λαός

λᾱός, ὁ, Ion. ληός Hippon. 88, Hdt. 5.42 (v.l. λαόν, which is in all Mss. in 4.148), cj. in Mimn. 14.9; Att. λεώς, which is also used in Hdt. 1.22, 8.136, while the form λαός is sts. used in Trag., and once or twice even in Com. (v. infr. I.3): also in Inscrr. and Pap. (v. infr.) and in late Prose, as Foed.Byz. ap. Plb. 4.52.7 (pl.), Str. 14.4.3 (pl.), Plu. Suav. 2.1096b, etc. (both forms in pr. nn., Λεωβώτης Hdt. 7.204, Λαβώτας X. HG 1.2.18, etc.).

• • • 1 in Il., λαός (λαοί) usu. means men, i.e. soldiers, both of the whole army and smaller divisions, κριτὸς ἔγρετο λ. Ἀχαιῶν 7.434; λαὸν ἀγείρειν 16.129; πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν 2.115: pl., ἅμα τῷ γε . . ἄριστοι λ. ἕποντʼ ib. 578; στίχες ἀσπιστάων λ. 4.91; periphr., στρατὸς λαῶν ib. 76; λαῶν ἔθνος 13.495; mostly including both foot and horse, as 2.809; but sts. λαός denotes foot, as opp. horse, 7.342; also, a land army, opp. a fleet, 4.76, 9.424, 10.14; also, the common men, opp. their leaders, 2.365, 13.108; but
    • 2 in Od., λαοί, more rarely λαός, almost always means men or people; as subjects of a prince, e.g. 3.214, 305, al. (λαοί is sts. so used in Il., e.g. 17.226, 24.611; λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται country-folk, 11.676; work-people, 17.390); of sailors, Od. 14.248; so after Hom., ναυτικὸς λεώς seafaring folk, A. Pers. 383; πᾶς ὁ χειρῶναξ λεώς S. Fr. 844; ὁ γεωργικὸς λεώς Ar. Pax 920 (lyr.): in sg., slave, τὸν Εὐρυσθέως λεών, of Heracles, Hecat. 23 J.; and so perh. λεὼς αὔτοικος GDI 5533e (Zeleia): more generally, μέροπες λαοί, i.e. mankind, A. Supp. 90 (lyr.); λ. ἐγχώριοι the natives, ib. 517, cf. Od. 6.194; esp. in Egypt, of the fellahin, PRev.Laws 42.11-16 (iii B. C.), PSI 4.380.5 (iii B. C.), etc.; civil population, opp. priests and soldiers, OGI 90.12 (Rosetta, ii B. C.), cf. 225.8 (Milet., iii B. C.), al.
    • 3 people assembled, as in the theatre, ὁ πολὺς λαῶν ὄχλος Ar. Ra. 676, cf. 219 (both lyr.); esp. in the Ecclesia, αἱ στίχες τῶν λαῶν Id. Eq. 163: hence the phrase ἀκούετε λεῴ hear O people!—the usual way of beginning proclamations at Athens, like our Oyez! Sus. 1.1, Ar. Pax 551, Av. 448; τιμῶσιν οἱ πάντες λεῴ ib. 1275; δεῦρʼ ἴτε, πάντες λεῴ Arist. Fr. 384; Ἀττικὸς λεώς A. Eu. 681; ὁ πολὺς λεώς the multitude, Pl. R. 458d, etc.
    • 4 in LXX, of the people, as opp. priests and Levites, 1 Es. 5.46; in NT, of Jews, opp. Gentiles, Ev.Matt. 2.6, Ev.Luc. 2.10, al., cf. SIG 1247 (Jewish tombstones); of Christians, opp. heathen, Act.Ap. 15.14, al.
  • II a people, i.e. all who are called by one name, first in Pi., Δωριεῖ λαῷ O. 8.30; Λυδῶν δὲ λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν A. Pers. 770; ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαός S. Ph. 1243, cf. OT 144, etc.; ἱππόται λαοί, i.e. the Thessalians, Pi. P. 4.153, cf. 9.54, N. 1.17. (The resemblance between λαός people and λᾶος stone (cf. λᾶας) is implied in Il. 24.611 λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε Κρονίων (in the story of Niobe); and so Pi. explains the word from the legend of Deucalion, O. 9.46, cf. Epich. 122, Apollod. 1.7.2; but cf. Philoch. 12.) (From λᾱϝ-, as shown by the pr.names Λαϝοπτόλεμος GDI 3151, ϝιόλαϝος ib. 3132 (Corinth): hence prob. λήϊτον.)

λᾱός -οῦ, ὁ [cf. Hitt. laḫḫa?] people
🄰 as crowd or mass of human beings: soldiers, armed troops of an army (sg. and pl.) Il. 4.91, 7.434, al. (usu.); λαὸν ἀγείρειν to muster the soldiers Il. 16.129, al.; πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν I have lost many men Il. 2.115; τοιόνδε τοσόνδε τε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν (to grasp) such an army of Achaeans, and so great Il. 2.120; ἅμα τῷ γε … ἄριστοι λαοὶ ἕποντο the best men were with him Il. 2.578 | periphr. στρατὸς or ἔθνος λαῶν = λαός Il. 4.76, 13.495 | foot soldiers, infantry (opp. to horsemen, chariot fighters) Il. 7.342 | land army (opp. to fleet) Il. 4.76, 9.424, al. | soldiers (opp. to commanders) Il. 2.365, 13.108, al.

🄱 people, men of the people, subject to a commander Il. 17.226, al. Od. 3.214, 305, al. Hes. Th. 48 Hdt. 2.129.1 etc. | λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται peasants Il. 11.676 = γεωργικὸς λεώς Aristoph. Pax 920 | craftsmen Il. 17.390 | sailors Od. 14.248 | in usu. λ. ἐγχώριοι local people, natives Aeschl. Suppl. 517 | δέσποινα λαῶν mistress of the people, epith. of Artemis Bacchyl. Epin. 11.117 | servants, retinue, of a pers. AAp. Thom. B 18 (p. 32.9) etc. ‖ crowd gathering, people gathered usu. in assembly Od. 2.41,81, al. Hes. Th. 430 Aristoph. Eq. 163, al. etc.; ἀκούετε λεῴ to the people: listen (= listen!), formula at the beginning of proclamations Aristoph. Pax 551, Av. 448 etc.; δεῦρ’ ἴτε, πάντες λεῴ come here, all of you Aristot. fr. 384; τὸ τοῦ λεώ public property, public place Men. Dysc. 173 | crowd at the theater, spectators Aristoph. Ran. 676, al. | extens. multitude, crowd Plat. Rp. 458d; πλῆθος πολὺ τοῦ λαοῦ great crowd of the people NT Luke 6.17 ‖ single population or nation: people, lineage Pind. O. 8.30 etc.; Λυδῶν λ. καὶ Φρυγῶν the people of the Lydians and Phrygians Aeschl. Pers. 770; ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λ. the whole population of the Achaeans Soph. Ph. 1243 ‖ bibl. nation, people in its unity VT Gen. 34.22; esp. of the Hebrew people, of Israel VT Exod. 19.7, al. etc., as λαὸς θεοῦ people of God VT Judg. 20.2 NT Heb. 11.25; τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ my people Israel VT 2Sam. 5.2 NT Matt. 2.6; λ. ἅγιος sacred people VT Is. 62.12, al.; opp. to ἔθνη Gentiles NT Acts 26.17, al. | of Gentiles who have become Christ. λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν λαὸν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ to choose among the Gentiles a people in his name NT Acts 15.14; οἵ ποτε οὐ λαὸς νῦν δὲ λαὸς θεοῦ you, who were once a non-people, are now the people of God NT 1Pet. 2.10 | of Hebrews, Gentiles, and Christians Clem. Str. 6.5.42.2 | of the Church [Clem.¹] Ep. 2.3 etc.; ὁ λ. ὁ καινός the new people Barn. 5.7 ‖ eccl. laity, laypersons opp. to clergy Io. HCor. 10.435D etc. ‖ congregation Epiph. Haer. 49.2.4 etc.

● Att. λεώς | Ion. ληός (but also λεώς Hdt. 1.22.3, 8.136.2).

λαός, [ᾱ], ὁ, att. λεώς, ώ, auch Her., das Volk, die große Masse, der Haufen (vgl. δῆμος), bes. das Kriegsvolk, Heereshaufen, Il. oft λαὸν ἀγείρω, 16.129, ἐπὶ δʼ ἴαχε λαὸς ὄπισθεν, 13.833, πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν, 2.115, vgl. noch 7.306 ὁ μὲν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν ἤϊʼ, ὁ δʼ ἐς Τρώων ὅμαδον κίε ; eben so häufig im plur., die Mannen, Krieger, ἅμα τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι λαοὶ ἕποντο, 2.578, vom ganzen Heere u. von kleineren Scharen ; auch ἔθνος λαῶν, 13.495, στρατός, στίχες λαῶν, 4.76, 90, Reiterei u. Fußvolk in sich begreifend, 2.809, aber auch im Ggstz der ἵπποι, das Fußvolk, 7.342, 9.708, 18.153 ; als Landheer den Schiffen entgegengesetzt, 9.424, 10.14, u. als Masse der gemeinen Krieger den Heerführern, 2.365, 13.108, 24.28 u. öfter. – In der Od. die Leute, ohne Beziehung auf den Krieg, in Unterordnung unter den König, die Untertanen, wie auch Il. 17.226, 24.611 λαοί die friedlichen Bürger im Ggstz der Krieger sind. Il. 17.390 sind es die Leute, Gesellen des Gerbers ; auch werden bestimmende Prädikate hinzugesetzt, λαοὶ ἀσπισταί, ἕταροι, Kriegsleute, Kriegsgesellen, Il. 4.90, 13.170, λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται, Landleute, 11.676. – Aehnlich auch Pind. λαὸν ἀγείρειν νασιώταν, P. 9.56, ἵππαιχμος, ἱππότας, N. 1.17, P. 1.153 ; – λαοῖς μερόπεσσι Aesch. Suppl. 84, λαοὺς συγκαλῶν ἐγχωρίους 512, 954 ; die Krieger, λεῶν, ὧν ὅδʼ ἡγεῖτο οἴκοθεν, Soph. Aj. 1079. – Uebh. eine größere Menge, z.B. Bacchanten, Ar. Ran. 219. – Von Pind. an Volk, als Gesammtheit Vieler unter Einem Namen, Δωριεῖ λαῷ, Ol. 8.30 ; λέλυται γὰρ λαὸς ἐλεύθερα βάζειν, Aesch. Pers. 585 ; Λυδῶν δὲ λαὸν καὶ Φρυγῶν ἐκτήσατο, 756 u. öfter, wie λεὼς Περσικός 775, τὸν Ἀργεῖον λεών Eum. 280, obgleich auch diese Form in der ersten Bedeutung vorkommt ; τὸν ἀμφιτειχῆ λεών Spt. 272, πάντα ναυτικὸν λεών Pers. 375, πεζικός frg. 415 ; Soph. hat die Form λαός nur Phil. 1227, O.R. 144, sonst immer λεώς, πᾶς Καδμείων λεώς O.C. 745 ; u. so auch Eur., ἐλθὼν λαὸν εἰς αὐτόχθονα κλεινῶν Ἀθηνῶν Ion 29 ; – Her. hat λαός 2.124, 129, aber auch λεώς, 1.22, 8.136 ; Ar. u. in attischer Prosa sin der es aber nicht häufig vorkommt) nur λεώς, z.B. λ. γεωργικός Pax 887 ; ἀκούετε λεῴ, Ruf des Herolds, hört ihr Leute, 543, Av. 448 ; πρὸς τὸ πείθειν τε καὶ ἕλκειν τὸν πο λὺν λεών, die große Volksmenge, Plat. Rep. V.458d ; sonst nur noch Legg. IV.707e. – Später aber wieder λαός, Pol. 4.52.7 ; D. gie. 1.57, 3.45 ; Plut. u. A. – Den Zusammenhang mit λᾶας, Stein, führten schon die Alten auf Deukalion zurück, wie Pind. Ol. 9.44, ἄτερ δʼ εὐνᾶς ὁμόδαμον κτησάσθαν λίθινον γένος, λαοὶ δʼ ὀνόμασθεν, vgl. Epicharm. bei Schol. zu dieser Stelle ; Apoll. 1.7, 2. Neuere nehmen Masse als den beiden Wörtern zu Grunde liegenden Begriff an. Vgl. auch λεία u. λήϊον.

λαός

-οῦ, ὁ (λαϝός).

• • 1

    The folk or people of a king or chief : Πριάμοιο Il. 4.47 = 165 = Il. 6.449. Cf. Il. 8.246, Il. 24.28 : Od. 7.60.

    In pl. : ἄτερ λαῶν πόλιν ἑξέμεν ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων (without either your own folk or strangers) Il. 5.473, πολλῶν λαῶν ἄναξ Il. 9.98. Cf. Il. 14.93, Il. 17.145, Il. 21.458, Il. 24.37 : Od. 2.234 = Od. 5.12, Od. 4.176, Od. 7.323, Od. 13.62, Od. 22.54.

    In pl., subjects, folk : λαοὶ Ἀγαμέμνονος εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι Od. 9.263.

  • 2

    A band or following, followers, folk : πολὺν λαὸν ἀγείρας Il. 2.664. Cf. Il. 2.675, Il. 9.483, Il. 18.452 : Od. 6.164, Od. 14.248.

    Sim. : ἄλλος λ. Μυρμιδόνων Il. 11.796.

    In pl. : ἅμα τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι λαοὶ ἕποντο Il. 2.578. Cf. Il. 2.580, 708, 773, 818, Il. 3.186, Il. 4.91, 202, Il. 5.643, Il. 10.170, Il. 13.710, Il. 16.551, Il. 20.383.

    In pl., one’s men or people, one’s servants : ὡς ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ βοὸς βοείην λαοῖσιν δώῃ τανύειν Il. 17.390.

  • 3

    The general body of a community, the people in general : κήρυκες λαὸν ἐρήτυον Il. 18.503. Cf. Il. 24.665, 789: Od. 2.41, 81, Od. 3.305, Od. 24.530.

    In pl. : κατατρύχω λαούς Il. 17.226. Cf. Il. 18.301, 497, 502, Il. 22.408, Il. 24.611, 715, 740, 777 : τὸν πάντες λαοὶ θηεῦντο Od. 2.13 = Od. 17.64. Cf. Od. 2.252, Od. 3.214, Od. 6.194, Od. 7.71, Od. 11.136, Od. 13.156, Od. 16.375, Od. 22.133, etc.

  • 4

    In gen., folk, people : ἐπεἰ πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν Il. 2.115 = Il. 9.22. Cf. Il. 5.758 : Od. 11.500, 518.

    In pl. : λαοὶ περίτρεσαν ἀγροιῶται Il. 11.676. Cf. Od. 9.265, Od. 24.428.

  • 5

    In pl., the bystanders, the crowd : λαοὶ γέροντα μόγις ἔχον Il. 22.412. Cf. Od. 8.125.

  • 6

    In the most gen. sense, men.

    In pl. : πάντων ἀριδείκετε λαῶν Od. 8.382 = 401 = Od. 9.2 = Od. 11.355 = 378 = Od. 13.38. Cf. Il. 9.117.

  • 7

    The general body of a host, the host in general : ἅμα λαῷ θωρηχθῆναι Il. 1.226. Cf. Il. 1.54, Il. 2.99, Il. 4.287, Il. 5.465, Il. 13.349, Il. 23.258, etc. : Od. 3.140, 144.

    In pl. : ὀλέκοντο λαοί Il. 1.10. Cf. Il. 1.16, 263, Il. 3.318, Il. 9.420, Il. 12.229, Il. 18.523, Il. 23.53, etc. : Od. 3.156, Od. 4.156, Od. 18.152, etc.

    Distinguished in terms from the leaders : ἡγήσατο . . . ἐπὶ δʼ ἴαχε λαὸς ὄπισθεν Il. 13.834. Cf. Il. 15.695, 723, Il. 24.658.

    In pl. : ὅς θʼ ἡγεμόνων κακὸς ὅς τε λαῶν Il. 2.365. Cf. Il. 13.108, 492, Il. 15.15, Il. 18.519.

    Including the leaders : ἐπιπροέηκεν ἀρίστους κρινάμενος κατὰ κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιϊκόν Il. 9.521.

  • 8

    In gen., a host or army : ὅτʼ ἐν θήβῃσιν ἀπώλετο λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν Il. 6.223. Cf. Il. 2.120, 799, Il. 4.28, 377, 407, 430, Il. 9.338, Il. 11.716, 770.

    Of a part or section of a host : ᾗ πλεῖστον ὀρινόμενον ἴδε λαόν (where he perceived the greatest confusion) Il. 16.377.

  • 9

    In pl., fighters, fighting men, warriors : στρατῷ εὐρέϊ λαῶν Il. 4.76, λαοῖσιν καθύπερθε πεποιθότες Il. 12.153. Cf. Il. 18.509.

    Foot-soldiers as distinguished from fighters using chariots : ἵππονκαὶ λαόν Il. 7.342. Cf. Il. 9.708, Il. 18.153.

    A body detailed for some purpose : κριτὸς λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν Il. 7.434.

λᾱός (-ῷ, -όν; -οί, -ῶν, -οῖς(ι).)

• 1people, folk Δωριεῖ λαῷ O. 8.30 κτισσάσθαν λίθινον γόνον (sc. Πύρρα καὶ Δευκαλίων). λαοὶ δʼ ὀνύμασθεν O. 9.46 πόλιν δʼ ὤπασεν λαόν τε διαιτᾶν O. 9.66 τόνδε λαὸν ἀβλαβῆ νέμων O. 13.27 “ἱππόταις εὔθυνε λαοῖς δίκας” P. 4.153 “ἀφίξεται λαῷ σὺν ἀβλαβεῖ Ἄβαντος εὐρυχόρους ἀγυιάς” (sc. Ἄδραστος: i. e. with the army he led against Thebes) P. 8.54 “ἐπὶ λαὸν ἀγείραις νασιώταν ὄχθον ἐς ἀμφίπεδον” P. 9.54 Περσεὺς Σερίφῳ λαοῖσί τε μοῖραν ἄγων P. 12.12 ὤπασε δὲ Κρονίων πολέμου μναστῆρά οἱ χαλκεντέος λαὸν ἵππαιχμον N. 1.17 ἀγλαίαισιν δʼ ἀστυνόμοις ἐπιμεῖξαι λαόν N. 9.32 καρπὸς ἐλαίας ἔμολεν Ἥρας τὸν εὐάνορα λαόν i. e. to Argos N. 10.36 “Αἴαντα, λαῶν ἐν πόνοις ἔκπαγλον Ἐνυαλίου” the peoples of the Warlord = armies I. 6.53 καλῶν μὲν ὦν μοῖράν τε τερπνῶν ἐς μέσον χρὴ παντὶ λαῷ δεικνύναι fr. 42. 4. τὰν δὲ λαῶν γενεὰν δαρὸν ἐρέπτοι Pae. 1.9 σέθ]εν Ἰάονι τόνδε λαῷ [παι]ᾶνα [δι]ώξω people of Abdera Πα. 2. 3. λ]αὸν ἀστῶν Pae. 2.48 ]λαὸν[ Pae. 6.179 ]λαῶν ξενοδαίκτα βασιλῆος i. e. of Laomedon fr. 140a. 56 (30). dub., [λαοὺς ἐλάσαντες] (supp. von Arnim) Pae. 2.62

λαός , pl. λᾱοί: people, host, esp. army; sometimes crew, crews, Od. 14.248; oftener the pl. than the sing., Il. 4.199, Il. 5.573.

λαός .λᾱός, οῦ,

• Ionic ληός, Attic λεώς:—, the people, both in sg. and pl., i. e.
• • • 1in the warlike language of Il., the people or men of the army, soldiers; also a land-army, opp. to a fleet; the common men, opp. to their leaders
    • 2in the peaceful Od., men, people; so, ναυτικὸς λεώς seafaring folk, Aesch.; ὁ γεωργικὸς λεώς Ar.; ἀκούετε, λεῴ hear o people! the usual way of beginning proclamations at Athens, like our oyez! Ar.
    • 3in NTest. of Jews, and later of Christians, as opp. to heathens.