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τίνω

τίνω, to pay a price

τίνω, Il. 3.289, al., (ἀπο-) IG 5(1).1390.76 (Andania, i B.C.), etc.: Ion. impf. τίνεσκον A.R. 2.475: fut. τείσω (ἐκ-) IG 2(2).412.6 (iv B.C.), (ἀπο-) Epigr.Gr. 1132 (Att. vase, iv B.C.), PPetr. 3p.55 (iii B.C.), IG 7.3073.1 (Lebad., ii B.C.), etc.; Cypr. 3sg. πείσει Inscr.Cypr. 135.12 H.: aor. ἔτεισα (ἀπ-) SIG 47.15 (Locr., v B.C.), 663.25 (Delos, iii/ii B.C.), PPetr. 3p.41 (iii B.C.), etc.: freq. written τίσω ἔτισα in Hellenistic and later Inscrr. and Pap., and in codd. of all authors (fut., Od. 8.348, A. Ch. 277, S. Aj. 113, etc.; aor., Od. 24.352, Pi. O. 2.58, S. OT 810, etc.): in Hom. confused (both in codd. and printed texts) with τίσω ἔτισα fut. and aor. of τίω, and only to be distd. by the sense: pf. τέτεικα (ἀπο-) SIG 437.6 (Delph., iii B.C.); part. τετεικώς Lyc. 765 (τετικώς, τεθεικώς codd.) (v. ἐκτίνω):—Med., pres. first in Thgn. 204 (only τίνυμαι in Hom.): fut. τείσομαι Od. 13.15, al.: aor. ἐτεισάμην 3.197, 15.236, al. (τισ- codd.):—Pass., aor. ἐξ-ετείσθην IG 2(2).1613.198, D. 39.15, 59.7: pf. 3sg. ἐκ-τέτεισται Pl. Phdr. 257a, D. 24.187. [τῑνω (from *τίνϝω) in Ep., also Thgn. 204, Herod. 2.51, AP 7.657 (Leon.); τῐνω in Trag., as A. Pr. 112, S. OC 635, E. Or. 7; also in Pi. P. 2.24 (Med.) and Sol. 13.31; also in some Epigrammatists, as Simm. 25.1, AP 9.286 (Marc. Arg.).]
    • I Act., pay a price by way of return or recompense, mostly in bad sense, pay a penalty, with acc. of the penalty, τ. θωήν Od. 2.193; τιμήν τινι Il. 3.289; ποινάς Pi. O. 2.58, A. Pr. 112, Theodect. 8.9; δίκην S. Aj. 113, El. 298, Fr. 107.9, 2 Ep.Thess. 1.9, etc.; also τ. ἴσην (sc. δίκην) S. OT 810; διπλῆν Pl. Lg. 946e; τὸ ἥμισυ ib. 767e (s. v.l.); μείζονα τὴν ἔκτ<ε>ισίν τινι ib. 933e; τὴν προσήκουσαν τιμωρίαν ib. 905a, cf. Trag.Adesp. 490:—but also
        • b in good sense, pay a debt, acquit oneself of an obligation, ζωάγρια τ. Il. 18.407; τείσειν αἴσιμα πάντα Od. 8.348; εὐαγγέλιον (reward for bringing good news) 14.166; τ. χάριν τινί render one thanks, A. Pr. 985; τ. γῇ δασμόν S. OC 635; ἰατροῖς μισθόν X. Mem. 1.2.54:—also simply,
        • c repay, c. acc. rei, τροφάς τινι E. Or. 109:—in various phrases, τ. ἀντιποίνους δύας repay equivalent sorrows, A. Eu. 268 (lyr.); φόνον φόνου ῥύσιον τ. S. Ph. 959; αἱμάτων παλαιτέρων τ. μύσος send one pollution in repayment for another, A. Ch. 650 (lyr., Lachm., for τείνει) ; ἀρᾶς τ. χρέος Id. Ag. 457 (lyr.).--Constr.:
      • 1 c. acc. of the thing paid or of the thing repaid (v. supr.).
      • 2 less freq. c. dat., κράατι τείσεις with thy head, Od. 22.218; ψυχῇ A. Ch. 277.
      • 3 c. dat. of pers. to whom payment is made (v. supr.).
      • 4 c. dat. of the penalty, τ. θανάτῳ ἅπερ ἦρξεν Id. Ag. 1529 (anap.); τύμμα τύμματι ib. 1430 (lyr.).
      • 5 with gen. of the thing for which one pays, τ. ἀμοιβὴν βοῶν τινι pay him compensation for the cows, Od. 12.382; τ. τινὶ ποινήν τινος pay one retribution for . . , Hdt. 3.14, 7.134; τ. μητρὸς δίκας for thy mother, E. Or. 531; ἀντὶ πληγῆς πληγὴν τ. A. Ch. 313 (anap.): also with acc. of the thing for which one pays, the price being omitted, pay or atone for a thing, τείσειαν Δαναοὶ ἐμὰ δάκρυα σοῖσι βέλεσσι Il. 1.42; τ. ὕβριν Od. 24.352; τ. φόνον or λώβην τινός, Il. 21.134, 11.142; κακά Thgn. 735; διπλᾶ δʼ ἔτεισαν Πριαμίδαι θἀμάρτια A. Ag. 537: less freq. c. acc. pers., τείσεις γνωτὸν τὸν ἔπεφνες thou shalt make atonement for the brother thou hast slain, Il. 17.34.
      • 6 abs., make return or requital, Sol. 13.29; παθόντα οὐκ ἐπίστασθαι τίνειν S. OC 1203, cf. 230 (lyr.).
    • II Med., have a price paid one, make another pay for a thing, avenge oneself on him, punish him, freq. from Hom. downwards.--Constr.:
      • 1 c. acc. pers., Il. 2.743, Od. 3.197, Hdt. 1.10, 123, S. OC 996, etc.
      • 2 c. gen. criminis, τείσασθαι Ἀλέξανδρον κακότητος punish him for his wickedness, Il. 3.366, cf. Od. 3.206, Thgn. 204 (where ἀμπλακίης, v.l. -ίας), Hdt. 4.118, etc.; τ. τινὰ ἐφʼ ἁμαρτωλῇ Thgn. 1248; ὑπέρ τινος Hdt. 1.27, 73.
      • 3 c. acc. rei, take vengeance for a thing, τείσασθαι φόνον, βίην τινός, Il. 15.116, Od. 23.31; λώβην Il. 19.208, etc.
      • 4 c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, ἐτείσατο ἔργον ἀεικὲς ἀντίθεον Νηλῆα he made Neleus pay for the misdeed, visited it on his head, Od. 15.236; Ζεῦ ἄνα, δὸς τείσασθαι, ὅ με πρότερος κάκʼ ἔοργε, δῖον Ἀλέξανδρον Il. 3.351; τείσασθαί τινα δίκην exact retribution from a person, E. Med. 1316 (dub.l.).
      • 5 c. dat. modi, τίνεσθαί τινα ἀγαναῖς ἀμοιβαῖς, φυγῇ, repay or requite with . ., Pi. P. 2.24, A. Th. 638.
      • 6 abs., repay oneself, indemnify oneself, ἡμεῖς δʼ αὖτε ἀγειρόμενοι κατὰ δῆμον τεισόμεθʼ Od. 13.15. (Root qṷǐ- [alternating with qṷei- and qṷoi-] ‘payʼ: τῐ-νϝ-ω, τῐ-σις, τεί-σω [Cypr. πείσει], ἔ-τει-σα [cf. ἀππεισάτου s.v. ἀποτίνω], ποι-νή (q.v.): Skt. cáy-ate ‘avenge, punishʼ: ápa-ci-tis ‘vengeanceʼ:—not related to τίω.)

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