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ἕλκω

ἕλκω, to draw, drag

ἕλκω (ἑλκύω late, Tz. H. 6.621), Il. 24.52, etc., impf. εἷλκον A. Fr. 39, etc., Ep. ἕλκον Il. 4.213, al. (never εἵλκυον): fut. ἕλξω A. Supp. 909, etc., rarely ἑλκύσω [ῠ] Hp. Fract. 2, Philem. 174: aor. εἵλκῠσα Batr. 232, Pi. N. 7.103, Trag. and Att., E. Ph. 987, Ar. Nu. 540, SIG 2587.23, al., etc.; ἥλκυσα IG ΙΙ(2).287 B 61 (Delos, ii B.C.), CIG 4993,5006 (Egypt, iii A.D.); later εἷλξα, poet. ἕλξα AP 9.370 (Tib. Ill.), Orph. A. 258, Gal. Nat.Fac. 1.12: pf. εἵλκῠκα D. 22.59; pf. part. ἑολκώς prob. in Epich. 177:—Med., fut. -ύσομαι (ἐφ-) Antyll. ap. Orib. 6.10.9: aor. εἱλκυσάμην (ἀφ-) v.l. in Hp. Art. 11, subj. ἀφελκύσωμαι Ar. Ach. 1120; rarely εἱλξάμην Gal. 4.534:—Pass., fut. ἑλκυσθήσομαι A. Th. 614 (ξυγκαθ-), Lyc. 358, ἑλχθήσομαι Gal. UP 7.7: aor. εἱλκύσθην Hp. Epid. 4.14, (ἐξ-) Ar. Ec. 688, ἑλκ- Hdt. 1.140, ἡλκ- IG 12(7).115.11 (Amorgos); later εἵλχθην Ph. 2.11, Philostr. VA 8.15, D.L. 6.91: pf. εἵλκυσμαι Hp. Superf. 16, E. Rh. 576, Ph. 1.316, (καθ-) Th. 6.50, ἕλκυσμαι (ἀν-) Hdt. 9.98, ἥλκυσμαι BGU 1256.11(ii B.C.): plpf. εἵλκυστο Hp. Epid. 4.36.—In Att., ἕλκω, ἕλξω were alone used in pres. and fut., while the other tenses were formed from ἑλκυ-; cf. ἑλκέω (q.v.), ἑλκυστάζω. In Hom., Aristarch. rejected the augm. (Cf. Lat. sulcus, Lith. velkù ‘dragʼ):—
  • Αdraw, drag, with collat.notion of force or exertion, ὣς εἰπὼν ποδὸς ἕλκε began to drag [the dead body] by the foot, Il. 13.383; ἤν περ . . ποδῶν ἕλκωσι θύραζε Od. 16.276; τινὰ τῆς ῥινός Luc. Herm. 73; Ἕκτορα . . περὶ σῆμʼ ἑτάροιο ἕλκει Il. 24.52; drag away a prisoner, 22.65 (Pass.); draw ships down to the sea, 2.152, etc.; draw along a felled tree, 17.743; of mules, draw a chariot, 24.324; ἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο . . πηκτὸν ἄροτρον draw the plough through the field, 10.353, cf. 23.518; ἕ. τινὰ ἐπὶ κνάφου Hdt. 1.92; περιβαλόντας σχοινία ἕ. haul at them, Id. 5.85.
      • 2 draw after one, ἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ Ὠκεανῷ . . φάος ἠελίοιο, ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν Il. 8.486; πέδας ἕ. trail fetters after one, Hdt. 3.129; ἕ. χλανίδα let oneʼs cloak trail behind, Ephipp. 19 (anap.); θοἰμάτιον Archipp. 45.
      • 3 tear in pieces (used by Hom. only in the form ἑλκέω), ὀνύχεσσι παρειάν E. Tr. 280; worry, τὰς κύνας ὥλαφος ἕλκοι Theoc. 1.135; ἑλκυσθῆναι ὑπὸ κυνός Hdt. 1.140.
        • b metaph., carp at, Pi. N. 7.103.
      • 4 draw a bow, ἕλκε . . γλυφίδας τε λαβὼν καὶ νεῦρα βόεια Il. 4.122, cf. Od. 21.419, Hdt. 3.21, X. An. 4.2.28, etc.
      • 5 draw a sword, S. Ant. 1233, E. Rh. 576 (Pass.):—Med., ἕλκετο δʼ ἐκ κολεοῖο . . ξίφος Il. 1.194.
      • 6 ἕ. ἱστία hoist sails, Od. 2.426:—also in Med., h.Bacch. 32.
      • 7 lift up scales, so as to poise them, ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών Il. 8.72, 22.212.
    • II after Hom.,
      • 1 pull a barge-pole, Hdt. 1.194.
      • 2 tow a ship, Th. 2.90, etc.
      • 3 drag into court, ἕλκω σε κλητεύσοντα Ar. Nu. 1218, cf. 1004 (Pass.); εἰς ἀγοράν Act.Ap. 16.19; drag about, esp. with lewd violence, ἕλκει καὶ βιάζεται D. 21.150; μηδένα ἕλξειν μηδʼ ὑβριεῖν ib. 221; ἕλκειν γυναῖκα Lys. 1.12: metaph., ἄνω κάτω τοὺς λόγους ἕ. Pl. Tht. 195c, cf. Arist. SE 167a35; ἡμέας ὁ καιρὸς ἕλκει Herod. 2.10; also ἥλκυσμαι λαμπαδάρχης I have been compelled to serve as λ., BGU l.c.
      • 4 draw or suck up, [ἥλιος] ἕλκει τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπʼ ἑωυτόν Hdt. 2.25; ἕ. τὸν ἀέρα draw it in, breathe it, Hp. Aër. 19, Ti.Locr. 101d (Pass.), cf. Philyll. 20: ζωὴν φύσιν Archel. ap. Antig. Mir. 89; esp. of persons drinking, drink in long draughts, quaff, μέθυ E. Ion 1200; ἄμυστιν Id. Cyc. 417; τὴν . . τοῦ Πραμνίου [σπονδήν] Ar. Eq. 107; οἶνον ἐκ . . λεπαστῆς Telecl. 24 (lyr.); ἀπνευστί Antiph. 74.14, etc.: with acc. of the cup, δέπας μεστὸν . . ἕλκουσι γνάθοις ἀπαύστοις Id. 237, cf. Eub. 56.7, al.; so ἕ. μαστόν suck it, E. Ph. 987; inhale, ὀσμήν Antig. Mir. 89; of roots, draw up nourishment, Thphr. HP 1.6.10: metaph., χανδὸν καὶ ἀμυστὶ τῶν μαθηυάτων ἕ. Eun. VS p.474D.
      • 5 draw from a receptacle, ἐξ ἑκάστου κιβωτίου πινάκιον ἕν Arist. Ath. 64.1.
      • 6 ἕ. βίοτον, ζόαν, drag out a weary life, E. Or. 207 (lyr.), Ph. 1535 (lyr.); προφάσιας ἕ. keep making excuses, Hdt. 6.86; πάσας τε προφάσεις . . ἕλκουσι Ar. Lys. 727; ἕ. χρόνους make long, in prosody, Longin. Proll. Heph. p.83C.: hence intr., ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο λέγεται ἑλκύσαι τὴν σύστασιν . . that the conflict dragged on, lasted, Hdt. 7.167, cf. PHib. 1.83.9 (iii B.C.):—Pass., τῶν ἐγκλημάτων εἱκλυσμένων πλείονα χρόνον Supp.Epigr. 2.281 (Delph., ii B.C.); also of a person, ἑλκόμενος καὶ μόγις Pl. R. 350d.
      • 7 ἕ. κόρδακα dance in long, measured steps, Ar. Nu. 540; ἓν τουτὶ (σχῆμα) Id. Pax 328.
      • 8 draw to oneself, attract, of the magnet, E. Fr. 567; by spells, τινὰ ποτὶ δῶμα Theoc. 2.17, cf. X. Mem. 3.11.18, Plot. 4.4.40, etc.; πείθειν καὶ ἑ. Pl. R. 458d; ἐχθροὺς ἐφʼ ἑαυτόν D. 22.59; draw on, ἐπὶ ἡδονάς Pl. Phdr. 238a; εἰς τυραννίδας ἕ. τὰς πολιτείας Id. R. 568c:—Pass., to be drawn on as by a spell, ἴυγγι δʼ ἕλκομαι ἦτορ Pi. N. 4.35; πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν Pl. R. 494e.
      • 9 of things weighed, ἕ. σταθμὸν τάλαντα δέκα draw down the balance, i.e. weigh ten talents, Hdt. 1.50, cf. Eup. 116: abs., τὸ δʼ ἂν ἑλκύσῃ whatever it weigh, Hdt. 2.65; πλεῖον ἕ. Pl. Min. 316a.
        • b ἕ. τὰς ψήφους cast up the account, PPetr. 2p.37 (iii B.C.), PHib. 1.17.25 (iii B.C.).
      • 10 draw or derive from a source, ἐντεῦθεν εἵλκυσεν ἐπὶ τὴν . . τέχνην τὸ πρός φορον αὐτῇ Pl. Phdr. 270a, cf. Jul. Or. 7.207a; τὸ γένος ἀπό τινος Str. 11.9.3; assume, μείζω φαντασίαν Plb. 32.10.5; ὁ ἄρτος ἕλκει χρῶμα κάλλιστον Ath. 3.113c.
      • 11 ἑλκύσαι πλίνθους make bricks, Hdt. 1.179, cf. PPetr. 3p.137; ἕ. λάγανον Chrysipp.Tyan. ap. Ath. 14.647e.
      • 12 αἱ θυρίδες ἕλκουσι the windows draw in air, Thphr. Vent. 29.
      • 13 ἕ. ἑαυτόν, expressing some kind of athletic exercise, Pl. Prm. 135d.
  • B Med., ἕ. χαίτας ἐκ κεφαλῆς tear oneʼs hair, Il. 10.15; ἀσσοτέρω πυρὸς ἕλκετο δίφρον drew his chair nearer to the fire, Od. 19.506, cf. Semon. 7.26.
      • 2 draw to oneself, scrape up, amass, τιμάς, ἄφενος ἕλκεσθαι, Thgn. 30.
      • 3 ἕλκεσθαι στάθμας περισσᾶς in Pi. P. 2.90, means lit., to drag at too great a line, i.e. grasp more than oneʼs due-- but whence the metaphor is taken remains unexplained.
  • C Pass., to be drawn or wrenched, νῶτα . . ἑλκόμενα στερεῶς, of wrestlers, Il. 23.715; of the nails, to be curved, Hp. Morb. 2.48; to close in when the core is removed, of the timber of certain trees, Thphr. HP 5.5.2.
      • 2 to be drawn or to flow at a place, of streams, Lyc. 702; πρὸς ἀντολίην ἕ. αἶα D.P. 1086.
      • 3 to be drawn or contracted, εἱλκύσθη ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιὰ τράχηλος Hp. Epid. 4.14.

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