.377, Od. 12.390, Od. 17.409, etc. φῆ Il. 2.37, Il. 21.361, Il. 24.608 : Od. 4.504, Od. 8.567, Od. 11.237, etc.

1 pl. ἔφαμεν Od. 24.24. φάμεν Il. 8.229, Il. 23.440 : Od. 4.664, Od. 9.496, Od. 16.347.

2 pl. φάτε Od. 17.25.

3 pl. ἔφασαν Il. 15.700 : Od. 10.35, 46, Od. 20.384. φάσαν Il. 2.278, Il. 4.374 : Od. 9.500, Od. 10.67, Od. 12.192, Od. 21.366, Od. 22.31. ἔφαν Il. 3.161, 302, Il. 7.206, etc.: Od. 9.413, Od. 10.422, Od. 17.488, etc. φάν Il. 6.108 : Od. 2.337, Od. 7.343, Od. 18.342.

3 sing. fut. φήσει Il. 8.148, 153.

Mid. 2 pl. pres. φάσθε Od. 6.200, Od. 10.562.

Imp. φάο Od. 16.168, Od. 18.171.

3 sing. φάσθω Od. 20.100.

Pple. φάμενος Il. 5.290.

Pl. φάμενοι Od. 10.446.

Fem. φαμένη Il. 5.835, Il. 22.247, 460 : Od. 11.150, Od. 13.429, Od. 18.206, Od. 23.85.

Infin. φάσθαι Il. 1.187, Il. 9.100, Il. 11.788, etc. : Od. 8.549, Od. 9.504, Od. 11.443, etc.

Impf. ἐφάμην Il. 3.366, Il. 5.190, Il. 8.498, etc. : Od. 4.382, Od. 9.272, Od. 10.70, etc.

3 sing. ἔφατο Il. 1.33, Il. 2.807, Il. 4.326, etc. : Od. 1.42, Od. 2.267, Od. 5.301, etc. φάτο Il. 1.188, Il. 2.182, Il. 3.28, etc. : Od. 1.420, Od. 2.296, Od. 4.37, etc.

3 pl. ἔφαντο Il. 6.510, Il. 12.106, 125, Il. 17.379 : Od. 1.194, Od. 4.638, Od. 13.211. φάντο Od. 24.460.

(ἀπο-, ἐκ-, μετα-, παρα-, προσ-)

In act. and mid.

• • 1

    To utter speech, speak, say : ὣς ἔφη Il. 1.584, ὣς φάμενος Il. 5.290. Cf. Il. 1.188, Il. 2.278, Il. 3.161, Il. 21.361, etc. : Od. 1.42, Od. 2.35, 377, Od. 4.382, Od. 10.46, etc.

  • 2

    To utter, speak, say, tell : ἔπος ἔφατο Il. 1.361. Cf. Il. 9.100, Il. 18.17, Il. 21.393, etc. : μῦθόν κε φαίην Od. 20.326. Cf. Od. 2.384, Od. 3.357, Od. 16.168, etc.

  • 3

    To speak out, make disclosure Od. 8.549, Od. 21.194.

    To say, communicate, reveal, disclose : τὸ μὲν φάσθαι, τὸ δὲ καὶ κεκρυμμένον εἶναι Od. 11.443.

  • 4

    To say, state, assert, declare : ὡς φάσαν οἵ μιν ἴδοντο πονεύμενον Il. 4.374.

    With infin. : κρονίωνι λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι Il. 1.397, ἄτερ λαῶν πόλιν ἑξέμεν Il. 5.473. Cf. Il. 2.129, Il. 4.351, Il. 6.206, Il. 8.229, Il. 17.174, etc. : Od. 1.33, Od. 2.171, Od. 4.504, Od. 7.239, Od. 8.567, Od. 9.504, Od. 11.540, etc.

    With omission of the infin. : εἴ δε κακὸν φήσει Il. 8.153.

  • 5

    In 3 pl. pres. with indefinite subject understood, they say, men say, it is said.

    With infin. : περὶ ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι Il. 4.375, ζώειν ἔτι φασὶ μενοίτιον Il. 16.14. Cf. Il. 2.783, Il. 5.635, Il. 6.100, Il. 9.401, etc. : Od. 1.189, Od. 3.188, Od. 4.387, Od. 6.42, Od. 13.249, etc.

    Sim. in 3 pl. impf. mid. : ἔφαντό μιν ἐπιδήμιον εἶναι Od. 1.194.

  • 6

    With neg., to declare that . . . not . . . (cf. φάσκω 1) : ἡμίονον δʼ οὔ φημί τινʼ ἀξέμεν ἄλλον Il. 23.668. Cf. Il. 23.579, etc. : Od. 8.138, etc.

    To refuse : οὔ φησιν δώσειν Il. 7.393.

  • 7

    To deem, suppose, think.

    With infin. : αἱρήσειν πόλιν Il. 2.37, ἀθανάτων τίνʼ κατελθέμεν Il. 6.108, δηΐφοβον παρεῖναι Il. 22.298. Cf. Il. 3.44, 366, Il. 4.429, Il. 5.190, Il. 8.498, etc. : Od. 1.391, Od. 4.171, Od. 6.200, Od. 9.496, Od. 11.430, Od. 13.357, etc.

    With omission of the infin. : ψεῦδός κεν φαῖμεν Il. 2.81=Il. 24.222. Cf. Il. 5.184, Il. 14.126.

    Without construction : ἦ τοι ἔφης γε Il. 22.280.

  • 8

    To have such and such an opinion of oneself, think so and so of oneself, be minded so and so : ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι Il. 1.187, Il. 15.167. Cf. Il. 14.366, Il. 15.183.

φημί (cf. fari), 2 sing. φῄς not enclitic like the other forms of the pres. ind., φησί, φαμέν, φατέ, φᾱσ(ίν), subj. φῇ(σιν), φήῃ, opt. φαίην, φαῖμεν, part. φάς, ipf. ἔφην, φῆν, ἔφησθα, φῆσθα, φῆς, ἔφαμεν, φάμεν, ἔφαν, φάν, fut. φήσει, mid. pres. imp. φάο, φάσθω, inf. φάσθαι, part. φάμενος, ipf. ἐφάμην, φάτο (for πεφασμένος see φαίνω): say, declare, mostly of subjective statement, to express opinion, hence reg. const. w. acc. and inf. The ipf. and the pres. inf. have aoristic signification. No distinction between act. and mid. is to be sought. Often simply think, believe, Il. 2.37, Od. 1.391; ὅ γʼ ἀνὴρ ὅν φημι, whom ‘I mean,’ Il. 5.184; οὔ φημι (nego), Od. 15.213.

φημί Root !φα, cf. φάω the imperf. act. should be ἔφην, like the aor2, but ἔφασκον was generally used instead.

• • IRadical sense: to declare, make known; and so, to say, affirm, assert, either absol., or foll. by inf. or by acc.; the inf. is often omitted, σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει (sc. εἶναι) Il.; but also, Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν; what shall we say of them? Xen.:—then, since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, to think, deem, suppose, Il.; φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τινʼ ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε you would say, would think, he was . ., Il.; μὴ φαθὶ λεύσσειν think not that you see, Theocr.
  • IISpecial Phrases:
  • • 1φασί, they say, it is said, Hom., Attic; but in Prose also φησί, like French on dit, Dem.; (so Lat. inquit, ait).
    • 2φημί is sometimes joined with a synon. Verb. e.g. ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων Hdt.; λέγει οὐδὲν φαμένη Hdt.
    • 3in repeating dialogues, the Verb commonly goes before its subject, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης said I, said Socrates; but the order is sometimes inverted, ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη I said, Socrates said.
  • IIIin a more definite sense, like κατάφημι, to say yes, affirm, Hom., Attic; καὶ τοὺς φάναι and they said yes, Hdt.; καί φημι κἀπόφημι Soph.; whereas οὔ φημι means to say no, deny, refuse, ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν said she would not answer, Hdt.; ἐὰν μὴ φῆι if he say no, Ar.; φάθι ἢ μή say yes or no, Plat.