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τίς

τίς, τίς, τί, who?, which?, what?

τίς
  • B Interrog. Pron. τίς, Elean and Lacon. τίρ (q.v.), τί:—gen. Ep. and Ion. τέο Il. 2.225, Herod. 8.1, etc., or τεῦ Od. 15.509, Hdt. 5.106, etc.; Trag. and Att. τοῦ A. Pr. 614, Ar. Nu. 1223, etc.; Ion., Trag., and Att. τίνος Simon. 154, Hdt. 6.80, A. Pr. 563 (anap.), S. Aj. 892, Ar. Ach. 588, etc.; dat. Ion. τέῳ Hdt. 1.11, al. (as fem., 4.155); no dat. in Hom. or Hes.; Trag. and Att. τῷ S. Ant. 401, D. 19.60, etc.; Aeol. τίῳ Sapph. 104; τίνι first in Pi. N. 7.57, A. Pers. 715 (troch.), S. OT 10, Ar. Ach. 919, Hdt. 3.38, Th. 1.80, D. 20.115, etc.; acc. τίνα Il. 5.703, etc.; neut. τί 1.362, etc.: dual τίνε (elided) Ar. Av. 107: pl.. nom. τίνες Od. 1.172, etc.; neut. τίνα Pl. Phd. 102a, Aeschin. 2.81, Hipparch. 1.1.4, Gem. 17.12, Ep.Hebr. 5.12; gen. Ep. τέων Il. 24.387, Od. 20.192, and as monosyll. 6.119, 13.200; Trag. and Att. τίνων S. El. 1476, OC 2, Ar. Nu. 1089, etc.; dat. τίσι first in S. OT 1126, Ar. Ra. 1455, Pl. R. 332d, etc. (no dat. in Hom. or Hes.); also τοῖσι S. Tr. 984 (anap.); Ion. τέοισι Hdt. 1.37, cf. 2.82 (v.l. ὁτέοισι); Aeol. τίοισι Sapph. 168; acc. τίνας S. OC 115, Ar. Av. 370 (troch.); neut. τίνα Arr. Epict. 1.30.3; Boeot. τά Pi. O. 1.82 (Adv.); Megar. σά Ar. Ach. 757, 784 (Adv.): of the pl. Hom. uses only nom. τίνες with gen. τέων; ποῖος (what? which?) is sts. preferred (esp. in neut. pl.) to the Adj. τίς, e.g. τὰ ποῖα ταῦτα χρήματα; Ar. Nu. 1270, cf. 1337, Th. 621, Pl. Cra. 391e, 395d, 406d; v. ποῖος I.3 and IV:
    • I in direct questions, who? which? neut. what? which? ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; Od. 9.252; τί νύ μοι μήκιστα γένηται; 5.299; τίς δαίμων τόδε πῆμα προσήγαγε; 17.446; τίς ἀχώ, τίς ὀδμὰ προσέπτα μʼ ἀφεγγής; A. Pr. 115 (lyr.), cf. 561 (anap.), etc.; properly at the beginning of the sentence; but this position may be varied,
        • a for grammatical reasons, as between the Art. and part. or noun, τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσιν; X. Mem. 2.2.1, cf. Pl. Smp. 206b; τῆς περὶ τί πειθοῦς ἡ ῥητορική ἐστιν τέχνη; Id. Grg. 454a; ὁ σοφιστὴς τῶν τί σοφῶν ἐστιν; Id. Prt. 312d.
        • b for emphasis, ἃ δʼ ἐννέπεις, κλύουσα τοῦ λέγεις; S. OC 412, cf. El. 1191; πόλις τε ἀφισταμένη τίς πω . . τούτῳ ἐπεχείρησε; Th. 3.45; esp. when the Verb begins the sentence, δράσεις δὲ δὴ τί; E. HF 1246; ἦλθες δὲ κατὰ τί; Ar. Nu. 239; διαφέρει δὲ τί; D. 18.205.--The person freq. follows in gen. pl., as τίς θεῶν; Il. 18.182, etc.; and of things or conditions, τί is freq. with the genit. sg., of all genders, πρὸς τί χρείας; S. OT 1174; ἐλπίδων ἐς τί; Id. OC 1749 codd. (lyr.); κἀνήρετʼ ἐν τῷ πράγματος κυροῖ ποτε Id. Aj. 314, etc.
      • 2 sts. as the predicate, τίς ὀνομάζεται; what is he named? E. Ph. 123; so also may be expld. the union of τίς with a demonstr. or possess. Pron., or with a Noun preceded by the Art., τί τοῦτʼ ἔλεξας; S. Ph. 1173 (lyr.); τί ἐστι τουτί; τίς ὁ τρόπος τοῦ τάγματος; Id. Ichn. 114; also with Pron. in pl., τί ταῦτα; E. Ph. 382, Andr. 548, etc.; τί γὰρ τάδʼ ἐστίν; Ar. Nu. 200; τί ποτʼ ἐστίν, ἃ διανοούμεθα; Pl. Tht. 154e; τί ποτʼ ἐστὶ ταῦτα; ib. 155c; σκεπτέον τί τὰ συμβαίνοντα Id. Grg. 508b; so τί is used as predicate of a masc. or fem. subject, τί νιν προσείπω; A. Ch. 983(997); τί σοι φαίνεται ὁ νεανίσκος; Pl. Chrm. 154d:—also τίς δʼ ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπεται; who is this that follows N.? Od. 6.276; τίς δʼ οὗτος ἔρχεαι; Il. 10.82, cf. Alc. 84.1, S. El. 328, 388, Ant. 7, 218, E. Hec. 501, Pl. Cri. 43c; and in the reverse order, τήνδε τίνα λεύσσω . .; who is this I see? E. IA 821; τίνι οὖν τοιούτῳ φίλους ἂν θηρῴην; with what means of such kind . . ? X. Mem. 3.11.9; τί τοσοῦτον νομίζοντες ἠδικῆσθαι; Id. Smp. 4.53; τί με τὸ δεινὸν ἐργάσῃ; what is the dreadful thing which . . ? E. Ba. 492, cf. S. OC 598, 1488, etc.; τίνʼ ὄψιν σὴν προσδέρκομαι; what face is this I see of thine? E. Hel. 557; παρὰ τίνας τοὺς ὑμᾶς; who are ‘you’ to whom [I am to come]? Pl. Ly. 203b:—the Art. is exceptionally added to τίς, when it leads up to a word which requires the Art., ληφθήσει . . Πανήμου εἰκάδι· καὶ Λῴου τῇ--τίνι; τῇ δεκάτῃ on the twentieth of the month Panemus and of Loüs on the --what day? the tenth, Call. Epigr. 46:—in Com.also τὸ τί; what is that? Ar. Nu. 775, Pax 696, Av. 1039, Pl. 902, etc.; τοῦ τίνος χάριν; UPZ 6.29 (ii B.C.); and with pl. Art., τὰ τί; Ar. Pax 693.
      • 3 with prop. names treated as appellatives (v. τις indef. II.6b), τίς ἆρα Κύπρις ἢ τίς Ἵμερος; S. Fr. 874; τίς σε Θηρικλῆς ποτε ἔτευξε; Eub. 43; τίς . . Χίμαιρα πύρπνοος; Anaxil. 22.3.
      • 4 τίς ἂν θεῶν . . δοίη; like πῶς ἄν, would that some one . . , S. OC 1100, cf. A. Ag. 1448 (lyr.).
      • 5 a question with τίς often amounts to a strong negation, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τίς κεν οὐνόματʼ εἴποι; Il. 17.260; τίς ἂν ἐξεύροι ποτʼ ἄμεινον; Ar. Pl. 498; τίνες ἂν δικαιότερον . . μισοῖντο; Th. 3.64, etc.
      • 6 sts. two questions are asked in one clause by different cases of τίς; ἡ τίσιν τί ἀποδιδοῦσα τέχνη δικαιοσύνη ἂν καλοῖτο; Pl. R. 332d; τί λαβόντα τί δεῖ ποιεῖν D. 4.36:—a like doubling of the question lies in the union of τίς with other interrog. words, τίς πόθεν εἰς (εἶς codd.) ἀνδρῶν; Od. 1.170, cf. S. Tr. 421.
      • 7 τίς with Particles:—τίς γάρ; why who? who possibly? τίς γάρ σε θεῶν . . ἧκεν; Il. 18.182; v. infr. 8 f.
        • b τίς δέ; ὦ κοῦραι, τίς δʼ ὔμμιν . . πωλεῖται; h.Ap. 169.
        • c τίς δή; who then? τίς δή κεν βροτὸς . . ἅζοιτʼ ἀθανάτους Thgn. 747; τίς δῆτα; S. Aj. 518.
        • d τίς ποτε; who in the world? who ever? τίς ποτʼ ὢν γενεὰν καὶ ποίαν τινὰ φύσιν ἔχων; X. Cyr. 1.1.6, cf. S. El. 975; τίς δήποτε; Id. Fr. 106 (but τίς ἄν ποτε is prob. cj.).
      • 8 the usages of the neut. τί; are very various:
        • a τί; alone, as a simple question, what? τί γάρ; A. Th. 336 (lyr.):—on ὅτι τί; ὅτι τί δή; ὅτι δὴ τί; v. ὅτι B.1b; on ὡς τί; v. ὡς F.1.
        • b τί τοῦτο; τί ταῦτα; v. supr. 2.
        • c τί μοι; τί σοι; what is it to me? to thee? S. Ph. 753, etc.; c. gen., τί μοι ἔριδος καὶ ἀρωγῆς; what have I to do with . . ? Il. 21.360; τί δέ σοι ταῦτα; Ar. Lys. 514, cf. Ec. 521 (where the answerer repeats the question in indirect form, ὅ τί μοι τοῦτʼ ἔστιν;) ; ἀλλὰ δὴ τί τοῦτʼ ἐμοί; Diph. 32.18; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; what have I to do with thee? LXX Jd. 11.12, Arr. Epict. 2.19.19, Ev.Jo. 2.4; τί σοὶ καὶ εἰρήνῃ; LXX 4 Ki. 9.18, cf. Ho. 14.9; τί πρὸς σέ; M.Ant. 8.44, cf. Ev.Matt. 27.4; σοὶ δὲ καὶ τούτοισι τοῖσι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; what have you to do with these matters? Hdt. 5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D. 29.36:—folld. by a clause, τί δὲ τίν, εἰ κωτίλαι εἰμές; Theoc. 15.89; or with inf., τί γάρ μοι τοὺς ἔξω κρίνειν; 1 Ep.Cor. 5.12:—v. εἰμί C.III.2.
        • d τί μαθών; τί παθών; v. μανθάνω V, πάσχω III.4.
        • e τί; also often stands abs. as Adv. how? why? wherefore? Il. 1.362, etc.; so too in Att., Pl. Cri. 43c, etc.; δόμων γὰρ ζῶσι τῶνδε δεσπόται. Answ. τί ζῶσιν; how do you mean ζῶσι ζῶσι forsooth! E. Alc. 806; Κιθαιρὼν--Answ. τί Κιθαιρών; what aboutK.? Id. Ba. 1177 codd., cf. 1182 (both lyr.); cf. τίη.
        • f τί with Particles: -τί γάρ; why not? how else? and so it came to mean of course, no doubt, A. Ag. 1239, Ch. 880, Eu. 678, etc.; used in affirmative answers, Pl. Phdr. 258d, Tht. 209b, al.; to introduce an argument, Arist. Pol. 1281a14; v. γάρ I.4:—τί δαί; v. δαί:—τί δέ; serving to pass on quickly to a fresh point, Pl. Hp.Ma. 288c, al.; τί δέ, εἰ . .; but what, if . . ? E. Hel. 1043; τί δʼ ἄν, εἰ . .; Ar. Th. 773; τί δʼ ἢν . .; Id. Nu. 1444; τί δέ, εἰ μὴ . .; what else but . . ? X. Oec. 9.1, cf. S. OT 941, Ph. 421; so τί δὲ δή; τί δή; τί δή ποτε; why ever? why in the world? what do you mean? Pl. R. 470e, Grg. 469a, Sph. 241d, S. El. 1184:—so also τί δῆτα; how, pray? τί δῆτʼ ἄν, εἰ . .; Ar. Nu. 154:— (τί μή; f.l. in S. Aj. 668):—τί μήν; i.e. yes certainly, much like τί γάρ; Pl. Tht. 162e, etc., prob. in S. Aj. 668:—τί μὴν οὔ; in reply to a question, Id. El. 1280 (lyr.):—τί νυ; why now? Il. 1.414, etc.:—τί δʼ οὔ; parenthetic, why not? as an affirmative answer, S. Ant. 460; τί οὐ καλοῦμεν; i.e. let us call, Ar. Lys. 1103; τί οὐ βαδίζομεν; etc., Pl. Prt. 310e, etc.:—τί οὖν; how so? making an objection, A. Th. 208; but τί οὖν ἔτʼ ἂν σαίνοιμεν . . μόρον; ib. 704; τί οὖν οὐκ ἐρωτᾷς; Pl. Ly. 211d:—τί ποτε; v. τίπτε;
        • g with Conjunctions following:—τί ὅτι . .; why is it that . . ? Stratt. 62 (f.l.), LXX Ge. 3.1, Ev.Luc. 2.49, etc.:—with Conjunctions preceding, ἵνα τί; v. ἵνα B. II.3 c.
        • h with Preps.:—διὰ τί; wherefore? Ar. Pl. 1111, etc.:—ἐκ τίνος; from what cause? X. An. 5.8.4:—ἐς τί; to what point? how long? Il. 5.465; but also, to what end? S. Tr. 403, cf. OC 524 (lyr.):—κατὰ τί; for what purpose? Ar. Nu. 239:—πρὸς τί; wherefore? S. OT 766, 1027, etc.
    • II τίς is sts. used for ὅστις in indirect questions, εἰρώτα δὴ ἔπειτα τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι Od. 15.423, cf. 17.368; δεῖξον τίς ἔσται τῇ ταλαιπώρῳ χρόνος A. Pr. 623; οὐδʼ ἔχω τίς ἂν γενοίμαν ib. 905 (lyr.); οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ Id. Ch. 91, cf. S. OC 48, etc.; ἐπισκεψώμεθα τίνες πέπανται σφενδόνας X. An. 3.3.18; εἰπὲ τίνα γνώμην ἔχεις ib. 2.2.10; freq. in later Gr., where ὅστις is very rare, εἰς τὸ λογιστήριον γράφων . . τί ὀφείλεται PHib. 1.29.42 (iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen. 21.40, al. (iii B.C.); οὐθεὶς ἐσήμηνεν παρὰ τί ἂν τοῖς προστεταγμένοις . . οὐ κατηκολούθησαν nobody indicated why they should not have obeyed orders, PTeb. 72.160, cf. 61 (b). 227 (ii B.C.); ὅστις and τίς are sts. combined, ὡς πύθοιθʼ ὅ τι δρῶν ἢ τί φωνῶν ῥυσαίμην S. OT 71, cf. A. Pr. 489 sq., 617, 623:—later with inf., τί πράττειν οὐκ ἔχω I do not know what to do, Aesop. 67, cf. Ps.-Luc. Philopatr. 29.
        • b sts. not in indirect questions, whoever, whatever, αἰτοῦ τί χρῄζεις ἕν E. Fr. 773.2; ταῦτα οὐκ ἀπέστελλον πάντα, ἀλλʼ ἐκλεγόμενοι τίνων αἱ τιμαὶ ἐπετέταντο whatever things had risen in price, D. 56.24; τίνα δʼ ἁ Κύπρις οὐκ ἐφίλησεν whomsoever K. has not loved, AP 5.169 (Noss.); τίνι ἡ τύχη δίδωσι, λαβέτω Antiochus ap. Ptol.Euerg. 3 J.; λαμβανέτω τί θέλει AP 12.219 (Strat.); τὰν ὀνάλαν κίς κε γινύειτει IG 9(2).517.22 (Larissa, iii B.C.); καὶ τί ἂν εἶ ( = ᾖ) λοιπόν ib. 5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C., nisi leg. καἴ τι ἂν, v. supr. A. III.2e); τίς ἂν δὲ χεῖρα προσαγάγῃ Epigr.Gr. 376a (Aezani); τίς σοφός, αὐτῷ προσκολλήθητι LXX Si. 6.34; οὐ τί ἐγὼ θίλω, ἀλλὰ τί σύ Ev.Marc. 14.36; τίς σοφίῃ πάντων πρῶτος, τούτου τρίποδʼ αὐδῶ Orac. ap. D.S. 9.3 et ap. D.L. 1.28 codd. (ὃς Cobet from Sch. Ar. Pl. 9); χαῖρε καὶ σύ, τίς ποτʼ εἶ IG 9 (2).953 (Larissa), cf. CIG 1982 (Thessalonica); in other places, as S. El. 1176, Tr. 339, OT 1144, E. Ion 324, this constr. cannot be admitted.
        • c τίς = ὅστις after a neg., μή τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνὴ . ., τίνος ἡ διάνοια ἐξέκλινεν κτλ.; LXX De. 29.18.
        • d = ὅς or ὅσπερ, τέων . . Ζεὺς ἐπὶ σαλπίγγων ἱρὰ βοῇ δέχεται Κᾶρες ὁμοῦ Λελέγεσσι Call. Aet. 3.1.60 [Fr. 75.60 Pf.], cf. Del. 185, Epigr. 30.2, Nic. Al. 2; Δωροθέαν, τίς τὸν ἐμὸν ἄνδρα εἶχε Tab.Defix.Aud. 10.4 (Cnidus, ii/i B.C.), cf. 5.2,8; τίνας ἱερεωσύνας εἶχον ἐπενεγύων SIG 705.43, cf. 56 (Senatus consultum, Delph., ii B.C.); τίνα με ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι, οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ Act.Ap. 13.25; τίς ἔζησεν ἔτη β who lived . ., IG 14.1560 (Rome), cf. 1391 (ibid.); εὗρον γεωργόν, τίς αὐτὰ ἑλκύσῃ BGU 822.5 (ii/iii A.D.).
      • 2 τίς; τί; in direct or indirect questions may be construed with a part., σὺ δὲ τίς ὢν ταῦτα λέγεις; being who, i.e. who are you that . . ? Pl. Grg. 452a; ἐπειρέσθαι . . τίνες ἐόντες ἄνθρωποι . . ταῦτα προαγορεύουσι Hdt. 1.153; καταμεμάθηκας . . τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσι; X. Mem. 2.2.1; or in a subordinate clause, ἀλλʼ ὅταν τί ποιήσωσι, νομιεῖς αὐτοὺς σοῦ φροντίζειν; ib. 1.4.14; νῦν δʼ ἐπειδὴ τίνος τέχνης ἐπιστήμων ἐστί, τίνα ἂν καλοῦντες αὐτὸν ὀρθῶς καλοῖμεν; Pl. Grg. 448c.
    • III = πότερος; X. Cyr. 1.3.17, Pl. Phlb. 52d, Ev.Matt. 27.21, Ev.Luc. 5.23.
    • IV τί as exclamatory Adv., how . . ! τί ὡραιώθησαν σιαγόνες σου ὡς τρυγόνες LXX Ca. 1.10, cf. 4.10; τί θέλω how I wish! Ev.Luc. 12.49; τί στενή v.l. in Ev.Matt. 7.14.
  • C Prosody: τις and τίς keep ῐ in all cases (digamma operates in Il. 6.462, etc.).
    • II τί was never elided; but hiatus is allowed after τί in Ep. τί ἢ (v. τίη), also in Com., as τί οὐ; Ar. Av. 149; τί οὖν; Id. Pl. 94; τί ἔστι; Id. Nu. 82, Av. 1036; τί, ὦ πάτερ; Id. Nu. 80:—a licence which is rarer in Trag., τί ἔστιν; S. Ph. 733; τί οὖν; A. Th. 208, 704, Eu. 902, S. Aj. 873 (lyr.), Ph. 100, etc.; τί εἶπας; Id. Tr. 1203, Ph. 917.

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