ψεύδω
ψεύδω, to cheat by lies, beguile
- cheat by lies, beguile, τινα S. OC 628, etc.:—Pass., to be cheated, deceived, A. Ch. 759, etc.; εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι unless I am much deceived, Antipho 3.2.1.
- 2 c. gen., cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing, ψεύσει σʼ ὁδοῦ τῆσδʼ ἐλπίς E. Hec. 1031; ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας A. Pers. 472; μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος Ar. Th. 870; πιστεύω . . μὴ ψεύσειν με . . τὰς ἐλπίδας X. Cyr. 1.5.13; πόλλʼ ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς E. Fr. 650:—Pass., to be cheated balked, disappointed, τινος of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου, Hdt. 1.141, 5.47; ἐνάρων S. Aj. 178 (lyr.); δείπνου Ar. Nu. 618 (troch.); ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν disappointed of receiving tidings from the scouts, Th. 8.103.
- 3 in Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης deceived in their judgement, mistaken in opinion, Hdt. 8.40, cf. S. Tr. 712 (also ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ Hdt. 7.9.γʹ); ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived or mistaken in their notions of the Athenian power, Th. 4.108; πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας you have often had a mistaken idea of a manʼs wealth, Lys. 19.45; τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην Pl. Ap. 22d; ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Id. R. 413a; τῆς ὥρας And. 1.38; ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων Pl. Tht. 195a; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, opp. εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, X. Mem. 4.2.26; also ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι Hdt. 9.48; περί τινος X. An. 2.6.28, Pl. Prt. 358c: also c. acc., ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο X. An. 1.8.11, etc.; αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Th. 6.17 (where αὐτοὺς is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος most happily deceived or mistaken, Pl. Men. 71d: more rarely in Act., καί μʼ ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ thou hast much belied my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, S. Aj. 1382.
- 4 of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται the third mode of explanation is most untrue, most mistaken, Hdt. 2.22.
- II c. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω II, represent a thing as a lie, falsify, ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων S. OC 1512 (prob. for σημάτων) ; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην afterthought gives opinion the lie, Id. Ant. 389:— Pass., ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων if his word prove (lit. be proved) false, Id. Ph. 1342; ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Th. 3.66; πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται have been falsely reported, D. 52.23; in E. Andr. 346 for ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται it will be falsely said, Porsonʼs correction ἐψεύσεται is probable (πεύσεται Kiehl).
- B earlier and more common ψεύδομαι, imper. ψεύδεο Il. 4.404 (the Act. is very rare in Att. Prose): fut. ψεύσομαι Hom., Pi., Att.: aor ἐψευσάμην, v. infr.: fut. 2 ἐψεύσομαι (will have made a false statement) Gal. 15.137 (s. v.l.): pf. ἔψευσμαι X. An. 1.3.10.
- I abs., lie, speak false, play false, ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; Il. 10.534, Od. 4.140; οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι h.Merc. 369; οὐ ψεύσομʼ ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ Pi. O. 13.52; περί τινος Pl. Prt. 347a; ψ. κατά τινος, opp. λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος, Id. Euthd. 284a, Lys. 22.7; ψ. πρός τινα X. An. 1.3.5; ψ. τινι Act.Ap. 5.4 and εἴς τινα Ep.Col. 3.9.
- 2 c. inf., say falsely, pretend that . ., Plu. Garr. 2.506d.
- 3 c. acc. rei, say that which is untrue, whether intentionally or not, τοῦτό γʼ οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar. Ec. 445; οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται Id. Ach. 561; κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμʼ ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν S. OT 461; ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω . ., εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι Pl. Smp. 214e, cf. X. Mem. 4.2.19; περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς Lys. 3.21.
- 4 to be false or faithless, to be perjured or forsworn, Hes. Op. 283.
- 5 ὁ ψευδόμενος, the Liar, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. D.L. 2.108, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic. 2.92 (ψευδόμενος is an interpolation in ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. Arist. EN 1146a22).
- II like Act. II, belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι break them, Il. 7.352; so συνθήκας ψ. X. Ages. 1.12; γάμους E. Ba. 31, 245; so in plpf., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Th. 5.83; so also οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς they did not belie, i.e. they made good, their threats, Hdt. 6.32; τὰ χρήματα . . ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, X. An. 5.6.35.
- III like Act. I, deceive by lies, cheat, Λοξίαν ἐψευσάμην A. Ag. 1208, cf. X. HG 3.1.25; also ψ. τινά τι deceive one in a thing, S. OC 1145, E. Alc. 808; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι and therein I will not disappoint him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, And. 1.123; τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται (ὧν being in gen. by attraction) Pl. Lg. 921a.
- IV of combinations of words, make a false statement, Arist. Int. 16a3.
1. act., met acc.
a. van pers. bedriegen, misleiden:
b. van zaken logenstraffen, als onwaar doen uitkomen:
2. med. met aor.
a. liegen:
b. tot leugen maken, verloochenen, met acc.:
3. pass. met aor.
a. van pers. bedrogen uitkomen (in), zich vergissen (in):
b. van zaken onwaar blijken, perf.:
2) Med. ψεύδομαι, ψεύσομαι, ἐψευσάμην, die Unwahrheit reden, lügen, täuschen ; μὴ ψεύδεʼ ἐπιστάμενος σάφα εἰπεῖν Il. 4.404 ; μαψιδίως Od. 14.365 ; ψεύσομαι ἢ ἔτυμον ἐρέω Il. 13.534, Od. 4.140 ; auch Ggstz von νημερτής εἰμι, h.Merc. 369 ; meineidig sein, einen Eid verletzen, Hes. O. 285, wie ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι, den Eid brechen, Il. 7.352 ; συνθήκας ψεύδεσθαι, einen Vertrag nicht halten, Xen. Ages. 1.12 ; womit man noch vergleichen kann οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς, sie ließen ihre Drohungen nicht zu Lügen werden, sie machten sie wahr, Her. 6.32 ; ψεύσομαι ἀμφί τινι Pind. Ol. 13.50 ; ἐψευσάμην ξυναινέσασα Aesch. Ag. 1181 ; μάντις ὢν οὐ ψεύσομαι Eum. 585 ; τοῦτό γʼ οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar. Eccl. 445 ; u. in Prosa oft bei Plat.: οὐδὲν κατὰ σοῦ ψεύδεται Euthyd. 284a ; Ggstz ἀληθεύειν Crat. 431b ; ἔστιν ὅ τι τούτου ψεῦδος λυσιτελέστερον ἂν ἐψεύσατό ποτε Legg. II.663d ; τινά τι, Xen. An. 1.3.10 u. öfter. – Auch ψεύδεσθαί τινα = Einen betrügen, täuschen, οὔποτʼ ἄλλον ἄνδρα ψεύσεται μαντεύμασιν Eur. Hel. 1642 ; Xen. Hell. 3.1.25, u. bes. sp.D., wie Ap.Rh. 1.765, Arat. 35.
Strong 5574
1. absol., to lie: He 6:18, I Jo 1:6, Re 3:9; οὐ ψεύδομαι, Ro 9:1, II Co 11:31, Ga 1:20, I Ti 2:7 c. dat. pers. (Ps 17 (18):45, Je 5:12, al.), Ac 5:4; seq. εἰς, Col 3:9; κατά, Ja 3:14 (Hort, in l.).
2. Like act., c. acc., to deceive by lies (Æsch., al.): Ac 5:3.†
- 1to cheat by lies, beguile, Soph., etc.:—Pass. to be cheated, deceived, Aesch, etc.
- 2ψ. τινά τινος to cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing, Aesch., Soph.; also c. acc. rei, ἐλπίδας ψ. τινά Xen.:—Pass. to be cheated, balked, disappointed of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου Hdt.; δείπνου Ar.
- 3Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης mistaken in opinion, Hdt.; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς τῶν Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived in their notions of the Athenian power, Thuc.; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, Opp. to εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, Xen.:—also, ψευσθῆναι ἔν τινι Hdt.; περί τινος Xen.: also c. acc., αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Thuc.
- 4of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται Hdt.
- IIc. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω, to represent a thing as a lie, to falsify, Soph.:—Pass., ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Thuc.
- Bearlier and more common is the Dep. ψεύδομαι, Ep. imper. ψεύδεο· f. ψεύσομαι· aor. 1 ἐψευσάμην· pf. ἔψευσμαι·
- Iabsol. to lie, speak false, play false, Hom., etc.
- 2c. acc. rei, to say that which is untrue, ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι Plat.; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύδομαι which I do not speak falsely about him, Andoc.
- 3to be false, perjured or forsworn, Hes.
- IIlike Act. II, to belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι to break them, Il.; so, ψ. γάμους Eur.; so in plqpf. pass., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Thuc.; τὰ χρήματα ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, Xen.
- IIIlike Act. 1, to deceive by lies, cheat, Aesch., Eur.; ψ. τινά τι to deceive one in a thing, Soph., Eur.
- Ato cheat by lies, beguile, Soph., etc.:—Pass. to be cheated, deceived, Aesch., etc.
- 2ψ. τινά τινος to cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing, Aesch., Soph.; also c. acc. rei, ἐλπίδας ψ. τινά Xen.: —Pass. to be cheated, balked, disappointed of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου Hdt.; δείπνου Ar.
- 3Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης mistaken in opinion, Hdt.; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς τῶν Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived in their notions of the Athenian power, Thuc.; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, Opp. to εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, Xen.:—also, ψευσθῆναι ἔν τινι Hdt.; περί τινος Xen.: also c. acc., αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Thuc.
- 4of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται Hdt.
- IIc. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω, to represent a thing as a lie, to falsify, Soph.:—Pass., ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Thuc.
- Bearlier and more common is the Mid. ψεύδομαι
- 1absol. to lie, speak false, play false, Hom., etc.
- 2c. acc. rei, to say that which is untrue, ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι Plat.; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύδομαι which I do not speak falsely about him, Andoc.
- 3to be false, perjured or forsworn, Hes.
- IIlike Act. II, to belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι to break them, Il.; so, ψ. γάμους Eur.; so in plup. pass., ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Thuc.; τὰ χρήματα ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, Xen.
- IIIlike Act. I, to deceive by lies, cheat, Aesch., Eur.; ψ. τινά τι to deceive one in a thing, Soph., Eur.
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…αὐτὸν χρόνον Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν ἐνίκων τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ, Λακεδαιμόνιοι δέ, οὐ ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἐνδεεῖς γενόμενοι, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πλήθους ψευσθέντες καὶ οὓς φυλάξειν ᾤοντο καὶ πρὸς οὓς κινδυνεύσειν ἔμελλον, ; διεφθάρησαν ; οὐχ ἡττηθέντες τῶν ἐναντίων, ἀλλʼ ἀποθανόντες…
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…, μανθάνω παρὰ τῶν ἄλλων, ἀληθῆ εἶπες, ὦ Θρασύμαχε, ὅτι δὲ οὔ με φῂς χάριν ἐκτίνειν, ψεύδῃ · ἐκτίνω γὰρ ὅσην δύναμαι. δύναμαι δὲ ἐπαινεῖν μόνον · χρήματα γὰρ οὐκ ἔχω. ὡς δὲ προθύμως τοῦτο…
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