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ξύλον

ξύλον, wood

ξύλον [ῠ], τό (pl. spelt ξύλεα Abh. Berl.Akad. 1928(6).32 (Cos, v B. C.)),
  • wood cut and ready for use, firewood, timber, etc., Hom., mostly in pl., Il. 8.507, 547, Od. 14.418; ξ. νήϊα ship-timber, Hes. Op. 808; ξ. ναυπηγήσιμα Th. 7.25, X. An. 6.4.4, Pl. Lg. 706b, D. 17.28; ξ. τετράγωνα logs cut square, Hdt. 1.186, cf. Pl. Prt. 325d, Arist. EN 1109b7.
      • 2 in pl., also, the wood-market, ἐπὶ ξύλα ἰέναι Ar. Fr. 403.
    • II in sg., piece of wood, log, beam, post, once in Hom., ξ. αὖον . . ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Il. 23.327; ξ. σύκινον spoon made of fig wood, Pl. Hp.Ma. 291c; peg or lever, Arist. MA 701b9; perch, ἐπὶ ξύλου καθεύδειν Ar. Nu. 1431: by poet. periphr., Ἀργοῦς ξύλον A. Fr. 20; ἵπποιο κακὸν ξ., of the Trojan horse, AP 9.152 (Agath.): hence anything made of wood, as,
      • 2 cudgel, club, Hdt. 2.63, 4.180, Ar. Lys. 357, PHal. 1.187 (iii B.C.); μετὰ ξύλων εἰσπηδῆσαι PTeb. 304.10 (ii A.D.); ξύλοις συντρίψειν Luc. Demon. 50; of the club of Heracles, Plu. Lyc. 30.
      • 3 an instrument of punishment,
        • a wooden collar, put on the neck of the prisoner, ξύλῳ φιμοῦν τὸν αὐχένα Ar. Nu. 592; ἐς τετρημένον ξ. ἐγκαθαρμόσαι . . τὸν αὐχένα Id. Lys. 680; or,
        • b stocks, in which the feet were confined, Hdt. 9.37, 6.75, Ar. Eq. 367, D. 18.129; ξ. ἐφέλκειν Polyzel. 3; ἐν τῷ ξ. δεδέσθαι Lys. 10.16 (v. ποδοκάκκη), cf. Act.Ap. 16.24, OGI 483.181 (Pergam., ii A.D.): also in pl., ἔδησεν ἐν τοῖς ξ. And. 1.45.
        • c πεντεσύριγγον ξύλον (v. sub voc.) was a combination of both, with holes for the neck, arms, and legs, Ar. Eq. 1049.
        • d gallows, κρεμάσαι τινὰ ἐπὶ ξύλου LXX De. 21.22; ξ. δίδυμον ib. Jo. 8.29: prov., ἐξ ἀξίου τοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι, i.e. if one must be hanged, at least let it be on a noble tree, App.Prov. 2.67, cf. Ar. Ra. 736; in NT, of the cross, Act. Ap. 5.30, 10.39.
        • e stake on which criminals were impaled, Alex. 222.10.
      • 4 bench, table, esp. money-changerʼs table, D. 45.33.
      • 5 πρῶτον ξύλον front bench in the Athenian theatre, Ar. Ach. 25, V. 90, cf. Sch.adlocc.: hence οὑπὶ τῶν ξύλων the official who had to take care of the seats, Hermipp. 9 (according to Meineke).
      • 6 the Hippocratic bench, Hp. Fract. 13, Art. 72.
    • III of live wood, tree, [ὄρος] δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις X. An. 6.4.5, cf. Call. Cer. 41, Agatharch. 55, LXX Ca. 2.3, al.: opp. σάρξ, Thphr. HP 1.2.6, al.; τῷ ξ. τοῦ δένδρου ἀνάλογον τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι γῆν Plot. 6.7.11; τὸ ξ. τῆς ἀμπέλου E. Cyc. 572; εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου, of cotton, Hdt. 3.47; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα Id. 7.65, cf. Poll. 7.75.
    • IV of persons, blockhead, APl. 16.187; of a stubborn person, σίδηρός τις ἢ ξ. πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις Ach.Tat. 5.22.
    • V a measure of length, = 3 (also 2 2/3) cubits, the side of the ναύβιον, Hero *Geom. 23.4,11, POxy. 669.11, 28 (iii A.D.), 1053 (vi/vii A.D.).

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