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χρεία

χρεία, need, want; use, advantage, service

χρεία (written χρέα PCair.Zen. 25.2, 148 (iii B. C.)), Ion. χρείη Call. in PSI 11.1216.43, ἡ: (χράομαι, κέχρημαι):—
  • need, want, χρείας ὕπο A. Th. 287; ἵνʼ ἕσταμεν χρείας considering in what great need we are, S. OT 1443; χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν to war with necessity, Id. OC 191 (anap.): c. gen., want of . ., φαρμάκων χρείᾳ κατεσκέλλοντο A. Pr. 481; ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης Id. Th. 506; ἐν χρείᾳ δορός in the need or stress of war, S. Aj. 963; φορβῆς χρείᾳ Id. Ph. 162 (anap.), cf. 1004: ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν] Pl. Lg. 834b; ἦ μὴν ἔτʼ ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει will have need of my help, A. Pr. 170 (anap.), cf. Call. l.c.; ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως came to feel the need of its assistance, Pl. Mx. 244d; ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι, Pl. R. 373d, 566e; ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει S. Ph. 646; so τίς χ. σʼ ἐμοῦ [ἔχει]; E. Hec. 976, cf. χρεώ I.2: χρείαν ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Matt. 3.14 (folld. by (ίνα, Ev.Jo. 2.25); signfs. I.1 and III in the same sentence, οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς . . Epicur. Sent.Vat. 34: prov., χ. διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν ‘necessity is the mother of invention’, E. Fr. 715, cf. El. 376, Men. 263: pl., αἱ χρεῖαι τολμᾶν βιάζονται Antipho 3.2.1; αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. X. Mem. 3.12.5; πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή Pl. R. 369d; αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. D. 23.148, cf. 45.67 (sg.); πολεμικαὶ χ. Arist. Pol. 1328b11.
      • 2 want, poverty, S. Ph. 175 (lyr.), E. Hel. 420, etc.; διὰ τὴν χ. καὶ τὴν πενίαν Ar. Pl. 534 (anap.).
      • 3 a request of necessity, opp. ἀξίωσις (a claim of merit), Th. 1.37, cf. 33: generally, request, τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθʼ ἐμοῦ πάρα A. Pr. 700; κἀγὼ . . τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω make such a request of or to thee, Id. Ch. 481.
    • II business, ὡς πρὸς τί χρείας; for what purpose? S. OT 1174, cf. 1435; χρῆσθαί τινι χρείαν ἣν ἂν ἐθέλωσι Pl. Lg. 868b; δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. Plb. 8.16.11.
        • b esp. military or naval service, ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική the employments of war and of peace, Arist. Pol. 1254b32; αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ., Plb. 6.52.1, 31.21.3; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ. Aristeas 110, LXX 1 Ma. 12.45; οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. Ju. 12.10; οἱ ἐπὶ χρειῶν τεταγμένοι BGU 543.1 (i B. C.); in military sense, action, engagement, αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. Plb. 1.84.7, al.
        • c generally, business, employment, function, Id. 3.45.2, etc.; ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ. the duty assigned, PTeb. 741.11 (ii B. C.); οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης Act.Ap. 6.3; χ. πολιτικαί Plu. Mar. 32, etc.
        • d a business, affair, matter, like χρέος, Plb. 2.49.9, al.; τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ. the study of these things, Epicur. Ep. 1p.29U.
        • e χ. ἀναγκαία need of nature, D.S. 4.33; τροφῆς χ. Ph. 2.472.
    • III use,
      • 1 as a property, use, advantage, service, χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς Thgn. 62; τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι Antipho 3.3.4; ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς Pl. Grg. 480a; πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. Id. R. 371e; χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις to be of service to mankind, Id. Smp. 204c; τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν things of no use or service, D. Prooem. 56.3; χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι is of service towards . ., Sosip. 1.41; for S. OT 725, v. ἐρευνάω I: pl., χρεῖαι . . φίλων ἀνδρῶν services rendered by them, Pi. N. 8.42; χρείας παρέχεσθαι render services, Decr. ap. D. 18.84, IG 2(2).654.15, cf. Plb. 1.16.8 (sg.); ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι (sic) PCair.Zen. 498 (iii B. C.); μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν Plb. 3.97.4; παρέχειν χ. to be serviceable, useful, Aristo Stoic. 1.79; ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον Plu. QConv. 2.724e; χ. ναυτικαί equipments, Ael. VH 2.10.
      • 2 as an action, using, use, κτῆσις καὶ χ. X. Mem. 2.4.1, Pl. R. 451c; ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι in use, Id. Phd. 87c; κατὰ τὴν χ. for use, Id. R. 330c; πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. X. Mem. 4.2.25; ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων the employment of words, Pl. Sph. 239d, cf. Plt. 272d: pl., λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ . . χαλκός is made bright by constant use, S. Fr. 864.
    • IV of persons, familiarity, intimacy, τινος with one, Antipho 5.63: generally, any relation of business or intercourse, ἐν χρείᾳ τινὶ τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους Pl. R. 372a; ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. Arist. Rh. 1376b13; [Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ . . ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ in the relationship, capacity, D.L. 5.1.
    • V Rhet., pregnant sentence, maxim, freq. illustrated by an anecdote, Sen. Ep. 33.7, Hermog. Prog. 3, Aphthon, Prog. 3, Theon Prog. 5, etc.: pl., title of works by Zeno (D.L. 6.91), Aristipp., etc.; by Macho, a collection of sayings of courtesans, Ath. 13.577d; ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. Plu. Apophth. Lac. 2.218a; χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι ib. Profect. 78f.

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